The etiology in Basic of TCM was six exopathogens (wind, cold, summer heat, wet, dryness, and fire),seven emotions, blood stasis, phlegm retention, improper diet, exhaustion, infectious damp heat, trauma and bitten by animal and insect. Through years of observation, we found that some diseases could not be explained by such etiologies and thus put forward some new etiologies, including pollution poison gas, drugs, chemicals and radiation. These new etiologies had some significance in improving TCM theories and guiding clinical practice.

When semiconductor chilling plate is used in parallel connection mode,a DC power supply with a low voltage and high current has to be available.A power supply of 1.8V,14A is designed to meet above demand.

Objective To assess the effects of caffeine use in apnea of prematurity (AOP) in the early stage (caffeine was used within 3 days after birth) versus late stage (caffeine was used 4 to 10 days after birth ) . Methods Medline, Science Direct, Elsevier, Embase, CBMdisc and Wanfang databases were retrieved to incorporate studies that met the inclusion criteria. The retrieval time limit was from the establishment of the databases to November, 2015. References that were in line with the inclusion criteria were selected and relevant conference data were collected by manual retrieval. Two researchers conducted meta-analysis using software RevMan 5. 2 after independent data selection, information extraction and quality evaluation according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Results One randomized controlled trial and four retrospective cohort studies were included. A total of 59 288 patients were involved. Meta-analysis suggested that, compared with caffeine use in the late stage, the early stage group showed significant lower incidence ( P < 0. 05 ) of mortality, bronchopulmonary dysplasia, intraventricular hemorrhage, periventricular leukomalacia, retinopathy of prematurity and surgical intervention of patent ductus arteriosus. No significant difference (OR = 0. 98, 95% CI 0. 72 - 1. 33, P = 0. 881) was observed between the 2 groups in terms of the incidence of necrotic enterocolitis. Conclusions Patients with AOP should start caffeine treatment as early as possible, which significantly decreases mortality rate and the occurrence of other complications with little adverse reactions and good clinical tolerance.

Objective In this research ,the effects of exogenous C 2-ceramide on the induction of apop-tosis of mesothelioma cells in vitro and related important proteins are investigated .Mtehods Mesothelioma cells were treated with various doses of C 2-ceramide for different duration .Cell viability were analyzed by cell count-ing kit-8 assay.Morphological changes of apoptosis of mesothelioma cells were observed by Diff Quik staining . Apoptosis of mesothelioma cells was also detected by Caspase -3 assay and lactate dehydrogenase(LDH)assay. Related important proteins involved in the signal transduction of apoptosis were detected by western blot .Results In vitro,C2-ceramide demonstrated a dose -and time-dependent inhibition of cell proliferation .Apoptotic bodies were observed by Diff Quik staining .The antiproliferative effect of 80 μm C2-ceramide was paralleled with an increase in Caspase -3 activity.LDH assay showed that C2-ceramide at a concentration of 80μm signifi-cantly promoted cells death .After treated by C2-ceramide,the expressions of Bax and the phosphorylated JNK in mesothelioma cells were increased , however , the expression of phosphorylated ERK 1/2 kinase was decreased . Conclusion Our results indicate that C 2-ceramide induced apoptosis of malignant mesothelioma cells in vitro . This anti-tumor affect is achieved by adjusting related important proteins .

Objective To compare the effect of perioperative intravenous injection of Analgecine on the analgesic efficacy and complications of patient-controlled intravenous analgesia ( PCIA ) of different doses of fentsnyl in postoperative lumhotomy patients.Methods 200 patients underweat hmbotomy in general anesthesia were randomly divided into four groups with fifty cases each.Fentanyl 1.0mg in group A,fentanyl 0.5mg in group B,fentanyl 1.0mg in group C,fentanyl 0.5mg in group D.The drugs in each group were diluted to 100ml and infused by pumps.Besides,the patients in group C and D were injected with analgecine 3.6u and 7.2u at the night before the operation,preoperation and postoperation respectively.The visual analog scale(VAS),times of PCA and incidence of side effects were recorded during the period of postoperative 24 hours.Results The VAS of group B at 2h after operation was (5.2 ± 1.9 ) points,which was significandy higher than that of group A,C and D( P ＜ 0.05 ),VAS became similar 4h later( P ＞0.05).The demanding times for supplemental bolus in group B were also significantly higher than that of A,C and D( P ＜ 0.05 ).The incidence of nausea,vomiting,itching,somnolence in group B and D were significantly less than those in group A and C( P ＜0.05 ).No respiratory depression or abnormal bleeding occurred in the four groups.Conclusion Perioperative intravenous injection of analgecine had a better effect on PCIA of fentanyl and could reduce fentanyl requirement and its side effects in lumbotomy patients.

