700 mL/min).Conclusion The CLh-s could be correlated with operation complications,and be considered as an effective supplement to evaluate hepatic functional reserve when combined with ICGR15 and Child-Pugh classification. It could be used to evaluate liver functional reserve more effectively and reliably.

BACKGROUNDTo investigate the effect and complication of three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy (3D-CRT) for elderly patients with stage I-III non-small cell lung cancer.

METHODSThirty elderly patients with stage I-III NSCLC who were treated with 3D-CRT from January, 1998 to January, 2002 were retrospectively analyzed. In the 30 patients, 46 targets were treated with 3-5 Gy per fraction to a total dose of 42-66 Gy. The effect and complication were analysed.

RESULTSThe overall 1-, 2-, 3-year survival rates and the median survival time were 65.8%, 41.2%, 20.6%, and 23 months respectively. The overall 1-, 2-, 3-year local control rates were 59.8%, 31.1%, and 28.3%. The overall incidence of radiation pneumonitis was 16.7% (15/30) with grade≥3 of 6.7%, and one case was died from rediation pneumonitis. The incidence of radiation pulmonary fibrosis was 10.0% (3/30), and the incidence of radiation esophagistis was 43.3% (13/30), but both two side effects were slight.

CONCLUSIONS3D-CRT can improved the survival in elderly patients with stage I-III non-small cell lung cancer by escalating radiotherapy doses.

Objective To explore whether the proprioceptive sensory cueing delivered by electrical stimulator to common peroneal nerve can improve the freezing of gait of parkinsonian patients. Methods Thirty patients with Parkinson′s disease experiencing freezing of gait (FOG) admitted to the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University from January to December 2018 were included in the trial. Proprioceptive sensory cueing was provided by alternating electrical stimuli to bilateral common peroneal nerves delivered through the wearable electrical stimulator automatically triggered by walking. The modified 12 meters Timed Walking Test, six items of the modified Parkinson Activity Scale (PSA?6), and FOG score were used to test the gait function respectively when the stimulator was turned on and off. Results Compared to the off status, time duration for two 360°turns (T360), initiating (T1) and the turning (T2) was reduced with statistical significance when the stimulator was turned on in the three trial situations which were walking with no extra task (17.49 (13.55, 23.48) s vs 14.73 (10.31, 21.71) s, 2.16 (1.78, 2.68) s vs 1.70 (1.38, 2.29) s, 6.37 (4.10, 7.45) s vs 4.77 (3.40, 6.85) s; Z=-3.219,-4.206,-2.910, P<0.05), walking with cognitive task (21.35 (16.30, 30.72) s vs 18.36 (13.83, 27.98) s, 2.80 (2.05, 3.75) s vs 2.04 (1.64, 3.00) s, 6.58 (5.23, 8.96) s vs 5.75 (4.59, 7.76) s; Z=-3.486,-4.206,-3.363, P<0.05) and walking with motor task (25.34 (17.79, 30.30) s vs 22.24 (14.11, 29.33) s, 2.46 (2.19, 3.18) s vs 2.35 (1.66, 2.59) s, 7.77 (4.75, 9.93) s vs 6.45 (3.81, 7.66) s; Z=-3.468,-3.983,-3.570, P<0.05). In all the three exercise modes, the maintaining time (T3) was not significantly different. With the stimulator turned on, the total walking time (Tt) was not significantly different when the patients walked without extra task and with cognitive task but obviously improved with motor task (29.26 (20.11, 33.21) s vs 27.66 (17.70, 32.73) s, Z=-2.644, P=0.008). Compared to the off status, patients showed higher PAS?6 scores (18.99±2.55 vs 16.82±2.92, t=-6.617, P=0.000) and lower FOG scores (14.10 ± 5.02 vs 10.61 ± 5.05, t=6.151, P=0.000) with statistical significance when the stimulator was turned on. Conclusion The wearable electrical stimulator can alleviate FOG in patients with Parkinson′s disease by improving rotation, gait initiation and turning and may be used as a new rehabilitative therapy for patients with FOG.

