Objective To study whether mechanical noise acting on the sacculus could enhance the SNR of the 8th nerve’s response.Methods Driving PZT by adding white noise of various level to periodic signals(f=100 Hz),the directly mechanical stimuli was give to the five sacculus submerged in a solution containing perilymph-like, and the afferent activity the 8th nerve was recorded.Results The SNR of the nerve signal was improved by addition nanometer-level noise to the periodic stimuli in all responsive animal(4.1 dB, on average).It was found that 2.3 nm of mechanical noise enhanced the response of the saccular nerve.Conclusion The addition of a few nanometers of noise to a periodic stimuli leads to a substantial improvement in the SNR of the nerve’s response.

Objective To discuss the surgical outcomes of atrial septal defects(ASD) by closing the ostium secundum via small chest incision.MethodsTotally 41 cases with ASD were treated by occlusion via a small incision(3-4 cm) at the right anterior chest.After cutting the pericardium,the right atrial was sutured with double ring and a special occluding device was inserted to close the ostium.Afterwards,under the guidance of transthoracical or transesophageal echocardiography,the satisfiable position for the occluder was confirmed by repeated testing with the protect string.After that,the right atrial and the occluder were sutured by a needle thread for fixation.ResultsOf the patients,the procedure was successfully completed in 39 cases.The mean operation time was 45 to 95 minutes(mean,60 minutes).The patients were discharged from our hospital in 3 to 6 days.No dislocation of the device or atrial shut was found in 2 to 24 months after the operation.Two patients were converted to open surgery because of failure in the occlusion.ConclusionOcclusion via small chest incision is safe,minimally invasive,and convenient procedure for ASD.

Objective To evaluate the clinical application of high-frequency ultrasound-guided Mammotome Breast Biopsy System in the biopsy of breast microcalcification.Methods The sterotactic biopsy of microcalcification in breast was performed under the guidance of high-frequency ultrasonography in 24 patients.Results The location of the lesion was accurately determined in all the 24 patients.Pathological findings showed malignant breast tumors in 3 patients(12.5%) and benign breast diseases in 21 patients(87.5%).The malignant tumors included ductal carcinoma in situ in 2 patients and invasive ductal carcinoma in 1 patient.The benign diseases included cystic lobular hyperplasia in 9 patients,ductal hyperplasia and dilation in 6 patients,galactophore cirrhosis in 5 patients,and intraductal papilloma in 1 patient. Conclusions Use of the Mammotome Breast Biopsy System under the guidance of high-frequency ultrasonography is a safe and effective option for the diagnosis of impalpable breast lesions.

Objective To observe the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-1 (VEGFR-1) and VEGFR-2 in hypoxic chorioretinal endothelial cells of monkeys (RF/6A),and to evaluate the effect of minocycline.Methods RF/6A was cultured and divided into four groups:control group,hypoxia group,hypoxia and low dose of minocycline group (0.5 μmol/L),hypoxia and medium dose of minocycline group (5 μmol/L),and hypoxia and high dose of minocycline group (50 μmol/L).Real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and immunohistopathological staining were used to measure the mRNA and protein expression of VEGFR-1 and VEGFR-2,respectively.Results RT-PCR showed that the expression of VEGFR-1 mRNA did not vary significantly between groups (F24 h =0.17,F48 h =1.53,F72 h =2.04; P＞0.05).Compared with hypoxia group,the expression of VEGFR-2 mRNA in all minocycline treated groups were significantly down-regulated (low minocycline,medium minocycline,high minocycline:t=4.69,20.16,17.12; P＜0.001).The immunohistopathological study showed the cells with positive staining of VEGFR-1 can be observed in all groups,and the staining was relatively weak and mainly located in cell membrane and cytoplasm.The optical density value analysis showed that the protein expression of VEGFR-1 did not vary significantly between groups at all time points(F24 h =0.251,F48 h=0.340,F72 h =0.589; P＞0.05).The VEGFR-2 positive staining cells were also observed in all groups,and the staining was relatively high.Brown staining particles of VEGFR-2 were observed in the cell membrane with minor staining particles in cytoplasm.The staining density of VEGFR-2 was significantly higher in hypoxia group than control group.Compared with the hypoxia group,the protein expression of VEGFR 2 in minocycline treated groups was significantly lower (F24 h =19.147,F48 h =14.893,F72 h =11.984; P＜0.05).Conclusion The expression of VEGFR-2 is up-regulated in RF/6A,and minocycline somewhat shows an inhibition effect.

