The transvaginal ultrasonography,sonohyterography and intravenous contrast-enhanced ultrasonography are main ultrasonographic methods in evaluation of endometrial lesions.This article introduces the procedures,limitations,advantages and disadvantages of these three ultrasonographic methods in differential diagnosis of benign and malignant endometrial lesions in postmenopausal women.

Objective　To explore the efficacy of large dose of magnesium sulfate used to treat patients with brain trauma. 　Methods　According to standards 32 patients were chosen and divided into experimental group and control group at random. Sixteen patients in experimental group received 16 mmol magnesium sulfate intravenously over 15 minutes, followed by 65 mmol over 24 hours; while 16 patients in control group received nothing. Serum NSE, GCS and GOS of all the patients were measured after 3 days, 2 weeks and 6 months, respectively and the data were analyzed statistically. 　Results　The serum NSE, GCS and GOS in experimental group were (24.8±19.2) μg/L, 12.3±3.3 and 3.6±1.4, respectively; while the serum NSE, GCS and GOS in control group were (49.7±23.1) μg/L, 9.8±2.8 and 3.1±1.6, respectively. Between the two groups the serum NSE and GCS were different significantly (P<0.01, P<0.05, respectively) while the GOS was not (P>0.05).　 Conclusions　Large dose of magnesium sulfate is effective to treat patients with brain injury at least within a short term.

Aim To purify a small platide inhibiting platelet aggregation from Agkistrodon Acutus snake venom,and to identify its physical and chemical properties and its effects on the platelet aggregation stimulated by ADP, collagen, and thrombin. Methods Extract snake venom through Superdex 75 gel filtration, ultrafiltration and DEAE-Sepharose CL-6B ionexchange. The purified product was identified by HPLC C_ 18 . The molecular weight was determined by SDS-polyacrylamid gel electrphoresis. Platelet aggragation was measured by nephelometry. Results The molecular weight of the peptide was 7 862 u and its purified from Agkistrodon Acutus snake venom is oelectric point was pH 4.29. This peptide dose-dependently inhibited the platelet aggregation induced by ADP,collagen,and thrombin. Conclusion The method has been proved to be successful for the purification of low molecular weight peptide fraction that inhibits platelet aggregation.

BACKGROUND:Umbilical cord blood stem cel s can be differentiated into functional liver cel s in vivo, instead of mature liver cel s in the treatment of liver diseases. OBJECTIVE:To observe the effect of umbilical cord blood stem cel transplantation on decompensated cirrhosis in rats. METHODS:Twenty Sprague-Dawley rats were enrol ed and given 40%carbon tetrachloride peanut oil to make decompensated cirrhosis models. Eight weeks after modeling, model rats were randomized into control and experimental groups (n=10 per group), and subjected to injection of umbilical cord blood stem cel suspension (2 mL, 1.0×107/L) or cel culture medium (2 mL) via the tail vein, respectively. At 4 weeks after injection, levels of serum aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, albumin, total bilirubin, hyaluronic acid, laminin, procol agen III and type IV col agen were detected;rat liver tissues were sliced for pathological observation. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Compared with the control group, the albumin level was significantly increased but the levels of serum aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, total bilirubin, hyaluronic acid, laminin, procol agen III and type IV col agen decreased significantly in the experimental group (P<0.05). From the pathological view, severity of liver cirrhosis was lower in the experimental group than the control group. Therefore, umbilical cord blood stem cel transplantation can effectively restore the liver function of decompensated cirrhosis in rats.

BACKGROUND:Stem cel transplantation is a promising treatment for advanced liver diseases, and adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cels are a hot topic folowing bone marrow mesenchymal stem cels. OBJECTIVE:To explore the therapeutic effect of adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cels transplantationvia the hepatic artery on advanced liver diseases in rats. METHODS:Forty-five rats were randomized into three groups, 15 rats in each group: control group, model group and transplantation group. Rat models of liver cirrhosis were made in the latter two groups through subcutaneous injection of carbon tetrachloride. Then, 1 mL of CFSE-labeled adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cels was infusedvia the hepatic artery in the transplantation group, and the same volume of normal saline was infused in the model group. Control group had no treatment. Pathological changes, liver function and degree of hepatic fibrosis were observed in the three groups at 4 weeks after treatment. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:After transplantation, green fluorescence-labeled adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cels were seen in the liver of rats. Hematoxylin-eosin staining and Masson staining showed unclear hepatic lobule structure in the model group with the formation of false lobules, cel cloudy sweling and loose, some degeneration and necrosis, and inflammatory cel infiltration; in the control group, there was nothing abnormal in the liver tissues of rats in the control group; in the transplantation group, the pathological changes of the rat liver were better than those in the model group, but worse than those in the control group. Compared with the model group, the level of serum albumin was higher in the control and transplantation group (P < 0.05), and the levels of bilirubin, aminotransferase and type IV colagen were lower in the control and transplantation group (P < 0.05). Thus, it can be seen that adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cel transplantation can improve liver function and reduce liver fibrosis in cirrhotic rats.

