Objective To develop a new quantitative analytical method for determination of fluoroacetamide,a kind of raticides,in blood and urine samples using solid-phase extraction combined with GC/MS.Methods Using acetamide as the internal standard,extraction column and extraction conditions of fluoroacetamide from blood and urine samples were optimized by comparing the extraction efficiency of different solid-phase extraction columns and the effects of experimental conditions on recovery.By means of the quantitative relation between the ratio of characteristic ion peak areas of fluoroacetamide to acetamide a novel analytical method for determination of fluoroacetamide concentration was established by quantitative GC/GM technique.Results The ratio was proportional to the concentration of fluoroacetamide ranging from 5.0 to 90?g/ml with silica gel column extraction,and the detection limit was estimated to be 1.0?g/ml.The average recovery of fluoroacetamide in blood sample was 91.6%.The standard deviation was less than 7.3%.Conclusion The analytical results were in conformity with those obtained by the classical method,which could satisfy the requirement for quantitative measurement of fluoroacetamide in samples from practical cases.

Objective: To study therapeutic action of Chinese drugs on fibrosis of liver due to chronic hepatitis. Methods: The treatment group (n=40) were treated by Chinese drugs for removing pathogenic heat from the blood and toxic material from the body, and nourishing the kidney and liver, and the control group(n=30) were treated by Aotaile Infusing Powder and Dahuang Zhechong Bolus for 6 months. Changes of indexes of fibrosis of liver were investigated. Results: After treatment, serum hyaluronic acid (HA), laminin(LM), type Ⅳ collagen peptide, and type Ⅲ collagen peptide decreased in the treatment group as compared with those in the control group (P

Objective To investigate in vitro effects of tanshinoneⅡA on the autophagy of A375 melanoma cells and related signaling pathway. Methods Some cultured A375 cells were divided into 5 groups to be treated with tanshinoneⅡA at concentrations of 0.5, 1, 2 and 4 mg/L, and DMEM containing 0.1% dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), respectively, for 24, 48, 72 hours. Methyl thiazol tetrazolium (MTT) assay was performed to estimate the proliferative activity of A375 cells. Some cultured A375 cells were divided into 4 groups to be treated with 1, 2 and 4 mg/L tanshinone ⅡA(1?, 2?and 4?mg/L tanshinone group), and DMEM containing 0.1% DMSO (control group), respectively, for 48 hours. Then, flow cytometry was conducted to count autophagosome?positive cells, and Western blot analysis to determine protein expression of autophagy?associated proteins Beclin?1, microtubule?associated protein 1 light chain 3 (LC3)?Ⅱ, phosphatidylinositol 3?kinase(PI3K), protein kinase B(Akt), mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR)and p70 ribosomal protein S6 kinase 1(p70S6K1). Results MTT assay showed that 24?, 48?, 72?hour treatments with tanshinone ⅡA at concentrations of 0.5, 1, 2 and 4 mg/L all could inhibit the proliferative activity of A375 cells, and the inhibitory effects increased in a dose? and time?dependent manner(F = 2 564.12, 1 235.25, both P < 0.05). The percentage of autophagosome?positive cells and protein expression of Beclin?1 and LC3?Ⅱincreased gradually and significantly in the 1?, 2?and 4?mg/L tanshinone groups(autophagosome?positive cells: 6.91% ± 0.35%, 13.11% ± 0.73%, 25.51% ± 0.83%, respectively; Beclin?1: 0.33 ± 0.01, 0.53 ± 0.04, 0.63 ± 0.02, respectively; LC3?Ⅱ: 0.41 ± 0.01, 0.52 ± 0.02, 0.64 ± 0.02, respectively), after 48?hour treatment, which were significantly different between the tanshinone groups(all P<0.05), and higher in the tanshinone groups than in the control group(0.41%±0.02%;0.09 ± 0.02;0.21 ± 0.01, all P<0.05). However, the protein expression of PI3K, phosphorylated Akt(p?Akt), p?mTOR and p?p70S6K1 in the PI3K?Akt?mTOR?p70S6K1 signaling pathway decreased gradually and significantly with the increase in tanshinone concentrations after 48?hour treatment, and were significantly lower in all the tanshinone groups than in the control group (all P < 0.05). Conclusion Tanshinone ⅡA can promote the auophagy of A375 cells, likely by blocking the PI3K?Akt?mtTOR?p70S6K1 signaling pathway.