Objective To study the curative effect of breast-conserving therapy in patients with breast cancer.Methods 100 cases with breast cancer were divided into breast-conserving therapy 50 cases and radical therapy 50 Cases.The primary manner was wide excision of tumor and dissection of axillary lymph node.Adjuvant radiotherapy,chemotherapy and incretion treatment were given postoperatively.Results In 100 cases of breast cancer,the surviral of 83 cases(83.0%),17 patients(17.0%)died,30 cases(30.0%)of metastasis,local recurrence in 13 cases (13.0%);ER,PR-positive are 62 cases(62.0%),both wholly negative in 18 cases(18.0%),ER-positive only 12cases(12.0%),only 8 cases(8.0%)of PR positive;comparing two groups,survival and recurrent rate had no significant difference(X2=3.503,X2=4.284,P＞0.05),metastasis rate was significant different(X2=6.789,P＜0.05);satisfaction degree was 99.0% more than 12 months,and got ideal appearance was over 90%.Conclusion Breastconserving therapy can get long-term effect like Auchineol's.Breast-conserving therapy can gain good cosmetic resuits.

ObjectiveTo explore the effects of different doses of PcTx1,a specific blocker of acid-sensing ion channel 1a,on global cerebral ischemia/repedfusion (I/R) injury in rats,MethodsSixty adult male Sprague Dawley rats (weighing 250-300 g) were randomly divided into 6 grups ( n =10 each):sham operation group (group S),I/R group,different doses of PcTx1 ( 10 ng/ml,group P1 ; 25 ng/ml,group P2 ; 50 ng/ml,group P3 ;and 500 ng/ml,group P4 ) groups.Global cerebral ischemia was induced by the modified procedure of Pulsinelli 4-vessel occlusion.In groups P1,P2,P3 and P4,different doses of PcTx1 ( 10,25,50 and 500 ng/ml),6 μl each,were respectively injected into the lateral cerebral ventricle at the initiation of reperfusion,while equal volume of double distilled water was injected instead in group I/R.Six rats in each group were sacrificed at 24 h of reperfusion,and the brains were immediately removed,Thereafter,the contents of malondialdehyde (MDA),reduced glutathione (GSH) and ritric oxide (NO),the activities of constitutive NO synthase (eNOS) snd inducible NO synthase (iNOS) were detected in hippocampus.Four rats in each group were sacrificed at 72 h of reperfusion,and hematoxylin and eosin staining was used to observe the pathomorphological changes of the hippocampal neurons.ResultsCompared with group S,the other groups showed decreases in the contents of GSH,while increases in the contents of MDA and NO and the activities of cNOS and iNOS ( P ＜ 0.05 or 0.01 ).The contents of GSH increased,while the contents of MDA and NO and the activities of cNOS and iNOS decreased in groups P2,P3 and P4 compared with group I/R ( P ＜ 0.05 or 0.01).Compared with group P1,the contents of GSH increased,the contents of MDA and the activities of cNOS decreased in groups P2,P3 and P4,and the contents of NO and the activities of iNOS decreased in groups P3 and P4 ( P ＜ 0.05 or 0.01 ).Compared with group P2,the activities of iNOS decreased in groups P3 and P4(P ＜ 0.05 or 0.01).The damage to neurons in hippocampal CAI was severe in groups I/R and P1,but it was attenuated in groups P3 and P4.ConclusionPcTx1 25,50 and 500 ng/ml (6 μl)injected into lateral cerebral ventricle can attenuate global cerebral I/R injury in rats,and the dose 50 ng/ml (6 μl) is more suitable.

Objective To explore the changes and the tendency of breast cancer radiotherapy in China within the past decade.Methods A survey on breast cancer radiotherapy in 1 999 and 2006 was conducted in 4 hospitals located within the southeast coastal region of China,including patients'clinical characteristics,the purpose of radiotherapy and its techniques.Results The percentage of breast conservative treatment(BCT)increased from 3%in 1999 to 13%in 2006.For radiotherapy techniques in 2006 compared with 1999,the growth trend was found in use of breast immobilization devices(80% vs.46%),treatment planning system(70% vs.23%),and CT simulation(14%vs.0).The frequency was increased in the chest wall irradiation after masteetomy(90%vs.67%),but decreased in internal mammary region(30%vs.76%)and axilla(37%vs.69%)treatment.There were no differences in total dose and fractionation prescription.Conclusions BCT was performed more frequently,but postmastectomy radiotherapy was still essential option in China at present.Although some advanced techniques were applied frequently in clinical practice.Simulation,treatment planning,and irradiation target design were urgent for improvement and standardization.

