The transvaginal ultrasonography,sonohyterography and intravenous contrast-enhanced ultrasonography are main ultrasonographic methods in evaluation of endometrial lesions.This article introduces the procedures,limitations,advantages and disadvantages of these three ultrasonographic methods in differential diagnosis of benign and malignant endometrial lesions in postmenopausal women.

Objective　To explore the efficacy of large dose of magnesium sulfate used to treat patients with brain trauma. 　Methods　According to standards 32 patients were chosen and divided into experimental group and control group at random. Sixteen patients in experimental group received 16 mmol magnesium sulfate intravenously over 15 minutes, followed by 65 mmol over 24 hours; while 16 patients in control group received nothing. Serum NSE, GCS and GOS of all the patients were measured after 3 days, 2 weeks and 6 months, respectively and the data were analyzed statistically. 　Results　The serum NSE, GCS and GOS in experimental group were (24.8±19.2) μg/L, 12.3±3.3 and 3.6±1.4, respectively; while the serum NSE, GCS and GOS in control group were (49.7±23.1) μg/L, 9.8±2.8 and 3.1±1.6, respectively. Between the two groups the serum NSE and GCS were different significantly (P<0.01, P<0.05, respectively) while the GOS was not (P>0.05).　 Conclusions　Large dose of magnesium sulfate is effective to treat patients with brain injury at least within a short term.

To evaluate the effect of wild-type p53 gene on the growth and radiotherapeutic sensitivity of human glioma cells, plasmid PC53-SN3 carrying wild-type p53 gene was transfected into U251 cells. p53 gene expression in transfected cells was detected by RT-PCR, and the cell growth inhibition and apoptosis in the absence or presence of irradiation were assessed by MTT and flow cytometry. The transfection of p53 gene into U251 cells was confirmed by RT-PCR. MTT showed that p53 gene alone induced strong inhibitory effect on the growth of U251 cells (inhibition rate (IR), (79.60 +/- 5.69)%). The killing effect of irradiation alone on U251 cells was not strong (IR: (17.06 +/- 4.35)% (17.39 +/- 1.67)% (18.73 +/- 4.68)%) and increased with the irradiation doses (3, 6, 9 Gy). When combined treatment of wild-type p53 gene transfection and irradiation was used, the effect was significantly increased (IR:(80.60 +/- 5.35)%. (90.30 +/- 1.67)%, (91.30 +/- 2.01)%). The apoptosis rate of U251 cells induced by p53 gene transfection was 17.38%. The rate induced by irradiation increased (4.61%, 4.84%, 5.40%) with the irradiation doses (3, 6, 9 Gy). The apoptosis rate was also significantly increased (17.80%, 20.03%, 22.34%) after combined treatment of p53 and irradiation with different doses (3, 6, 9 Gy). It is concluded that wild-type p53 gene and irradiation could result in synergistic inhibitory effect on the growth of human glioma cells.
Apoptosis/*radiation effects ; Brain Neoplasms/genetics ; Brain Neoplasms/*pathology ; Genes, p53/*radiation effects ; Glioma/genetics ; Glioma/*pathology ; Transfection ; Tumor Cells, Cultured

Objective To summarize and discuss the therapy of patients with tentorial herniation due to post-traumatic acute diffuse brain swelling around operations to improve the therapeutic efficacy.Methods A retrospective study was accomplished on 70 patients with tentorial herniation due to post-traumatic acute diffuse brain swellin around operations.Results According to Glasgow outcome scale,44 of 70 cases got favorable outcome,including 37 cases good recovery and 7 cases moderate deficit.The 26 of 70 cases got unfavorable outcome,including 6 cases severe deficit,5 cases persistent vegetable status and 15 cases dead.Conclusions This comprehensive therapy improves the efficacy of patients with tentorial herniation due to post-traumatic acute diffuse brain swelling around operations,which is worth spreading and applying.

In this study we implanted magnetically labeled neural stem cells (NSCs) in PD rats and then monitored their survival and migration in the host brain by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The mesencephalic NSCs were obtained from the brain of SD rats. Superparamagnetic iron oxide (SPIO) was transferred to NSCs by Lipofectamine transfection. Eighteen PD lesioned rats were selected for transplantation by evaluation of their rotational behavior in response to amphetamine and randomly assigned to 3 groups, i.e., sham group, PBS group and NSCs transplanted group, with 6 rats in each group. MR scanning was performed at 1, 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10 week(s) following transplantation. At the meantime, rotational behavior was assessed in each group. Our results showed that SPIO particles were clearly visible with Prissian blue staining in neurospheres and cells derived from NSCs. The rotational behavior of the NSCs transplanted group was remarkably improved compared with that of sham group and PBS group (P < 0.05). In vivo MR tracking of NSCs showed that SPIO labeling led to a strong susceptibility change of signal 1 week after transplantation on T2 weighted images. And a large circular hypointense signal appeared in the transplanted area on T2* gradient echo images. Ten weeks following transplantation, the hypointense signal on T2 weighted and T2* gradient echo images was still displayed. It is concluded that SPIO particles could label NSCs effectively, and MRI detection of SPIO labeled cells is a promising method and novel approach to analyzing the NSCs following transplantation in the treatment of PD.

