Objective To perform NAT testing on samples negative for HBsAg, anti-HCV and anti-HIV by ELISA, and to learn how many infected blood samples could be missed by ELISA tests.Methods Pooling the donor samples by STAR2000 sampling processor and extracting nucleic acid automatically, HBV DNA, HCV RNA and HIV-1 RNA were amplified and detected by Roche COBAS AmpliScreen TM HBV、HCV V2.0 和HIV-1 V1.5 systems. Samples of 8 donors with negative HBsAg but positive HBV DNA were tested by COBAS HBV MONITOR TM for quantitative determinations. HBsAg confirmation tests were done every 2 weeks by ABBOTT Murex HBsAg V3.Results A total of 16320 ELISA negative donor samples were tested and 8 samples were HBV DNA positive. The missing rate was 0.49‰. No HCV RNA and HIV-1 RNA were detected. Those 8 donor samples, negative for HBsAg but positive for HBV DNA,were all positive for HBcAb by ABBOTT,and 3 of them were positive for HbeAb Low serum HBV DNA loads, in the range of 102~103 copies/ml, were found in the 8 donor samples. HBsAg confirmations were performed and one donor became HBsAg positive after 18 weeks.Conclusion The results show that there is 0.49‰ missing rate of HBV with HBsAg screening by ELISA. HBcAb screening or NAT may be warranted in blood donor screening to limit HBV transmission through blood transfusion.The reason for missing HBV positive samples by ELISA could be occult HBV infection.

Objective To observe the changes of hemodynamics during 0 375% ropivacaine epidural anesthesia period,and 0 375% bupivacaine as control in patients have undergoing breast cancer radical operation.Methods Sixty-one patients were randomly designed to receive 0 375% ropivacaine(groupⅠ,n=30)or 0 375% bupivacain(groupⅡ,n=31)epidural anesthesia respectively during breast cancer radical operation.BP,HR and SpO 2 were assessed at 5min,10min,15min and 20min after first full doses.Results The changes of BP,HR and SatO 2 at 5min,10min,15min and 20min after first full doses were obviously lower in groupⅠ than that in groupⅡ(P0 05).No severe adverse event was found during the observation.Conclusions Interference of epidural anesthesia with 0 375% ropivacaine on hemodynamics in breast cancer radical operation is slighter than that of 0 375% bupivacaine.

Objective To investigate the effects of ketamine combined with electroconvulsive shock (ECS) on inflammation and amyloid-beta peptide in hippocampus of depressive rats.Methods Chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) was used to generate animal models of depression.Forty-eight adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into 4 groups (n=12):depression model group (group D),electroconvulsive shock group (group DE),ketamine combined with electroconvulsive shock group (group DKE),and ketamine group (group DK).Rats in group D received sham ECS treatment;rats in group DE received ECS treatment;rats in group DKE were given intraper-itoneal injection of ketamine (100 mg/kg) and then received ECS treatment;rats in group DK were given intraperitoneal injection of ketamine (100 mg/kg) and then received sham ECS treatment.Morris water maze was used to assess the memory abilities of rats.The expression levels of IL-1β and TNF-α were measured by real-time PCR.Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays were used to detect the levels of soluble Aβ.Results Before the administration of ECS or ketamine treatment,there was no significant difference in the escape latencies and space exploration time between the 4 groups (P>0.05).After the ECS and ketamine treatment,rats of group DKE exhibited a shorter escape latencies and a longer space exploration time,and the expression of IL-1β and TNF-α mRNA were down-regulated while the concentration of Aβ1-40 and Aβ1-42 were increased compared with group DE with significant difference (P<0.05).Conclusion Ketamine can alleviate ECS-induced learning and memory impairments in depressive rats.This cognition-protecting effect of ketamine may be attributed to its suppression of ECS-induced neuroinflammation and decrease of the levels of soluble Aβ in the hippocampus of depressive rats.

