Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a bowel disease with uncontrolled inflammation and unknown etiology.With the recent expert consensus,multidisciplinary collaborative groups focusing on IBD have been gradually built in China,and IBD is not only an internal medical disease anymore.Furthermore,the therapeutic effect of IBD has also been greatly improved,but it is still not satisfactory.Precision therapy is the future direction of treatment for IBD,meanwhile,stem cell therapy and fecal transplantation also provide the new choices for refractory IBD.

ObjectiveTo investigate the relationship between tumor-infiltrating mast cell (TIM) and the clinicopathological and prognostic factors of patients with colorectal cancer.MethodsA total of 282 cases of paraffin-embedded colorectal cancer specimens were obtained from the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University from January 2002 to December 2005.The density of TIM was determined by immunohistochemical staining.According to the mean TIM density detected [ ( 8.4 + 6.5 )/HPF ],all the patients were divided into low-TIM density group (mean TIM density ＜8.4/HPF) and high-TIM density group (mean TIM density ＞8.4/HPF).The clinicopathological factors and the prognosis of patients between high-TIM density group and low-TIM density group were compared.All data were analyzed using the t test or chi-square test.The survival curve was drawn using the Kaplan-Meier method,and the survival of the patients was analyzed by the Log-rank test.The clinicopathological factors were analyzed retrospectively with the univariate and multivariate COX regression model.ResultsTIM was detected in all the patients with colorectal cancer.Significant differences were observed in the number of patients in N stage and TNM stage between patients in the high-TIM density group and those in the lowTIM density group (x2 =6.025,7.410,P ＜ 0.05 ).All patients were followed up till September 2010,the 5-year overall and tumor-free survival rates of patients were 82.9％ and 63.1％ in the low-TIM density group,79.0％ and 59.3％ in the high-TIM density group,with significant difference between the 2 groups (P ＜ 0.05 ).COX proportional hazard regression model revealed that high density of TIM was associated with short overall survival time and tumor-free survival time of colorectal cancer patients ( RR =2.119,95 ％ CI 1.326- 3.386; RR =2.084,95 ％ CI 1.357-3.199,P ＜0.05).The resuhs of multivariate analysis showed that high density of TIM was the independent factor influencing the overall survival time and tumor-free survival time (RR =1.651,95％ CI 1.009-2.702; RR =1.680,95％ CI 1.074-2.629,P ＜ 0.05 ).ConclusionHigh density of TIM is correlated with the N stage and TNM stage of colorectal cancer,and it is an independent predictor of poor survival for patients with colorectal cancer.

Objective To analyze the clinicopathological factors on the prognosis and investigate the necessity of adjuvant chemotherapy for patients with stage Ⅱ colorectal cancer.Methods The clinical data of 255 patients with stage Ⅱ colorectal cancer who were admitted to the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University from January 2000 to December 2005 were collected.The survival curve was drawn by Kaplan-Meier method,and the survival rate of the patients were analyzed by Log-rank test.Factors influencing the survival were analyzed by Cox regression model.Results All patients were followed up till April 23,2010,and the mean time of follow-up was (63 ± 22)months.The median survival time was 63 months.The 5-year and tumor-free survival rates were 85.3％ and 83.7％,respectively.The 5-year overall and tumor-free survival rates of patients without preoperative bowel obstruction or perforation were 86.9％ and 85.6％,which were sigaificantly higher than 72.7％and 68.4％ of patients with preoperative bowel obstruction or perforation(x2 =4.546,4.573,P ＜ 0.05 ).The 5-year overall and tumor-free survival rates of patients with negative resection margin were 85.5％ and 83.9％,which were significantly higher than 75.0％ and 75.0％ of patients with positive resection margin(x2 =7.020,6.009,P ＜ 0.05 ).The result of multivariate analysis revealed that preoperative bowel obstruction or perforation were the independent risk factors for patients with stage Ⅱ colorectal cancer(Wald =4.477,relative risk =2.371,95 ％ confidence interval:1.066-5.275,P ＜ 0.05 ).The 5-year overall and tumor-free survival rates were 87.3％ and 86.0％ for patients who received adjuvant chemotherapy,and were 82.2％ and 80.3％ for patients who did not receive adjuvant chemotherapy (P ＞ 0.05 ).Conclusions Preoperative bowel obstruction or perforation are independent risk factors for the survival of patients with stage Ⅱ colorectal cancer.Adjuvant chemotherapy could not improve the prognosis of patients with stage Ⅱ colorectal cancer.