Objective To analyze the impact and quality of life of minimally invasive surgery combined with catheter attract surgery on patients with cerebral hemorrhage.Methods A total of 90 patients with cerebral hemorrhage in our department from February 2013 to De-cember 2014 were randomly divided into invasive group and the control group.Minimally invasive surgery group were given to cerebral hemor-rhage minimally invasive surgery combined with catheter attract surgery,the control group received traditional craniotomy.The postoperative recovery,nerve function scores,quality of life and morbidity between two groups were compared.Results The operation time and edema vol-ume of tissue postoperative 7 days in minimally invasive surgery group was significantly lower than those of the control group.The hematoma clearance rate 1 day after surgery was higher than that of control group,with statistically significant difference(P <0.05).NIHSS scores of two groups were gradually decreased 7 d,15 d,30 d after surgery(P <0.05).NIHSS scores of the minimally invasive surgery group 7 d,15 d, 30 d after surgery were lower than that of control group,with statistically significant difference(P <0.05).The scores of vitality,physiological function,physical function,general health,bodily pain,emotional function,social function,mental health after 6 months of the surgery in the min-imally invasive group was higher than those of control group,with statistically significant difference(P <0.05).The rate of postoperative pulmo-nary infection,electrolyte imbalance,gastrointestinal bleeding in MIS group were lower than those in the control group,with statistically signifi-cant difference(χ2 =5.400 0,4.405 7,4.615 4,P <0.05).Conclusion Minimally invasive surgery combined with catheter attract surgery can improve neurological function and quality of life for patients with intracerebral hemorrhage, and reduce the incidence of complications.

Objective To evaluate effects of tanshinone ⅡAon the invasion and migration of melanoma A375 cells,as well as on the mRNA and protein expression of CXC chemokine receptor type 7 (CXCR7).Methods In vitro cultured A375 cells were divided into 4 groups to be treated with tanshinone ⅡA at different concentrations of 1,2 and 4 mg/L,and 0.1％ dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) (control group) for 48 hours,respectively.Wound scratch assay and Transwell invasion assay were conducted to estimate the migratory and invasive abilities of A375 cells,respectively,and real-time fluorescence-based quantitative PCR (qRT-PCR) and Western blot analysis to determine the mRNA and protein expression of CXCR7 in A375 cells,respectively.Results After 48-hour treatment,the 1-,2-and 4-mg/L tanshinone ⅡA groups showed significantly decreased number of A375 cells crossing the polycarbonate membrane per high-power field (× 200) (71.00 ± 4.00,51.00-± 2.00 and 37.00 ± 3.61,respectively) in Transwell invasion assay,as well as decreased number of A375 cells migrating to the scratch zone (301 ± 3.00,253.00 ± 3.61 and 126.00 ± 7.00,respectively) in wound scratch assay,compared with the control group (105.33 ± 6.51,332.00 ± 6.24,respectively,all P ＜ 0.05).Additionally,qRT-PCR and Western blot analysis revealed that the mRNA and protein expression of CXCR7 was significantly lower in the 1-,2-and 4-mg/L tanshinone ⅡA groups than in the control groups (CXCR7 mRNA:0.63-± 0.04,0.44 ± 0.02 and 0.31 ± 0.01 vs.1.00 ± 0.02;CXCR7 protein:0.573 ± 0.015,0.416 ± 0.011 and 0.260-± 0.055 vs.0.9000 ± 0.010;all P ＜ 0.05).Moreover,inhibitory effects of tanshinone ⅡA on the migration and invasion of A375 cells,as well as on the mRNA and protein expression of CXCR7,were significantly enhanced with the increase of tanshinone ⅡA concentrations (all P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Tanshinone ⅡA can inhibit the migratory and invasive abilities of melanoma A375 cells by down-regulating CXCR7 expression.

Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry(DEXA),scanning electron microscopy,and bone biomechanical test were used to assess comprehensively bone quantity and quality of ovariectomized rats. In OVX rats,not only bone mineral density (BMD) of lumbar vertebrae in vivo and vitro,but also BMD of femora (except for R3 region) and proximal metaphysis(R1 region) in vitro decreased obviously (P<0.01)，whose bone loss rates of L5 and L6 were the highest and achieved 13%; the trabeculae of OVX rats were few，fine, and discontinued and there were lacunae on the surface;in OVX rats,both compressive strength of vertebral bodies and the mechanical properties of femora decreased;the falling degree of the former was greater;the maximal compressive power of lumbar vertebrae decreased with 33.32%. We conclude that after 4-month post-ovariectomy, the bone quantity and quality of six-month-old rats decreased, especially in the area of abundant cancellous bone such as vertebral bodies,distal femora; the assessment of the efficiency of new drugs to prevent and treat postmenopausal osteoporosis using rat models should include these drugs' effects to the bone mass, the bone structure, and the bone strength.

