Objective To summarize the experiences of middle pancreatectomy. Methods Eleven female and 4 male with a mean age of 49.4 years (23.8-73.1 years) who underwent middle pancreatectomy from January 2001 to October 2005 were collected. Eight patients with neuroendocrine tumor (non-function of 5 cases), 5 with serous cystadenomas and 2 with mucinous cystadenomas were included. The proximal apical end of pancreas was sutured, while distal end of pancreas was anastomosed to a Roux-en-Y jejunal loop. Results Mean operative time was 275 min (179-370 min), mean length of resected pancreas was 45 mm (30-60 mm) and max diameter of tumor was 23 mm (15-40 mm). Complication after operation was pancreatic fistula 4 cases (26.7%), in which 3 cases (20.0%) had intraabdominal blood. The mean time of follow-up was 23 months (3 months-5 years). one patient was died of multiple organs failure for pulmonary infections in month 3 after operation, and the others were alive without novo-diabetes. Conclusion Middle pancreatectomy is an effective operation for benign and borderline tumors of neck and body of pancreas without a significant increase of postoperative morbidity.

Objective To explore the therapeutic modalities and clinical characters of acute pancreatitis (AP) in the middle or late stage of pregnancy.Methods There were 26 cases of AP in the middle or late stage of pregnancy, among which 18 cases (69.2 %) received conservative therapy, and 8 cases (30.8 %) underwent operation for removal of necrotic tissue and termination of pregnancy.Results Two cases of both fetus and mother death occurred, whereas 24 mothers were cured. 15 (57.7 %) fetuses were healthy but 11(42.3 %) died.Conclusions The women in middle and late stage of pregnancy are inclined to pancreatitis because of hormonal changes, especially in those with history of cholecystitis and cholelithiasis. The main method of management is active non-operative therapy and surgical intervention when necessary, so as to decrease the tragedy of both maternal and fetal death.

Objective To review the experience in perioperalive management of 324 consecutive cases of pancreatico-duodenectomy(PD).Methods The clinical data of 324 cases of PD were analyzed retrospectively.All underwent PD successfully,275 cases received the standard PD,while,49 cases had pylorus preserving PD.Digestive tract reconstruction was done by Child method.Pancreatointestinal anastomosis was performed by pancreas stump intussussception in 303 cases,and end-to-side anastomosis in 21 cases.Results The 30 day mortality rate was 0.3%(1/324).Complicalion rate was 8.0%,included one case of liver dysfunction,7 cases with pancreatic fistula and intraabdomind bleeding,1 case of stenosis of pancreaticoenteral anastomosis,3 cases with pancreatic dysfunction,4 cases with gastroenteral anastomosis ulcer,6 cases with delayed gastric emptying,1 with reflux of bile and 3 with lymphatic fistula.Conclusions Perioperative managemen for pancreaticoduodenectomy is crucial for patient prognosis.Carful perioperative management can decrease postoperative complications and ensure smooth recover of these patients.

Objective The purpose of this study was to discuss the therapies for hemorrage caused by the fissuration of pancreatojejunal stoma and pancreatic leakage after pancreatoduodenectomy.Methods After three cases of pancreatoduodenectomy,the disruptions of pancreatojejunal stoma resulted in serious pancreatic leakage and the hemorrage in abdominal cavity.During all the second operations,the drainage-tube insertions into the main pancreatic ducts were used to lead the pancreatic juice into the neighboring loop of jejunum.Results Afer the operations,the supportive treatment,continuous irrigation of peritoneal cavity and pancreatic enzyme inhabition were given to the patients of these cases and all of the patients were successfully cured.Conclusions The bridge-crossing internal drainage which inserts drainage-tube into the main pancreatic duct was a convenient and effective therapy and method to rescue the hemorrage caused by the fissuration of pancreatojejunal stoma and pancreatic leakage after pancreatoduodenectomy.While the patients' lives were saved,their functions of pancreas were preserved and the qualities of life were improved after the operations.