Objective To investigate the clinical characteristics and prognosis of patients with synchronous or metachronous liver metastasis of colorectal cancer. Methods Clinical data of patients with colorectal cancer liver metastasis from 1994 to 2006 in the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University was retrospectively analyzed. The Kaplan-Meier method and long-rank test were used for bivariate comparisons. Multivariate analysis was done by the Cox regression model (Backward Wald). Results A total of 486 patients with colorectal cancer liver metastasis, including 191 synchronous and 295 metachronous liver metastasis, were analyzed. The overall 5-year cumulative survival rate was 16.2%, 9. 3% forsynchronous and 21.5% for metachronous liver metastasis respectively ( P ＜ 0. 01 ). Liver metastasis was surgically resected in 267 patients, 151 received radiofrequency ablation and 68 underwent conservative therapy with 5-year cumulative survival rates of 22. 1%, 10. 3% and 0 ( P ＜ 0. 01 ) respectively. On univariate analysis, poor prognosis was associated with older age, synchronous metastasis, higher serum CEA level, advanced N stage and poor differentiation of the primary tumor, bowel obstruction, ascites, tumor longitudinal length over 8cm, non-surgery therapy. Multivariate analysis indicated that synchronous metastasis, serum CEA level, ascites and therapy method were independent prognosis factors. Conclusions The time at which a metastasis occur, serum CEA level,ascites and curative surgical therapy determine the prognosis of patients with colorectal cancer liver metastasis. Surgical resection of metastasis in selected patients could prolong survival.

Objective: To review children′s primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD) in the pathogenesis, clinical manifestation, diagnosis and treatment. Method: To summarize and analyze the clinical data of a patient who was admitted to the first affiliated hospital of Xiamen University with primary ciliary dyskinesia in April 2014 while referring to related literature. Result: An 11 years old boy, weighting about 22 kg, had a course of more than 10 years with repeated cough, stuffy and runny nose shortly after the birth. Examinations after admission to hospital showed that he presented with visible clubbing, bilateral paranasal sinus area tenderness, pharynx posterior wall with visible yellow pussy stuff drip and bilateral lung had scattered wet rales. Auxiliary examination revealed bilateral maxillary sinus, ethmoid sinus inflammation and bronchitis with left lower lung bronchiectasis. Fiberoptic bronchoscopy discovered congestion and a lot of sputum; ciliary biopsy pathology displayed that cilia were sparse and partial cilia 9+ 2 microtubules structural abnormalities. Full sequence of exon gene sequencing revealed two mutations located at chromosome 16 chr16: 71061369 (non-coding regions) and chr16: 70993591 (coding). Two novel mutations m. 3362A>G(E20) and c. 6101G>A(E39) in exon 16 of the HYDIN gene were identified. With the" ciliary motility disorder, gene" as keywords , the CNKI, Wanfang digital knowledge service platform and PubMed were searched for relevant articles from the establishment to July 2016. The studies retrieved included 9 cases and these cases were summarized. Comprehensive analysis showed that HYDIN gene mutations related PCD patients had the typical PCD performance such as repeatedly wet cough, sinusitis, bronchiectasis, and otitis media. The majority of patients have a history of acute respiratory distress syndrome in infancy and no visceral dislocation was not found. Most of the patients had no obvious structural abnormalities in cilia electron microscopic examination. Conclusion The PCD patients with HYDIN genes mutations have clinical manifestations such as sinusitis, otitis media, bronchiectasis but without transposition of viscera. Cilia structure can be normal under the electron microscopic examination in some of patients.

Objective To evaluate the association between methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) gene C677T polymorphism and susceptibility to methotrexate (MTX) adverse reaction in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) chemotherapy. Method The data bases of The Cochrane Library, PubMed, EMbase, EMCC, OVID, CNKI, VIP and WanFang Data were searched for relevant articles published in English and Chinese up to March 2016. Two researchers independently screened literature, extracted data, and assessed bias risk in the included studies. The RevMan 5.3 and Stata 12 software were used to analyze the association between gene polymorphism and the adverse reaction of MTX chemotherapy with the recessive, dominance, co-dominance, addition and allele gene model respectively. Results A total of 12 studies were included and all of them were case-control study, with 1419 cases in case group and 2188 cases in control group. The results of meta-analysis showed that the MTHFR gene polymorphism was unrelated to the untoward effect of neutropenia, thrombocytopenia, hemoglobin reduction, mucosal damage and liver function damage during MTX chemotherapy in children with ALL under the 5 analytical models. Under the co-dominance gene model, the association between MTHFR polymorphism C677T and overall adverse reaction of MTX was statistically significant (OR=1.39, 95％CI: 1.02～1.91, P=0.04). In the recessive gene model, the C677T polymorphism of MTHFR was associated with a reduced risk of gastrointestinal adverse reactions during MTX chemotherapy (OR=3.31, 95％CI: 1.03～10.59, P=0.04). In the dominance gene model, the C677T polymorphism of MTHFR was associated with a reduced risk of skin damage induced by MTX chemotherapy (OR=3.05, 95％CI: 1.25～7.41, P=0.01). Conclusion There is no significant association between the C677T polymorphism of MTHFR and the adverse effects of MTX chemotherapy, butfurther studies with larger sample size are needed.