Objective To discuss the psychological behavior intervention methods on reducing the violence behavior of schizophrenia patients. Methods 120 schizophrenia patients were admitted from January to December, 2007 and randomly assigned into the behavior intervention group (group A), the psy-chological support group (group B), the health education group (group C) and the control group (group D) with 30 cases in each group. Group A received routine nursing plus behavior intervention, group B was giv-en routine nursing plus psychological support, group C adopted routine nursing plus health education, group D only received routine nursing. The intervention effect was evaluated with MOAS and the relapse rate of violence behavior went through statistics. Results After intervention, the scores of MOAS decreased sig-nificantly in group A, B, C and D compared with those before intervention. The reduction of MOAS scores in group A, B and C was significantly higher than that of group D, with the highest reduction score in group A and group B and C followed subsequently. The relapse rates of the violence behavior in group A, B and C were significantly lower than those of group D. Conclusions Routine nursing, health education, psycho-logical support and behavior intervention can all reduce and decrease the violence behavior and the inci-dence of the violence behavior, among which behavior intervention proves to be the most effective, and psy-chological support and health education go subsequently.

Objective To explore the effect of ultra-early hyperbaric oxygenation (HBO) on bone calcium, biomechanical properties and bone collagen of femur in rats with complete spinal cord transaction. Methods A total of 75 Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided in-to sham group (n=15), model group (n=20) and HBO group (n=40). HBO group was divided into three hours group (HBO1 group, n=20) and twelve hours group (HBO2 group, n=20). All groups underwent laminectomy at T10, while the model group, HBO1 group and HBO2 group underwent complete spinal cord transection at the same level. Three hours and twelve hours after surgery, HBO1 group and HBO2 group received HBO, respectively, for three courses with ten days in a course. After treatment, the femoral biomechanical properties, bone calcium and hydroxyproline (Hyp) were determined. The morphology of bone trabecula and the bone collagen was observed with HE stain-ing and Masson triad color staining, respectively. Results After treatment, compared with the sham group, the femoral biomechanical proper-ties, the content of bone calcium and Hyp decreased in the model group (P<0.05);compared with the model group and HBO2 group, they in-creased in HBO1 group (P<0.05). The number of bone trabecula and the bone collagen decreased, and derangement and sparseness were ob-served in the model group;however, the changes were substantially mild in HBO1 group. Conclusion Ultra-early HBO could increase the content of bone calcium and Hyp of femur, improve the morphology of the femur bone collagen, and improve the femoral biomechanical properties in rats with complete spinal cord transection.

Objective To investigate the association between ankylosing spondylitis (AS) in Han population from Hunan province of China and polymorphism located at the position nt587 in the tumor necrosis factor receptor Ⅱ ( TNFR Ⅱ ) gene.Methods Correlation analysis was performed in a case-control of 100 AS cases and 100 healthy control.The SNPs located in the TNFR Ⅱ gene ( TNFR Ⅱ nt587 ) was examined by polymerase chain reaction restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP).With the SPSS software,the relationship between AS and frequencies of genotype and alleles in TNFR Ⅱ nt587 were analyzed.Results There were 43 cases with TNFR Ⅱ nt587 T/T genotype,32 cases with TNFR Ⅱ nt587 T/G genotype and 25 cases with TNFR Ⅱ nt587 G/G genotype in the AS cases.While in the healthy control,there were 56 cases with TNFR Ⅱ nt587 T/T genotype,34 cases with TNFR Ⅱ nt587 T/G genotype and 10 cases with TNFR Ⅱ nt587 G/G genotype.At the same times,the allele frequencies of G in AS group was significantly higher ( x2 =8.734,P=0.003 ) than the control group (41.0％ vs.27.0％ ).The odds ratio in AS cases with TNFR Ⅱ nt587 G/G genotype was 3.256,which higher than those with G/G ( OR =1.226) genotype and T/T genotype compared the healthy control.Conclusion The study demonstrates that polymorphism within the TNFR Ⅱ at the position nt587 is associated with AS and TNFR Ⅱ nt587 G may play an important role in AS susceptibility,and TNFR Ⅱ nt587 G/G genotype may increase the sicken risk of AS in Hunan population.

The examination is the very important component of course of higher vocational and technical education, which relates to the teaching quality. In order to improve the effect of learning and reinforce the students to master practical skills, according to the problems existing in the examination, combined with the 5 years teaching experiences of our college, this paper gives some advices about the examination in the course of Clinical Occupational Therapy.