Objective: Our aim was to evaluate the role of TGF-β1 mRNA in pulmonary fibrosis. Methods: The present study was taken to investigate the expressions of TGF-β1 mRNA in alveolar macrophage（AM) and lung tissues in different stages of bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis in rats through reverse transcript polymerase chain reaction. Results: In bleomycin-treated rats, the expressions of TGF-β1 mRNA was remarkably increased in AM from 3rd day (P< 0.05) , and reached the peak on 7th day (P<0.01) , there was also a continuing high level from 14th day to 28th day (P>0.05). It showed similar pattern with that in lung tissues. Conclusion: There were TGF-β1 mRNA expression in both normal rats and pulmonary fibrosis rats. AMs seemed to be the main source of TGF-β1 mRNA in lung tissues, especially at stage of alveolitis.

AIM: To evaluate the role of alveolar macrophage(AM)lipid peroxidation in bleomycin(BLM)-induced TNF-? and PDGF release from AM in rats. METHODS: Male SD rats were intratracheally instilled with saline or BLM(5 mg/kg body weight), and AM were isolated and analyzed for malondialdehyde (MDA) and glutathione peroxidase(GSH-Px) following 1,3,7,14 or 28 day (s).Simultaneously, TNF-? and platelet-derived growth factor(PDGF) were also determined in AM-conditoned media by ELISA and bioassay respectively. RESULTS:(1) MDA in AM was markedly increased on day 1,peaked on day 3 and then decreased to near control level on day 7; on the other hand, GSH-Px activity in AM were decreased to non-detectable levels during day 1-7 after BLM instillation, returned to the control level by day 14. (2) TNF-? and PDGF were increased significantly from the third day on and then exhibited a consectutive changes.(3)AM lipid peroxidation preceded TNF-? and PDGF release. CONCLUSION: Prior oxidative changes leading to AM lipid peroxidation,depletion of antioxidative pool might be essential for the subsequent mediators release in BLM-induced pulmonary fibrosis.

AIM: To investigate the influence and mechanism of recombinant interleukin-13 (rIL-13) on fibroblasts. METHODS: 3T3 fibroblasts were divided into two groups: the treated group was treated with rIL-13 (80 ?g/L, 24 h or 48 h) and the control was without rIL-13 treatment. Transmission electron microscope and Hoechst kit were used to observe morphology of 3T3 fibroblasts in both groups. The activity of proliferation in both groups was investigated and compared by MTT means. Western blot was used to analyze the level of collagen type I induced by rIL-13 in fibroblasts. The levels of IL-6 and IL-8 in the culture supernatants were determined by radioimmunoassay. RESULTS: The more ribosomes and mitochondrions, as well as bigger nuclei were found in the treated group. The production of IL-6 and IL-8, and proliferation ratio of fibroblasts treated with rIL-13 for 24 h or 48 h were increased obviously, compared with the control (P

Objective To evaluate the expression of bcl-2, p53, Ki-67 in malignant lymphoma (ML)and the relationship between the expression of bcl-2, Ki-67, p53 and prognosis for the patients who were given autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (AHSCT). Methods The expression of bcl-2,Ki-67, p53 were measured by immunohistochemistry (IHC) on paraffin-embedded slices in 33 cases of ML who received AHSCT. Survival analysis was done by the Kaplan-Meier method and Log-Rank test.Multivariate analysis was carried out using COX proportional hazard model. Results For patients with ML who received AHSCT, the 3-year disease free survival (DFS) of bcl-2(+) group was 35.71%, while that bcl-2(-) group was 88.89 %. There was significant difference of DFS between the two groups. Meanwhile, for these patients, the 3-year DFS of Ki-67(+) and Ki-67(-) were 43.75 % and 85.71%, respectively (P ＜0.05).Multivariate analysis showed that the expression of bcl-2 and Ki-67 were the independent prognostic factors.Conclusion The expression of bcl-2 and Ki-67 were closely related with relapse after AHSCT in patients with ML. They were useful molecular makers for predicting the prognosis of patients with ML after AHSCT.

Objective To study the clinical characteristics and analyze the treatment of primary ocular adnexal lymphoma (POAL). Methods A retrospective review was performed based on the clinical records of 26 POAL cases, who were treated from June 1999 to June 2009. The clinical manifestations,imaging features, diagnosis approaches and treatment of them were analyzed. Results The main symptoms were a slowly growing painless mass, exophthalmia and red eyelid. Mostly, imaging finding shows casting like. 50 % of POAL was at the orbit. 22 patients w ere B-cell origin [13 patients were extranodal marginal zone B-cell lymphoma-mucosal-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma], 2 patients were NK/T cell lymphoma. 76.9 % patients were in stage Ⅰ -Ⅱ. Surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy were most common treatment modalities for POAL. Conclusion Most POAL were low-grade B-cell lymphoma, with MALT by far the most common type. POAL was easy to be misdiagnosed due to non specific clinical manifestations.Imaging finding was helpful to diagnosis, but could not reliably distinguish between benign and malignant. The invasive biopsy is the main diagnosis approach. Radiotherapy had been the standard treatment for low-grade POAL. High-grade or infiltrating peri-orbit need combine chemotherapy. lmmunotherapy and molecular targeted therapy were the direction of future research.