Objective To design and synthesize derivatives of wanpeinine A, the main steroidal alkaloid isolated from the plant Fritillaria shuchengensis, and further study on the structure-activity relationship of the steroidal alkaloid. Methods Acylation and alkylation were used to synthesize the derivatives and their structures were identified via NMR and MS.Results The acylation of wanpeinine A (1) produced 3β,6α-diacetylwanpeinine A (2), 3β,6α-dipropionylwanpeinine A (3), 3β,6α-dichloracetylwanpeinine A (4), 3β,6α-dibenzoylwanpeinine A (5), and 3β-methoxyacylwanpeinine A (6). The alkylation of wanpeinine A formed 3β,6α-dimethoxymethylwanpeinine A (7). Conclusion All compounds are new except for 3β,6α-diacetylwanpeinine A.

AIM:To study the chemical constituents of leaves of Streblus asper Lour. METHODS:The constituents were isolated by column chromatography and their structures were elucidated through spectroscopic analysis. RESULTS:Seven compounds were isolated and identified as salicylic acid(1),?-sitosterol ( 2 ),?-daucosterol(3),oleanolic acid(4),magnolol(5),quercetin(6),taxifolin(7). CONCLUSION:The compounds are all obtained from the leaves of Streblus asper for the first time.

Objective To observe the expression of PECAM-1 in colorectal cancer in rat and to explore the mechanism of lymphatic metastasis of tumor. Methods Wistar rats were used to make the animal model of primary colorectal cancer,by using HE staining,the cancer type and progression of cancer were devided.By immunohistochemistry staining,the expression of PECAM-1 in tumor tissue,blood vessels and lymphatic vessels were observed. Results PECAM-1 expression in blood vessels and lymphatic vessels were observed in normal tissue,while its expression on tumor tissue and lymphatic vessels decreased according to the cancer progression.Conclusion PECAM-1 may be involved in the early process of tumor cells adhering to the endothelium;decreased expresson of PECAM-1 on lymphatics may be related with lymphangiogenesis and the opening of endothelial junction of lymphatic vessels.

BACKGROUND: Hypertrophic scar results from imbalance between local collagen synthesis and degradation and abnormal aggregation of collagen after burn and trauma.OBJECTIVE: To observe the effects of collagenase on collagen degradation in nude mice with graft of hypertrophic scar and its therapeutic effects on hyertrophic scar.DESIGN: Controlled experiment was designed.SETTING: Department of Rehabilitation and Physical Therapy,Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University of Chinese PLA MATERIALS: The experiment was performed in Experimental Center of the Third Military Medical University of Chinese PLA from July 1995 to April 1997, in which, 10 specimens of hypertrophic scar were employed, collected from the removed hypertrophic scars in Department of Plastic Surgery.All of patients were in the known before the operation. Experimental animals were 15 BACB/C nude mice, of which, 8 mice were male and 7 mice female.Totally 15 mice were grafted with hypertrophic scar tissue, 10 mice of which were survived after once graft; with second graft in the rest mice, 2 mice were survived and 3 mice were dead. The survival nude mice were randomized into experimental group and the control, 6 mice in each one.METHODS: The removed hypertrophic scars in plastic operation were grafted in the wound on the dorsum of nude mice to establish graft model of hypertrophic scar. In experimental group, 1% collagenase was injected locally in scar tissue; in the control group, collagease solvent was injected locally, once a week, for 4 weeks totally. After treatment, the materials were collected for macrogcopic observation and observation and analysis with optic and electronic microscopes.scar tissue before and after treatment.RESULTS: Twelve nude mice were survived after scar graft and all of them entered result analysis, 6 mice of which were in experimental group was smaller in size, thinner in thickness and softer in quality compared staining, Van Gieson's collagenous fiber staining and compound staining on slices, it was displayed that in experimental group, dermal layer became thin, collagenous fiber was unclear in structure and disperse in arrangement, but in the control, the dermal layer of scar tissue was hypertrophic microscopic observation, in experimental group, collagenous fibers were destroyed and unclear in structure, but in the control, collagenous fibers were disturbed in arrangement with distinct strips and clear structure.CONCLUSION: Collagenase degrades collagen of hypertrophic scar,lessens and softens scar, suggesting that local injection of collagease is probably a good therapy for hypertrophic scar.

Objective To express VP1recombinant protein of Echovirus 30 (ECHO30) in E.coli BL21(DE3) and to develop an enzyme-linked immunoassay (EIA) based on the recombinant antigen for detecting antibodies to ECHO30.Methods The target VP1gene was amplified by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR).The PCR products of the gene were inserted into pET44a vector,and then expressed in E.coli BL21( DE3 ).The purified recombinant protein was used for the development of EIA.Results The molecular weight of the recombinant protein was 95 000,and the antigenicity of which was identified by Western blot and EIA.Conclusion The recombinant protein VP1has been successfully expressed and purified,which can be used as diagnostic antigen.