Objective: To explore whether the proprioceptive sensory cueing delivered by electrical stimulator to common peroneal nerve can improve the freezing of gait of parkinsonian patients. Methods: Thirty patients with Parkinson′s disease experiencing freezing of gait (FOG) admitted to the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University from January to December 2018 were included in the trial. Proprioceptive sensory cueing was provided by alternating electrical stimuli to bilateral common peroneal nerves delivered through the wearable electrical stimulator automatically triggered by walking. The modified 12 meters Timed Walking Test, six items of the modified Parkinson Activity Scale (PSA-6), and FOG score were used to test the gait function respectively when the stimulator was turned on and off. Results: Compared to the off status, time duration for two 360° turns (T360), initiating (T1) and the turning (T2) was reduced with statistical significance when the stimulator was turned on in the three trial situations which were walking with no extra task (17.49 (13.55, 23.48) s vs 14.73 (10.31, 21.71) s, 2.16 (1.78, 2.68) s vs 1.70 (1.38, 2.29) s, 6.37 (4.10, 7.45) s vs 4.77 (3.40, 6.85) s; Z=-3.219, -4.206, -2.910, P<0.05), walking with cognitive task (21.35 (16.30, 30.72) s vs 18.36 (13.83, 27.98) s, 2.80 (2.05, 3.75) s vs 2.04 (1.64, 3.00) s, 6.58 (5.23, 8.96) s vs 5.75 (4.59, 7.76) s; Z=-3.486, -4.206, -3.363, P<0.05) and walking with motor task (25.34 (17.79, 30.30) s vs 22.24 (14.11, 29.33) s, 2.46 (2.19, 3.18) s vs 2.35 (1.66, 2.59) s, 7.77 (4.75, 9.93) s vs 6.45 (3.81, 7.66) s; Z=-3.468, -3.983, -3.570, P<0.05). In all the three exercise modes, the maintaining time (T3) was not significantly different. With the stimulator turned on, the total walking time (Tt) was not significantly different when the patients walked without extra task and with cognitive task but obviously improved with motor task (29.26 (20.11, 33.21) s vs 27.66 (17.70, 32.73) s, Z=-2.644, P=0.008). Compared to the off status, patients showed higher PAS-6 scores (18.99±2.55 vs 16.82±2.92, t=-6.617, P=0.000) and lower FOG scores (14.10±5.02 vs 10.61±5.05, t=6.151, P=0.000) with statistical significance when the stimulator was turned on. Conclusion The wearable electrical stimulator can alleviate FOG in patients with Parkinson′s disease by improving rotation, gait initiation and turning and may be used as a new rehabilitative therapy for patients with FOG.

Clustering is a prevalent analytical means to analyze single cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) data but the rapidly expanding data volume can make this process computationally challenging. New methods for both accurate and efficient clustering are of pressing need. Here we proposed Spearman subsampling-clustering-classification (SSCC), a new clustering framework based on random projection and feature construction, for large-scale scRNA-seq data. SSCC greatly improves clustering accuracy, robustness, and computational efficacy for various state-of-the-art algorithms benchmarked on multiple real datasets. On a dataset with 68,578 human blood cells, SSCC achieved 20% improvement for clustering accuracy and 50-fold acceleration, but only consumed 66% memory usage, compared to the widelyused software package SC3. Compared to k-means, the accuracy improvement of SSCC can reach 3-fold. An R implementation of SSCC is available at https://github.com/Japrin/sscClust.
Algorithms ; Animals ; Cluster Analysis ; Computational Biology ; methods ; Databases as Topic ; Gene Expression Profiling ; methods ; Humans ; Mice ; Sequence Analysis, RNA ; Single-Cell Analysis ; Software ; Statistics, Nonparametric

ObjectiveTo establish the identification method of Dalbergiae Odoriferae Lignum（DOL） and its counterfeits by nuclear magnetic resonance hydrogen spectrum（¹H-NMR） combined with multivariate statistical analysis. Method¹H-NMR spectra of DOL and its counterfeits were obtained by NMR， and the full composition information was established and transformed into a data matrix， and the detection conditions were as follows：taking dimethyl sulfoxide-d₆（DMSO-d₆） containing 0.03% tetramethylsilane（TMS） as the solvent， the constant temperature at 298 K（1 K=-272.15 ℃）， pulse interval of 1.00 s， spectrum width of 12 019.23 Hz， the scanning number of 16 times， and the sampling time of 1.08 s. Similarity examination and hierarchical cluster analysis（HCA） were performed on the data matrix of DOL and its counterfeits， and orthogonal partial least squares-discriminant analysis（OPLS-DA） was used to analyze the data matrix and identify the differential components between them. In the established OPLS-DA category variable value model， the category variable value of DOL was set as 1， and the category variable value of the counterfeits was set as 0， and the threshold was set as ±0.3， in order to identify the commercially available DOL. The OPLS-DA score plot was used to determine the types of counterfeits in commercially available DOL， and it was verified by thin layer chromatography（TLC）. ResultThe results of similarity analysis and HCA showed that there was a significant difference between DOL and its counterfeits. OPLS-DA found that the differential component between DOL and its counterfeits was trans-nerolidol. The established category variable value model could successfully identify the authenticity of the commercially available DOL. The results of the OPLS-DA score plot showed that there were heartwood of Dalbergia pinnata and D. cochinchinensis in the commercially available DOL， and were consistent with the TLC verification results. ConclusionThere is a phenomenon that heartwood of D. pinnata and D. cochinchinensis are sold as DOL in the market. ¹H-NMR combined with multivariate statistical analysis can effectively distinguish DOL and its counterfeits， which can provide a reference for the identification of them.