Objective To investigate the effect of Da-Cheng-Qi decoction on enteric functional disturbance in rats with acute experimental pancreatitis and its potential mechanism. Methods Seventy-two SD rats were randomly divided into sham operation group, acute pancreatitis (AP) group and Da-Cheng-Qi decoction treated group with 24 each. The AP model was induced by retrograde injection of sodium taurocholate (0.1 ml/100 g) into bitiopancreatic duet. Before modeling, the rats in treatment group received Da-Cheng-Qi decoction (2 g/100 g), and the rats in other two groups received 0.9% NaCl solution. The rats were sacrificed at 3, 6 and 12 hours with 8 each, and the blood samples were taken for detecting the level of amylase and the contents of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The colonic tissues 10 cm apart from trans-ligament incluing jejunum, terminal ileum and sigmoid colon were collected for examining the expressions of 5-HT_3 and 5-HT_4mRNA and proteins by RT-PCR and Western blotting respectively. Results ① The levels of serum amylase and 5-HT in AP group and treatment group were significantly higher than those in sham operation group (P<0. 01), but they were lower in treatment group than in AP group at each time points (P<0. 05). The level of 5-HT was increased in the initial stage and then decreased gradually both in AP group and treatment group. ③ The expressions of 5-HT_3 and 5-HT_4 mRNA and proteins were significantly decreased in the jejunum, terminal ileum and sigmoid colon in AP group compared with sham operation group (P<0. 01). Whereas the expressions of 5-HT_3 mRNA and protein,but not 5-HT_4, were increased in the treatment group in comparison with AP group (P<0.05). Conclusions The level of 5-HT is significantly increased in acute pancreatitis, but its receptors (5-HT_3 and 5-HT_4) are decreased, which may induce enteric functional disturbance. The Da-Cheng-Qi decoction may improve enteric dynamic failure by increasing the expression of 5-HT_4 and may be a choice for treatment of acute pancreatitis with enteric dynamic failure

Objective To determine the level and clinical significance of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) and intestinal fatty acid binding protein (iFABP) in patients of severe acute pancreatitis (SAP) with intestinal dysfunction. Methods The serum and urine in 42 cases of SAP with intestinal dysfunction were collected at day 1, 3 and 7 after admission, respectively. The numbers of bowel sounds were recorded. 20 health subjects were selected as the control. Results The numbers of bowel sounds in health subjects were 5.6 ± 2.3/min. The numbers of bowel sounds in SAP patients at day 1,3 and 7 were 2.3 ± 0.7/min, 1.7 ± 0.2/min and 3.1 ± 1.1/min, respectively;which were significantly lower than that in the control group (P < 0.01). The level of 5-HT in the control group was(86.7 ± 9.5)ng/ml, while the levels of 5-HT in the SAP patients at day 1, 3 and 7 were (112.0 ± 17.8) ng/ml, (130.5 ± 19.7) ng/ml, (107.9 ± 16.3) ng/ml. The level of urine iFABP in the control group was (90.5 ± 19.8) pg/ml, while the levels of urine iFABP in the SAP patients were (1250.2 ± 425.3) pg/ml, (1586.9 ± 523.4) pg/ml, (1154.6 ± 394.0) pg/ml. The levels of 5-HT and urine iFABP in the SAP patients all were significantly higher than those in the control group (P <0.01). The levels of 5-HT and urine iFABP in the SAP patients at day 3 were significantly higher than those in the day 1 and day 7, while there was no significant difference between the two groups. Conclusions Determination of serum 5-HT and urine iFABP in patients with early SAP could effectively evaluate the intestinal function, and it may have potential clinical significance.

