The purpose of this study was to investigate the changes of protein kinase Calpha (PKCalpha) and cyclin D1 expressions in pulmonary arteries from smokers with normal lung function and smokers with mild to moderate chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The peripheral lung tissues were obtained from 10 non-smokers with normal lung function (non-smoker group), 14 smokers with normal lung function (smoker group), 11 smokers with mild to moderate COPD (COPD group). The morphological changes of pulmonary arteries were observed by HE-staining. The expressions of alpha-smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA), proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), PKCalpha and cyclin D1 proteins in pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (PASMCs) were immunohistochemically determined. The percentages of PCNA-positive cells were taken as the smooth muscle cells proliferation index (PI). The mRNA expressions of PKCalpha and cyclin D1 in PASMCs were evaluated by real-time fluorescence PCR. Morphometrical analysis showed that the ratio of pulmonary artery wall area to total area (WA%) in smoker group and COPD group was significantly greater than that in non-smoker group (P<0.01). The PASMCs proliferation index in smoker group and COPD group was significantly higher than that in nonsmoker group (P<0.01). The protein levels of PKCalpha and cyclin D1 in PASMCs were significantly increased in smoker group and COPD group as compared with non-smoker group (P<0.01). The mRNA expressions of PKCalpha and cyclin D1 in PASMCs were significantly elevated in smoker group and COPD group as compared with non-smoker group (P<0.01). Significant correlations were found between PKCalpha protein and WA% or PI (P<0.01). Correlations between cyclin D1 protein and WA% or PI also existed (P<0.01). The expression of PKCalpha was positively correlated with the expression of cyclin D1 at both protein and mRNA levels (P<0.01). In conclusion, increased expressions of PKCalpha and cyclin D1 might be involved in the pathogenesis of abnormal proliferation of PASMCs in smokers with normal lung function and smokers with mild to moderate COPD.

Objective To investigate the clinical value of bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) combined with noninvasive positive pressure ventilation (NIPPV) for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients with respiratory failure.Methods A total of 104 chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients with respiratory failure in our hospital were randomly divided into control group (conventional treatment group) and observation group (BAL+NIPPV treatment group).Arterial blood gas values of two groups before and after the treatment, 2 hours, 12 hours and 24 hours after treatment were compared, and the incidence of adverse reactions of two groups during treatment was analyzed.Results The PH value was significantly increased at 24 h after treatment in both groups, the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05).Compared with treatment before, p(CO2) was significantly decreased, and p(O2) was increased obviously at each time point, and the improvement of observation group was better than the control group, the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05).The incidence of adverse reactions in tracheal intubation, abdominal distension and nasal and farcical bruise of two groups showed a significant difference in two groups(P<0.05).Conclusion BAL combined with NIPPV can significantly improve patients''p(O2), reduce p(CO2), and improve blood PH value, effectively improve the patient''s symptoms of respiratory failure, and correct the acid-base imbalance, so it worthy of clinical popularization and application.

Objective To investigate the clinical value of bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) combined with noninvasive positive pressure ventilation (NIPPV) for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients with respiratory failure.Methods A total of 104 chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients with respiratory failure in our hospital were randomly divided into control group (conventional treatment group) and observation group (BAL+NIPPV treatment group).Arterial blood gas values of two groups before and after the treatment, 2 hours, 12 hours and 24 hours after treatment were compared, and the incidence of adverse reactions of two groups during treatment was analyzed.Results The PH value was significantly increased at 24 h after treatment in both groups, the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05).Compared with treatment before, p(CO2) was significantly decreased, and p(O2) was increased obviously at each time point, and the improvement of observation group was better than the control group, the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05).The incidence of adverse reactions in tracheal intubation, abdominal distension and nasal and farcical bruise of two groups showed a significant difference in two groups(P<0.05).Conclusion BAL combined with NIPPV can significantly improve patients''p(O2), reduce p(CO2), and improve blood PH value, effectively improve the patient''s symptoms of respiratory failure, and correct the acid-base imbalance, so it worthy of clinical popularization and application.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the changes of protein kinase Cα(PKCα)and cyclin D1 expressions in pulmonary arteries from smokers with normal lung function and smokers with mild to moderate chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD).The peripheral lung tissues were obtained from 10 non-smokers with normal lung function(non-smoker group),14 smokers with normal lung function(smoker group),11 smokers with mild to moderate COPD(COPD group).The morphological changes of pulmonary arteries were observed by HE-staining.The expressions of α-smooth muscle actin(α-SMA),proliferating cell nuclear antigen(PCNA),PKCα and cyclin D1 proteins in pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells(PASMCs)were immunohistochemically determined.The percentages of PCNA-positive cells were taken as the smooth muscle cells proliferation index(PI).The mRNA expressions of PKCα and cyclin D1 in PASMCs were evaluated by real-time fluorescence PCR.Morphometrical analysis showed that the ratio of pulmonary artery wall area to total area(WA%)in smoker group and COPD group was significantly greater than that in non-smoker group(P<0.01).The PASMCs proliferation index in smoker group and COPD group was significantly higher than that in nonsmoker group(P<0.01).The protein levels of PKCα and cyclin D1 in PASMCs were significantly increased in smoker group and COPD group as compared with non-smoker group(P<0.01).The mRNA expressions of PKCa and cyclin D1 in PASMCs were significantly elevated in smoker group and COPD group as compared with non-smoker group(P<0.01).Significant correlations were found between PKCα protein and WA% or PI(P<0.01).Correlations between cyclin D1 protein and WA% or PI also existed(P<0.01).The expression of PKCα was positively correlated with the expression of cyclin D1 at both protein and mRNA levels(P<0.01).In conclusion,increased expressions of PKCα and cyclin D1 might be involved in the pathogenesis of abnormal proliferation of PASMCs in smokers with normal lung function and smokers with mild to moderate COPD.