ObjectiveTo study the clinical value and efficacy of intracranial hemorrhage smashpuncture needle with YL-1 type disposable under CT monitoring in treatment of hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhage.MethodsThe data of 80 cases with hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhage patients who accepted the transcranial puncture under CT monitoring application of YL-1 type disposable intracranial hemorrhage smash puncture needle and drainage of hemorrhage,punctuated with urokinase washout and drainaged residual blood clot.Evaluation criteria:hemorrhage volume reduction,average operation time,preoperative and postoperative Glasgow coma scale(GCS) score,the clinical effect of long-term follow-up.ResultsOperation time was 15-45 (25.0 ± 2.8) minutes;hemorrhage volume was reduced by an average of 30％-80％ (56.8 ± 3.2)％,the average increase of GCS was(2.3 ±0.3) scores,10 cases death in 80 patients,70 survivors' activities of daily living (ADL) assessments:grade ADL 1 in 17 cases ( 24.3 ％ ),grade ADL2 in 36 cases( 51.4％ ),grade ADL3 in 13 cases ( 18.6％ ),grade ADL4 in 3 cases(4.3％ ),grade ADL5 in 1 case ( 1.4％ ).ConclusionsYL-1 type disposable intracranial hemorrhage smash puncture needle under CT monitoring in the treatment of hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhage is a simple,fast and accurate positioning,without craniotomy and blood transfusion,safe and effective operation,but should pay attention to operation indications.

Objective To study the preoperative treatment and prognosis observation? in sensitized recipients of kidney transplantation.Method Forty-one recipients positive for preoperative PRA accepted renal allograft transplantation from January 2007 to July 2012.All recipients were given immunosuppressant or immune induction by anti-CD25rnAb in advance,and plasma exchange,immunoadsorption and intravenous high-dose immune globulin were administered.Meanwhile,donor HLA antigens had to avoid all stored HLA antibodies of the recipient,and lymphocyte cytotoxicity cross test (CDC) had to be negative.Anti-human lymphocyte globulin (ATG) was used to strengthen the immune induction,and tacrolimus + mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) + corticosteroids triple immunosuppressive regimen was adopted after transplantation.Then intravenous micafungin would be given after transplanted kidney function was normal,and ganciclovir and sulfamethoxazole were taken orally to prevent infection.Result In 41 recipients positive for preoperative PRA,13 cases were positive for only HLA class Ⅰ antibodies,15 cases for only HLA class Ⅱ antibodies,and there existed 13 cases of both HLA class Ⅰ and class Ⅱ antibodies also with PRA≥50％.Fifteen patients achieved normal serum creatinine in one week,and no hyperacute rejection and accelerated rejection occurred.Fourteen recipients experienced an episode of acute rejection (34.15％,14/41): 12 recovered by steroids bolus therapy,and the other two reversed in 3-5 days by cyclophosphamide or ATG treatment.One case died of mycotic pneumonia in 4 months later.One-year recipient/kidney survival rate was 97.6％ (40/41).Conclusion The recipients positive for preoperative PRA only can accept renal allograft transplant while the donor's HLA antigens had to avoid all stored HLA antibodies of recipients themselves and CDC test was negative.After that the combination of desensitization therapy,immune induction therapy and postoperative potent immunosuppressant can prevent acute rejection effectively and increase postoperative recipient/kidney survival rate.

OBJECTIVE To investigate and analyze the kinetics of serological marks and virus load of the follow-up blood donors. METHODS The quantitation of HBV DNA of 6 HBsAg negative and DNA positive blood donors was detected by Roche PCR Monitor,and the donors were genotyped and traced by serological tests. RESULTS(Three of 6 follow-up) donor samples were seroconverted after more than 40 days follow-up study.The viral loads were with range of(35-1.8)?10~4 copies/ml,1 of 6 donors had acute infection,the peak load was(1.8?10~4 copies/ml),3 of 6 were with lower level HBV carrier with fluctuating viral load ranged 100-500 copies/ml.One donor had decreasing viral load,when HBsAg converted to positive,virus wasn′t detected.The last one had fluctuating virus load below(100 copies/ml),intermittently falling below the threshold of the assay. CONCLUSIONS It is necessary to implement HBV DNA detection for blood screening,and further strengthen the safety of blood transfusion.

OBJECTIVE: To study optimal formulation process of Rutongning granule. METHODS: The ratio of main components to excipients was optimized with hygroscopicity,granulation and dissolubility index. RESULTS: The optimal ratio of extract powder to saccharose was 1 ∶ 1.5. The made granules were characterized with low hygroscopicity, high granulation,high dissolubility and low cost. And its critical relative humidity was 65%. CONCLUSION: The study provides theory evidence for formulation process of Rutongning granule and the control of production environment.

