A 50?year?old woman presented with intermittent dull pain in the forehead and mild dizziness occasionally after her forehead was subjected to a mild bump accidentally 20 days prior to the presentation, and was diagnosed with angioneurotic headache in a local hospital. After the treatment with oral sibelium tablets, the condition wasn′t relieved obviously. Computed tomography (CT) scan showed multiple localized bone destruction and low?density area in the frontal and bilateral parietal bones with adjacent soft tissue swelling. Magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)revealed equal T1 signals and slightly long T2 signals for multiple nodules in the frontal and bilateral parietal bones, high signals on diffusion?weighted imaging (DWI), obvious enhancement on contrast?enhanced MRI, and linear enhancement in adjacent meninges. Whole?body bone scintigraphy showed multiple increased radionuclide uptake in the skull. Laboratory examination demonstrated that specific antibodies to Treponema pallidum (Tp) were positive, and the serum rapid plasma reagin(RPR)titer was 1∶128. Cerebrospinal fluid(CSF)examination showed normal CSF pressure, nucleated cell counts(8 × 106/L)and glucose level(4.0 mmol/L), slightly high chloride flux(129.1 mmol/L), high protein level(0.9 g/L), high CSF?RPR titer of 1∶16 and presence of specific antibodies to Tp. Histopathological examination revealed hyperemia of adjacent tissues in the cranial osteolytic area, hyperplasia of interstitial fibrous tissue, endothelial cell swelling, and infiltration of inflammatory cells mainly containing plasma cells. The treatment regimen for neurosyphilis was given, and headache was relieved after 1 week of treatment, basically disappeared after 2 weeks, and completely disappeared after 4 weeks, and no similar headache occurred thereafter. Finally, the patient was diagnosed with acquired syphilitic skull osteomyelitis complicated by syphilitic meningitis.

Objective:To investigate the efficacy and safety of cladribine-based regimen for treatment of refractory/relapsed acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL).Methods:The clinical data of 11 patients with refractory/relapsed ALL treated with 1 course of CLAG (cladribine+cytarabine+granulocyte colony-stimulating factor) regimen from January 2018 to July 2022 were retrospectively analyzed. The efficacy and safety were summarized.Results:Among the 11 patients with refractory/relapsed ALL, there were 7 males and 4 females with a median age of 28 years (4-58 years). There were 8 cases of B-ALL, 1 case of acute mixed cell leukemia, and 2 cases of acute early precursor T-lymphocytic leukemia; 1 patient had TP53 mutation, 2 patients had NOTCH1 mutation, 2 patients had KRAS mutation, and 2 patients had NRAS mutation; 1 case had hyperdiploid chromosome and 1 patient had complex chromosome karyotype. Among the 11 patients, 4 cases received CLAG + liposomal doxorubicin,1 case received CLAG + idarubicin (IDA) + etoposide regimen, 1 case received CLAG + etoposide regimen, and 1 case received CLAG + pegaspargase injection+etoposide regimen, 1 case received CLAG + methotrexate + etoposide regimen,1 case received CLAG + liposomal doxorubicin + daratumumab regimen, 1 case received CLAG + IDA regimen,and 1 case received CLAG + chidamide. Among the 11 patients, 5 cases achieved complete remission, 1 case achieved partial remission and 5 achieved non-remission. The main adverse effects were severe myelosuppression (11 cases), agranulocytosis accompanied with fever (6 cases), septicemia (3 cases), and no treatment-related death occurred.Conclusions:cladribine-based regimen is effective in treating refractory/relapsed ALL. It has favorable safety and tolerance for patients.