Objective To investigate the therapeutic effect of Da-Cheng-Qi Decoction on gut dysfunction in patients with severe acute pancreatitis (SAP). Methods Forty-eight SAP patients complicated with gut dysfunction were randomly divided into two groups according to the number of admission, which were treatment group and control group. The therapy in t reatment group was Da-Cheng-Qi Decoction infusion through gastric tube (one paste/day, b. i. d), however the therapy of control group was normal saline infusion through gastric tube (the amount was the same as the former, b. i. d), and other management in the two groups was similar. The first passage of gas by anus and defecation after treatment was observed. Serum amylase, C-reactive protein (CRP), tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-6 were examined before and one week after treatment;complications and mortality were compared between the two groups. Results The first passage of gas by anus and defecation in the treatment group was ( 12.3 ± 5.7 ) h and ( 24.8 ± 11.2 ) h, respectively, and shorter than ( 22. 1 ± 9.7 ) h and 46.2 ± 17.4) h of control group ( P <0.01) ;the numerical values of serum amylase, CRP, TNF-α and IL-6 one week after treatment were ( 120.3 ± 35.8 ) U/L, ( 10.8 ±2.0) ng/ml, (36.3 ± 5.8) U/L and (4.8 ± 1.0) U/L, which were significantly decreased when compared with the values before treatment, and these values were significantly lower than (267.2 ± 78.9 )U/L, ( 19.5 ± 2.7 ) ng/ml, (80.1 ± 9.0) U/L, ( 10.5 ± 1.2 ) U/L of the control group ( P < 0.05 ). The total complications and mortality of treatment group was 12.5% and 4.4%, respectively, which were significantly lower than those in the control group (37.5% and 25%, P <0.05). Conclusions Treatment with Da-Cheng-Qi Decoction in SAPpatients complicated with gut dysfunction was effective to reverse gut dysfunction and reduce total complications and mortality.

Objective The purpose of this study was to determine how to preserve the remaining pancreatic body and tail in the pancreatectomy. Methods In seven cases of pancreatectomy, three of them were the rupture of pancreatojejunal anastomosis, and four of them were the pancreatectomy for tumor in the pancreatic neck or body. During operations, a bridge internal drainages was used to drain the pancreatic juice into the adjacent jejunum. After the operations, the supportive treatment, continuous irrigation of peritoneal cavity and pancreatic enzyme inhibition were used. Results In all seven patients, the remaining pancreatic body and tail were successfully preserved. The endocrine functions of these patients recovered to nearly normal level and patients were discharged. Conclusions In preserving the remaining pancreatic body or tail, the bridge internal drainage has its advantage of convenience. It effectively preserves the exocrine of pancreas as well as its endocrine