Objective To study the prognostic value of fragmented QRS (fQRS) in the recurrence of cardiac events in acute STEMI patients underwent emergency percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Methods Ninety-two acute STEMI patients who underwent emergency PCI were enrolled. The presence of fQRS was evaluated by a 12-lead ECG in 72 h after PCI. Cardiac events (myocardial infarction, need for revascularization or cardiac death) and all-cause mortality were recorded in all patients during 12 months follow-up. Results Cardiac event rate[15 (31.3%) vs. 4 (9.1%)]were higher in the fQRS group (n=48) compared with the non-fQRS group (n=44) during a mean follow-up of 12 months. A Kaplan-Meier survival analysis revealed significantly lower event-free survival for cardiac events in the fQRS group (P < 0.004). The results of Cox regression model analysis revealed that signiifcant fQRS was an independent signiifcant predictor for cardiac events (HR 2.19, 95%CI 1.38-3.50, P=0.023). Conclusions The presence fQRS is an independent risk factor for poor prognosis in STEMI patients undergoing emergency PCI.

Objective To determine the diagnostic value of the change of different parts of electrocardiogram in treadmill exercise test (TET) for coronary heart disease (CHD).MethodsFrom Jan.2006 to Mar.2011,445 patients with CHD underwent treadmill exercise test and coronary angiography (CAG) in our hospital.We analyzed retrospectively the diagnostic value of the change of different parts of electrocardiogram in TET test.Results ( 1 ) There were 200 cases who had positive results during treadmill exercise test and 150 cases of them had been diagnosed of CHD by coronary angiography;The other 245 cases had negative results during treadmill exercise test and 39 cases of them had been diagnosed as CHD by coronary angiography.The sensitivity and specificity rates of treadmill exercise test in diagnosis of CHD were 79.36％( 150/189 ) and 80.47％ ( 206/256 ) respectively. ( 2 ) Of the 200 positive cases tested by coronary angiography,150 cases were diagnosed of CHD,including 22,58 and 70 cases with limb,chest and combined chest and limb leads positive results respectively.The positive rates for the groups of combined chest and limb leads and limb ST leads were significantly higher than that of the chest leads only group ( x2:6.34,3.93 ; P ＜0.05).(3)R wave amplitude of the CAG negative group after exercise (17.54 ± 2.52)mm was significantly lower than the CAG positive group ( 19.42 ± 3.46 )mm ( t =6.33,P ＜ 0.05 ).( 4 ) For the 200 cases with positive TET,there were no significant statistical difference ( P ＞ 0.05 ) on CAG positive rate between T wave normalization group [ 73.3％ (44/60) ] with and TET positive group [ 75.0％ (105/140) ].But these two groups had significantly higher ( x2:80.21,132.82 ; P ＜ 0.05 ) CAG positive rates than TET negative group [ 15.9％ (39/245) ].ConclusionThe treadmill exercise test is valuable in noninvasive diagnosis of CHD.The severity of CAG can be preliminarily estimated by analyzing the pattern of the change of different parts of electrocardiogram

Objective To analyze the clinical features of patients with acute ST-elevation myocardial infarction treated with percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) complicating to intraoperative reperfusion arrhythmias (RA).Methods A total of 175 patients with acute ST-elevation myocardial infarction were treated with PCI performed from January 2008 to September 2013.According to the occurrence of RA following PCI,the patients were divided into RA group and non-RA (NRA) group.Comparison of myocardial enzymes,peak troponin,the elevated ST segment returning back,length of hospital stay,incidence of adverse events such as cardiac death,shock,heart failure during hospitalization and within a month of postoperative period was carried out between groups,and the findings from echocardiography on the 30th day after PCI were also compared between two groups.Results PCI time window in RA group was significantly earlier than that of NRA group,and reperfusion arrhythmia was effectively controlled.Compared with NRA group,RA group had greater extent of ST segment normalized,and tbe incidence of adverse events was lower.On the 30th day after PCI,RA group had shorter duration of left ventricular diastole,and reduced left ventricular cavity dimensions and higher ejection fraction (LVEF) value.Conclusions Reperfusion arrhythmias occur immediately after PCI in patients with acute myocardial infarction,but as long as the PCI carried out timely,the prognosis is good.