Objective To investigate the clinical features and prognostic factors of primary thyroid lymphoma. Methods Records of 44 patients with pathologically confirmed primary thyroid lymphoma were reviewed. Detailed clinical and laboratory data were included in univariate analysis, and statistically significant factors in univariate analysis were then included in multivariate analysis.Results In univariate analysis, Ann Arbor stage, performance status, IPI, number of extra-lymphatic site, B symptoms, Hb, LDH and β_2-MG level, therapy model, histology type and tumor mass were found to be the prognostic factors associated with overall survival in primary thyroid lymphoma. In multivariate analysis, performance status, IPI, LDH, β_2-MG level, histology type, and tumor mass were independent prognostic factors of overall survival. Conclusion Performance status, IPI, LDH and β_2-MG level, histology type and tumor mass were demonstrated as independent prognostic factors of the overall survival in primary thyroid lymphoma.

AIM To study the epidermal growth factor (EGF) and transforming growth factor ? (TGF ?)and the epidermal growth factor receptor(EGFR)during the course of rats gastric ulcer natural cure expressing and its possible biology meaning. METHODS We injected acetic acid to make the ulcer animal model, location expression characteristic of EGF and TGF ? and EGFR were studied by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS The normal rats stomach mucosa EGF,TGF ? and EGFR all expressed weakly at masculine. EGF and TGF ? was located at cytoplasm,and EGFR expressesed at cytoplasm and cell membrane and the expression position of the three ovrlopped with each other. EGF concentrated mainly on the cervical part of gastric gland, and TGF ? and EGFR, on the cervical and base parts of the gastric gland. Positive 9 expression cells were primarily parietal[FQ(11?46,X-WZ] and neck cells of the stamook muc. For materials taken during the course of ulcer natural recovery, regular ohanges were observed in TGF, TGF ? and EGFR expression. Higher expression was found in ulcer tissunes than in normal tissues, while the expression was not detectable in necrotic tissues and rarely detectable in granlation and scar tissnes. The expression became apparant only during healing and scar stages of ulcer but not in early stage. CONCLUSION ①TGF ?/EGFR autocrine system probably plays a leading role in maintaining rats mucosa completeness under the normal circumstances; ②EGF/EGFR and TGF ?/EGFR autocrine system may have important effect on the differentiation, hyperplasia, moving of cell and restraining the gastric acidity.

Objective: To forecast the risk distribution of inter-animal plague in Meriones unguiculatus effectively and provide scientific evidence for prevention and control of inter-animal plague, through studying the correlation between meteorological and environmental factors and inter-animal plague in Meriones unguiculatus. Methods: Positive data of plague bacterial culture in 30 epidemic source areas of Meriones unguiculatus in the Inner Mongolia plateau from 2005 to 2018, including detecting time, number of bacteria, latitude and longitude or detailed location, host type, were from the Chinese Disease Prevention and Control System Plague Prevention Management Information System and related professional institutions for plague prevention and treatment. Logistic regression was used to explore the relationship between the inter-animal plague and climate-related risk factors. The Maximum Entropy (Maxent) model was used to predict the habitat distributions of inter-animal plague, and the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to validate the model. Results: There were 11 climatic factors including annual mean temperature, isothermality, temperature seasonality, mean temperature of driest quarter, mean temperature of warmest quarter, mean temperature of coldest quarter, annual precipitation, precipitation seasonality, globcover, normalized difference vegetation index and slope, were related to the outbreak of plague among Meriones unguiculatus and included in the model (OR = 1.302, 0.455, 0.957, 0.930, 4.864, 0.179, 0.986, 1.126, 0.992, 0.981, 0.721, P < 0.01). The increase of annual mean temperature, mean temperature of warmest quarter and precipitation seasonality will increase the risk of animal plague in the plague foci of Meriones unguiculatus; the increase of isothermality, temperature seasonality, mean temperature of driest quarter, mean temperature of coldest quarter, annual precipitation, globcover, normalized difference vegetation index, and slope will reduce the risk of animal plague in the plague foci of Meriones unguiculatus. The areas under the curve (AUCs) of the Maxent model training data and test data were 0.988 and 0.985, the prediction effect of the model was better. The habitat distribution of Meriones unguiculatus plague mainly concentrated in the central and northern Ulanqab plateau, Ordos plateau, and eastern Hetao plain. Conclusions The use of Maxent model and climate data can predict the potential risks and spatial distribution of animal plague in Meriones unguiculatus; the results are accurate and reliable.

Objective: To analyze the clinical pathology status of minor differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC). Methods: The clinical pathology data of 107 cases of DTC patients aging≤18 years old who accepted operations at Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital from January 2000 to December 2016 were collected. There were 27 males and 80 females, aged (15.4±2.7) years (range: 6 to 18 years). And a randomly selected sample′s data was collected as control group, concluded 110 adult DTC patients. There were 35 males and 75 females, aged (43.2±11.8) years (range: 21 to 77 years). The clinical and pathological data of the two groups were retrospectively analyzed. The t test, Mann-Whitney U test, χ² test and Fisher exact test was used to analyze the data, respectively. Results: The minor patients had larger diameter of tumors ((16.5±9.9) mm vs. (8.7±5.1) mm, t=7.369, P=0.000), higher rate of lymph node metastasis (68.2% vs. 50.0%, χ²=7.446, P=0.006) and higher rate of lateral lymph node metastasis (36.4% vs. 11.8%, χ²=18.059, P=0.000) than adult patients. The rate of lateral lymph node metastasis was significantly higher when minor presented multiple fociin primary lesions (54.3% vs. 27.8%, χ²=7.144, P=0.008) than those with single foci lesions. Adult patients presented more capsular invasion than minor patients in primary lesions (55.6% vs. 19.2%, χ²=28.942, P=0.000). Conclusions The minor DTC patients present more progress disease status when they receive operations compared with the adult DTC patients. Minor DTC patients appeared as multiple foci should be alert to lateral lymph node metastasis.