Objective To evaluate clinical significance of ischemia grade to predict severe arrhythmia in patients with acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction(STEMI).Methods A total of 225 patients with STEMI admitting to emergency department were enrolled.All enrolled patients were divided into two groups based on the QRS complex electrocardiogram on admission:grade 1Ⅱ ischemia group(135 cases) and grade Ⅲ ischemia group (90 cases).All patients received thrombolytic therapy.The incidence rate of ST segment resolution (STR) and severe arrhythmia in hospital stay was observed.Results The ST segment elevation (Σ.ST) on admission and 2 h after thrombolysis in grade Ⅲ ischemia group was significantly higher than that in grade Ⅱ ischemia group [(0.84 ± 0.57) mV vs.(0.44 ± 0.35) mV,(0.50 ± 0.23) mV vs.(0.11 ± 0.06) mV] (P ＜ 0.01).The backing rate of ST segment ≥ 50％ 2 h after thrombolysis in grade Ⅲ ischemia group was significantly lower than that in grade Ⅱ ischemia group [56.7％ (51/90) vs.83.7％ (113/135)] (P ＜0.01).The creatine kinase MB (CK-MB) peak value in grade Ⅲ ischemia group was significantly higher than that in grade Ⅱ ischemia group [(363 ± 105) U/L vs.(212 ± 97) U/L] (P ＜ 0.01).There was no significant difference in the incidence of severe arrhythmia between two groups (P ＞ 0.05).Multiple Logistic regression analysis demonstrated that the independent predictors of severe arrhythmia were duration from symptom to thrombolysis and initial ΣST,whereas grade Ⅲ ischemia remained a strong predictor of severe arrhythmia.Conclusion Grade m ischemia on admission is associated with lower incidence of STR in patients with STEMI after thrombolysis and a strong predictor of severe arrhythmia.

The aim of the present study is to investigate the effects of sequoyitol (Seq) on expression of eNOS and NOX4 in aortas of type 2 diabetic rats. Type 2 diabetic rats induced by high fat and high sugar diet and low dose of streptozotocin (STZ, 35 mg x kg(-1)) and were administered Seq (12.5, 25 and 50 mg x kg(-1) x d(-1)) for 6 weeks. The fasting blood glucose (FBG) and body weight were tested. Acetylcholine (Ach) induced endothelium-dependent relaxation and sodium nitroprusside (SNP) induced endothelium-independent relaxation were measured in aortas for estimating endothelial function. Aortic morphological change was observed with HE staining. The level of serum insulin was measured by radioimmunoassay. The total antioxidative capacity (T-AOC), malondialdehyde (MDA) and NO levels in aortas were determined according to the manufacturer's instructions. In addition, the expressions of eNOS and NOX4 in aortas were measured by immunohistochemisty, real-time PCR or Western blotting. The results showed that Seq significantly decreased FBG and insulin resistance, and improved aortic endothelium-dependent vasorelaxation function. The expressions of NOX4 and MDA content were obviously decreased, while the expression of eNOS, the levels of NO and T-AOC increased significantly in aortas of diabetic rats with Seq treatment. In conclusion, Seq protects against aortic endothelial dysfunction of type 2 diabetic rats through down-regulating expression of NOX4 and up-regulating eNOS expression.

The aim of the present study is to investigate the protective effect of chrysin (5,7-dihydroxyflavone) on right ventricular remodeling in a rat model of monocrotaline-induced pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). PAH rats were induced by a single injection of monocrotaline (60 mg x kg(-1), sc) and were administered with chrysin (50 or 100 mg x kg(-1) x d(-1)) for 4 weeks. At the end of experiment, the right ventricular systolic pressure (RVSP) and mean pulmonary artery pressure (mPAP) were monitored via the right jugular vein catheterization into the right ventricle. Right ventricle (RV) to left ventricle (LV) + septum (S) and RV to tibial length were calculated. Right ventricular morphological change was observed by HE staining. Masson's trichrome stain was used to demonstrate collagen deposition. The total antioxidative capacity (T-AOC) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels in right ventricle were determined according to the manufacturer's instructions. The expressions of collagen I, collagen III, NADPH oxidase 4 (NOX4) and nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) were analyzed by immunohistochemisty, qPCR and (or) Western blot. The results showed that chrysin treatment for 4 weeks attenuated RVSP, mPAP and right ventricular remodeling index (RV/LV+S and RV/Tibial length) of PAH rats induced by monocrotaline. Furthermore, monocrotaline-induced right ventricular collagen accumulation and collagen I and collagen III expression were both significantly suppressed by chrysin. The expressions of NOX4, NF-κB and MDA contents were obviously decreased, while the T-AOC was significantly increased in right ventricule from PAH rats with chrysin treatment. These results suggest that chrysin ameliorates right ventricular remodeling of PAH induced by monocrotaline in rats through its down-regulating of NOX4 expression and antioxidant activity, and inhibiting NF-κB expression and collagen accumulation.

OBJECTIVE:To establish a New Vierordt method for assaying ingredients in compound fleroxacin suppositories and compound fleroxacin ear drops METHODS:New Vierordt method was applied to determination of fleroxacin and tinidazole in compound fleroxacin suppositories and fleroxacin and metronidazole in compound fleroxacin ear drops with no need of separation RESULTS:The fleroxacin and tinidazole in compound fleroxacin suppositories were detected at wavelength 286nm and 317nm respectively The average recoveries were 100 17% and 99 96% with RSDs=0 44% and 0 37% respectively The fleroxacin and metronidazole in the compound fleroxacin ear drops were detected at wavelength 286nm and 318nm respectively The average recoueries were 100 65% and 99 92% with RSDs=0 65% and 0 21% respectively CONCLUSION:The New Vierordt method can be used for quality control of the two compound preparations because of its convenience,accuracy and good repeatability and can eliminate mutual interference of two ingredients in preparations

OBJECTIVE:A HPLC method was established for determination of the level of sodium ferulate in plasma.ME_THODS:A C18 radial compression column was used with a mobile phase of CH3OH∶H2O∶H3PO4(250∶250∶0.2).The detecing wavelength was 254nm.RESULTS:The linear range was 1.2～24?g/ml(r=0.9 993).The average recovery was(98.8?0.6)%.The RSDs of within-day and between-day were less than 10%.CONCLUSION:This method provides an accurate and sensitive way in detecting plasma concentration of sodium ferulate.