Objective To investigate the dynamic changes of cardiomyocyte apoptosis and Caspase-12 activation after coronary microembolization (CME) in rats. Methods The CME models were produced by injection of 42 μm microspheres (3000/0.1 ml) into the left ventricle during clampinduced ascending aorta occlusion for 10 seconds in adult male Sprague-Dawley rats (CME group).The sham-operation group was injected with saline instead (S group). The survivors were randomly divided into five groups: 3 h, 6 h, 12 h, 24 h and 4 weeks (n=10, each), respectively. In addition,10 rats were designed as normal control group. Cardiomyocyte apoptosis was detected by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) staining. The expressions of Caspase-3, 12 and procaspase-3 and 12 were detected with Western-blot analysis. The activity of Caspase-12 was determined with fluorometric assay kit. Results (1)Compared with the shamoperation group and normal control group, the apoptosis rates of cardiomyocytes in CME group were significantly increased at each time point respectively (all P＜0.05). Apoptotic cardiomyocytes were found mainly in the border zones and infarct foci. The apoptosis rates of cardiomyocytes at 3 h, 6 h,12 h, 24 h and 4 weeks after CME were (1.76±0.68)%, (3.17±1.26)%, (1.34±0.12)%,(1.07±0.65)% and (0.30±0.13)%, respectively. The apoptosis rates of cardiomyocytes increased at 3 h after CME, peaked at 6 h after CME (all P＜0.05), and then gradually decreased with lowest value at 4 weeks (all P＜0.01). (2)Compared with sham-operation group and normal control group,the relative activation level of Caspase-3 and 12 in CME group increased remarkably (all P＜0.05).The time courses of Caspase-3 and 12 expressions corresponded well to those of cardiomyocyte apoptosis after CME. Conclusions The amount of cardiomyocytes apoptosis is significantly increased after CME. Caspase-12 may be involved in the apoptosis of cardiomyocyte after CME.

Objective To observe the correlation between long-term chronic pharyngitis and rheumatic heart vavular disease (RHD) caused by to long-term latent chronic rheumatic activity and to understand the progressive course of rheumatic heart vavular disease. Methods In 1126 cases with chronic pharyngitis, 319 cases with serum antistreptolysin O (ASO) level between 400-500 U/ml were followed-up. ASO, creatine kinase enzyme MB (CK-MB) and echocardiography were measured for follow-up since 1986. Of the 319 cases, 158 were male and 161 were female with the average age of 29.4 years old. By the end of 2009, 6 cases were lost during follow up, data of 313 cases including 155 male patients and 158 female patients whose average age was 49.6 were analyzed. As the number of every kind of rheumatic heart vavular lesion was so fewer for statistical analysis that the data were only listed in tables. The student's t test was performed to compare of the ASO, CK-MB between the group with vavular lesionss and the group without vavular lesion. Results ①Of the 313 cases, 9 cases suffered from rheumatic fever at the fourth year since 1986, and 29 cases had rheumatic fever 1, 2 or 3 years after the ASOs decreased to lower than 400 U/ml and no one developed heart valvular lesion.②Two hundred and seventy-five cases whose ASO in the range of 400-500 U/ml but with normal CK-MB were found by the end of 5, 10, 15, 20 years, 9, 42, 65, 78 cases had developed heart vavular diseases respectively. ③ The levels of CK-MB in the heart valvular disease groups were significantly higher than those in the non-vavular disease group, while the levels of ASO were not. Conclusion Some of the cases suffering from long-term chronic pharyngitis can have high levels of ASO, but with normal CK-MB. These patients may have latent long-term chronic rheumatic activity and develop rheumatic heart valvular disease years later.

AIM:To optimize the flocculation-clarification process of Danshen aqueous extract.METHODS:Based on the single factor experiment,the turbidity of the index components danshensu,protecatechnic aldehyde concentration in the Danshen aqueous extract after flocculation were choose among the kinds and amount of flocculant and flocculation temperature.RESULTS:The turbidity of the chitosan-treated supernatant was lower than that of the ZTC1+1Ⅱ-treated ones,and this treatment can mitigate the membrane fouling better.CONCLUSION:Chitosan is superior to ZTC1+1Ⅱ as the flocculant of the Danshen aqueous extract.