Objective: To evaluate the postoperative quality of life after surgery of patients with hepatic hemangioma. Methods: The retrospective and descriptive study was conducted. The clinical data of 104 patients who underwent surgery for hepatic hemangioma at Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University from September 2011 to February 2017 were collected. There were 28 males and 76 females, aged (49±8)years, with a range of 27-78 years. Enucleation of hepatic hemangioma or hepatectomy was selected according to tumor location of patients. Observation indicators: (1) surgical and postoperative situations; (2) assessment of quality of life in patients; (3) assessment of quality of life in patients comorbid with other chronic digestive diseases. Measurement data with normal distribution were represented as Mean±SD, and measurement data with skewed distribution were represented as M (range). Repeated data were analyzed using repeated ANOVA. Count data were represented as absolute numbers. Results: (1) Surgical and postoperative situations: of 104 patients, 67 underwent enucleation of hepatic hemangioma, 37 underwent hepatectomy. The tumor diameter, volume of intraoperative blood loss, duration of postoperative hospital stay were (10±4)cm, 200 mL (range, 10-3 000 mL), (11±5)days. Seven patients had complications, including 5 of massive abdominal ascites, 1 of abdominal infection, and 1 of pulmanory obstruction. There was no death occurred. (2) Assessment of quality of life in patients with hepatic hemangioma: the total scores of Gastrointestinal-related Quality of Life Index (GIQLI), the scores of subjective symptoms, physiological status, mental and psychological status, and social activities were 121.0±8.3, 69.2±4.1, 18.5±2.6, 19.5±1.8, and 13.8±1.4 at preoperation. The above indices were 121.9±6.9, 71.2±3.8, 17.2±2.5, 19.6±2.3, and 13.8±1.3 of 104 patients with hepatic hemangioma at one month after surgery, respectively. The above indices were 127.8±6.2, 73.2±3.6, 19.8±2.5, 20.8±2.4, and 14.1±1.0 at 6 months after surgery. There were significant differences in changing trends of above indices (F=68.4, 64.6, 71.4, 17.8, 3.3, P<0.05). The scores of subjective symptoms and physiological status at one month after surgery showed significant differences compared with those of preoperation (t=-5.780, 6.640, P<0.05), but the total scores of GIQLI, the scores of mental and psychological status, and social activities showed no difference (t=-1.569, -0.705, 0.240, P>0.05). The total scores of GIQLI, scores of subjective symptoms, physiological status, and mental and psychological status at 6 months after surgery showed significant differences compared with those of preoperation (t=-8.897, -9.919, -5.375, -5.024, P<0.05), but the score of social activities showed no difference(t=-1.919, P>0.05). The total scores of GIQLI, the scores of subjective symptoms, physiological status, mental and psychological status, and social activities at 6 months after surgery were significantly different from those at one month after surgery (t=-10.835, -6.787, -12.277, -4.560, -2.476, P<0.05). (3) Assessment of quality of life in hepatic hemangioma patients comorbid with other chronic digestive diseases: 29 of 104 patients were comorbid with chronic gastritis, biliary diseases, and appendicitis. For the 29 patients comorbid with other chronic digestive diseases, the total scores of GIQLI, the scores of subjective symptoms, physiological status, mental and psychological status, and social activities were 117.5±7.5, 67.8±4.2, 17.4±2.2, 19.0±1.5, and 13.2±1.3 at preoperation. The above indices were 118.7±6.9, 69.5±4.5, 16.7±2.0, 19.2±1.9, and 13.2±1.3 at one month after surgery, respectively. The above indices were 124.6±6.5, 70.9±4.5, 19.8±2.1, 19.9±2.4, and 14.0±0.9 of 29 patients comorbid with other chronic digestive diseases at 6 months after surgery. There were significant differences in changing of the total scores of GIQLI, the scores of subjective symptoms, physiological status, and social activities (F=15.0, 9.0, 27.6, 7.5, P<0.05), except the score of mental and psychological status (F=1.6, P>0.05) . The scores of subjective symptoms and physiological status at one month after surgery showed significant differences compared with those of preoperation (t=-2.612, 2.191, P<0.05), but the total scores of GIQLI, the scores of mental and psychological status, and social activities showed no difference (t=-1.128, -0.587, -0.157, P>0.05). The total scores of GIQLI, scores of subjective symptoms, physiological status, and social activities at 6 months after surgery showed significant differences compared with those of preoperation (t=-4.002, -3.441, -4.604, -3.266, P<0.05), but the score of mental and psychologica status showed no difference (t=-1.522, P>0.05). The total scores of GIQLI, the scores of subjective symptoms, physiological status, and social activities at 6 months after surgery were significantly different from those at one month after surgery (t=-4.819, -2.313, -7.081, -3.172, P<0.05), but the score of mental and psychological status had no significant difference (t=-1.154, P>0.05). Conclusions The quality of life in patients with hepatic hemangioma can be improved by surgery. Surgical treatment is still effective for improvement of the total scores of GIQLI, the scores of subjective symptoms, physiological status, and social activities for those combined with other digestive diseases.

Objective To investigate the perioperative risk factors for posthepatectomy liver failure (PHLF) in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).Methods Data of 322 cases of liver resection for HCC were retrospectively analyzed from Sep 2013 to Sep 2018.Logistic regression was used to analyze the risk factors for PHLF.The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to analyze the predictive power of the ALBI score and the Child-Pugh score for PHLF.Results Child-Pugh score,ALBI score,intraoperative bleeding amount,ICG R15 and liver fibrosis,peritoneal effusion were independent factors affecting PHLF of HCC patients(P ＜ 0.05).ROC analysis of Child-Pugh and ALBI scores predicting PHLF showed that area under the ROC was respectively 0.621 (95％ CI:0.531-0.712) in the Child-Pugh score and 0.729 (95％ CI:0.645-0.812)in the ALBI score.The best critical value,sensitivity and specificity of PHLF that were predicted by ALBI score were-2.74,71.7％ and 71.4％,respectively.Conclusions The prognostic power of the ALBI score was greater than that of the Child-Pugh score in predicting PHLF.