Objective To reveal evolution characteristics and antigenic epitope variabilities of hemagglutinin (HA) gene of H3N2 viruses in Guangdong during 2014-2015.Methods The HA gene nucleotide sequence of influenza H3N2 virus isolated during 2014-2015 in Guangdong Province was selected by spatial-temporal distribution.The HA gene nucleotide sequences were compared with global HA genes downloaded from GenBank and GISAID and the gene nucleotide mutations were analyzed.The phylogenetic tree and the entropy chart were conducted.Results Compared with HA gene of vaccine strain A/Texas/50/2012,the substitutions of 25 amino acid sites occurred in the HA gene of the 17 Guangdong strains during 2014 to 2015.The epitope A,B,D and E of the HA1 gene developed mutations,which involved 11 amino acid sites.One glycosylation site deletion occurred in A/Guangdong/ 55/2015 in virtue of the N38K site mutation.The high mutation site was at 175 with entropy value of 1.16.The 363 site might be the positive selection while the 368 and 425 sites might be the negative selection sites by comprehensive evaluation of the screening results of the single likelihood ancestor countincy (SLAC),fixed effects likelihood (FEL) and internal fixed-effects likelihood (IFEL) model.Conclusions The mutations emerge in the epitopes A,B,D and E of HA gene of the Guangdong H3N2 stains.Evolution at 363 site is positive selection while those at 368 and 425 sites are negative selection.The mutation accumulation might lead to the epidemic of influenza H3N2.

Objective:To explore the mediating effect of children's effortful control on the relationship between home environment and children's behavioral emotional problems in preschool children with malignant tumors and to provide evidences for family intervention on behavioral emotional problems in children.Methods:Totally 353 preschool children with malignant tumors were investigated with family adaptation and cohesion evaluation scales II (FACES II), child behavior questionnaire-very short form(CBQ-VSF) and strengths and difficulties questionnaire (SDQ), AMOS 22.0 software was used to construct a structural equation model in data analysis and the Bootstrap method was used to test the mediation effect.Results:The scores of family adaptation and cohesion, children's effortful control, difficulty questionnaire were(51.63±12.41), (55.43±10.16), (3.23±0.80) and (13.75±3.66). The scores of dimensions including emotion, conduct, hyperactivity, peer problems, prosocial of difficulty questionnaire were(2.83±0.90), (2.73±0.96), (2.67±0.93), (2.76±0.85), (2.67±0.85), respectively. Family adaptation and cohesion were positively correlated with children's effortful control ( r=0.244, 0.289, P<0.01). Children's effortful control was negatively correlated with children's behavioral emotional problems ( r=-0.365--0.302, all P<0.05). Family adaptation and cohesion were negatively correlated with children's behavioral/emotional problems ( r=-0.323--0.124, r=-0.342--0.181, all P<0.05). The direct effect value was -0.469, indirect effect value was -0.102, accounting for 17.86% of the total effect. Conclusion:Children's effortful control exert a significant mediating effect on the relationship between home environment and children's behavioral/emotional problems in preschool children with malignant tumors, suggesting that medical staff should pay attention to the level of effortful control of preschool children with malignant tumors in order to take effective actions to reduce children's behavioral/emotional problems and improve social applicability.