OBJECTIVE: To introduce a kind of method for skull base reconstruction after resecting anterior skull base tumors involving paranasal sinuses. METHOD: A retrospective analysis was carried out on 13 patients who underwent anterior skull base reconstruction. Pericranial flap were detached with integrity from the frontal bone during craniotomy, after the tumor had been resected partitionedly, the cribriform plate of ethmoid bone which was involved by tumor was resected. Using the fat tissue to fill the skull-base defects and sutured the pedicled pericranial flap with surrounding normal dura mater. Then reinforced at the junction of pericranial flap and dura mater with biogel. RESULT: The pathogenic diagnosis of all cases were meningioma. I grade resection was acquired in 12 cases and II grade in 1 case according to Simpson grading standard of meningioma resection. The postoperative complications were 3 cases aseptic meningitis, 3 cases frontal syndrome. No CSF leakage, intracranial infection, nor death occurred. An average of 3. 4-year follow-up was achieved in all the cases from 9 months to 8 years, no tumor relapse. CONCLUSION CSF leakage can be effectively prevented by filling the skull-base defects with the fat tissue, suturing the pedicled pericranial flap with surrounding normal dura mater, and reinforcing at the junction of pericranial flap and dura mater with biogel.
Adult ; Aged ; Cerebrospinal Fluid Rhinorrhea ; prevention & control ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Meningeal Neoplasms ; prevention & control ; surgery ; Meningioma ; pathology ; surgery ; Middle Aged ; Postoperative Complications ; prevention & control ; Reconstructive Surgical Procedures ; methods ; Retrospective Studies ; Skull Base ; surgery ; Skull Base Neoplasms ; pathology ; surgery

Colorectal cancer is one of the most common malignant cancers in the world.In China,the incidence of colorectal cancer is increasing year by year,with the characteristics of the insidious onset,long-time canceration and high cure rate of early-stage tumors.These will lead to the crucial significance of prevention and screening work for reducing the incidence of colorectal cancer,improving the cure rate and reducing the relevant medical costs.Screening and prevention of colorectal cancer has been carried out for nearly half a century in the world.However,systematic screening began at the beginning of this century in China.This article reviewed the results,methods,strategies and main problems of colorectal cancer screening in China and abroad.

The inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) includes Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis.The incidence of IBD is rising on a yearly basis in China,followed by an increased number of patients who suffer from the complications.Medicines and surgical treatment are the major maneuver in the management of patients with IBD.Recently,mesenehymal stromal cells MSCs were found to exert powerful immunomodulatory effects,which suggest the possibility of an alternative treatment for patients with IBD.In this article,the most recent literatures in this field will be reviewed combining with our own clinical experiences.The functions of MSCs,the pathogenesis of IBD and research situation of MSCs therapy for patients with IBD will be discussed.

Objective: To explore the association between methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) C677T and A1298C gene polymorphisms and toxicity of Methotrexate(MTX) chemotherapy in pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). Methods: From January 2015 to June 2018, 128 pediatric patients with ALL in southern Fujian who were admitted at the First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University were selected.Their peripheral blood 2 mL was collected and genomic DNA was extracted.The MTHFR genotype was detected by polymerase chain reaction(PCR) direct sequencing method, and the clinical significance of HD-MTX on ALL children with toxic and side effects was evaluated according to the National Cancer Institute-Common Toxicity Criteria. Results: Among 128 children, 54 cases(42.2%) presented rash, 48 cases (37.5%)with mucosal lesions, 51 cases (39.8%) with liver function damage, 23 cases (18.0%) with renal function damage, 52 cases (40.6%) with gastrointestinal reactions, 38 cases (29.7%)with leukopenia, 34 cases (26.6%) with thrombocytopenia and 63 cases (49.2%) with hemoglobin reduction.There was no significant difference in the incidence of MTX adverse reactions (rash, mucosa lesions, liver and renal function damage, gastrointestinal reaction, leukopenia, hemoglobin decrease and thrombocytopenia) between the MTHFR C677T and A1298C polymorphisms (all P>0.05). The different clinical risk (MTX dose) of the children was not statistically signi-ficant in the MTHFR C677T and A1298C genotypes and allele frequencies (χ²=2.573, 2.264, 1.615, 0.267; all P>0.05). There was no significant difference among the abnormal incidence of MTX at 24 h, 48 h and 72 h (all P>0.05). Conclusions MTHFR C677T and A1298C polymorphisms do not seem to be good markers of MTX-related toxicity and/or outcome in pediatric ALL in southern Fujian, and its clinical application still needs further discussion.