Objective To observe the expression of PECAM-1 in colorectal cancer in rat and to explore the mechanism of lymphatic metastasis of tumor. Methods Wistar rats were used to make the animal model of primary colorectal cancer,by using HE staining,the cancer type and progression of cancer were devided.By immunohistochemistry staining,the expression of PECAM-1 in tumor tissue,blood vessels and lymphatic vessels were observed. Results PECAM-1 expression in blood vessels and lymphatic vessels were observed in normal tissue,while its expression on tumor tissue and lymphatic vessels decreased according to the cancer progression.Conclusion PECAM-1 may be involved in the early process of tumor cells adhering to the endothelium;decreased expresson of PECAM-1 on lymphatics may be related with lymphangiogenesis and the opening of endothelial junction of lymphatic vessels.

AIM: To study effect of endogenous carbon monoxide on intracellular calcium concentration and explore the mechanism in brain protection of endogenous CO in focal cerebral ischemia in rats. METHODS: SD rats were divided into three groups randomly, which including hemin, ZnPP group and saline group as control. Respectively saline, hemin, ZnPP were injected intra-peritoneally twelve hours before middle cerebral artery was occluded. Twenty four hours after MCAO model was set up, the concentration of carbon monoxide in blood and intracellular calcium in neural cells was examined. RESULTS: Contrast to saline group, the concentration of CO in blood rose up while intracellular calcium in occluded side decreased in hemin group; the concentration of CO in blood went down while intracellular calcium in occluded side rose up in ZnPP group, there was significant difference among them (P0.05). CONCLUSIONS: It may be one of mechanisms on brain protection in ischemic cerebral tissue that carbon monoxide affected intracellular calcium concentration of neural cells by regulating Ca~(2+)-K~+ channel on cell membrane as a messenger gaseous molecular and neurotransmitter. [

Objective Discussed the efficacy of applying standardized patient in clinical surgical practice teaching.Method Twenty eight-year-medical students in our college were enrolled and students' theoretical knowledge mastering ability,students' evaluation on the teaching and students'clinical ability were surveyed.Result Students' score significantly increased compared to last year scores (P ＜0.01).100％ of the participants found the SP teaching methods can increase the interest in learning; 90％ of students found the SP as a guide to better grasp the teaching content; 95％ of students found the SP teaching methods can improve the ability to communicate with patients.Conclusions The class atmosphere was improved,students' enthusiasm was activated,students' clinical ability was promoted and satisfactory teaching effect was obtained after applying standardized patient.

Objective To evaluate the effect of prosthetic rehabilitation and analyze the exercise training program with myoelectric signal for upper limb stumps.Methods Twenty canes with 22 upper limb stumps were treated with exercise for strength training,muscle contraction and control training and the complication of stump were managed.The myoelectrlc signal of upper limb stumps were detected and the stumps were trained with electronic biofeedback software system,including basic signal of biofeedback training and visual biofeedback training.Then the myoelectric prostheses were assembled.Results After prosthetic rehabilitation and myoelectfic signal training,there Wan no significant atrophy of muscle of stumps,muscle strength and range of motion of these twenty limb stumps increased.The amputees could control muscle contraction and grasp,pinch,wrist rotation,elbow extension or flexion consciously.Twenty myoelectrie prostheses were assembled.Conclusion The prosthetic rehabilitation and myoelectric signal training of limb stump is important for assembling myoelectric prosthesis.

Objective To investigate the status of tuberculosis (TB)infection among health care workers (HC-Ws)in an infectious diseases hospital,and explore the risk and influencing factors of TB infection.Methods All HCWs in an infectious diseases hospital were surveyed through questionnaire and purified protein derivative (PPD) testing.Results Incidence of TB infection among all HCWs in this hospital was 48.18%.There was no significant difference in TB infection among HCWs in different departments(P >0.05).TB infection among HCWs of different working seniority,different ages,and different job titles were all significantly different (all P <0.05).Risk factors for TB infection were education level,job title,living condition,and working time in TB clinics or wards,OR (95%CI )were 1 .70(1 .03-2.80),1 .95(1 .10-3.45),1 .84(1 .03-3.28),and 2.38(1 .40-4.04)respectively;personal protection was a protective factor for TB infection (OR,0.92 [95% CI ,0.85 - 0.99]).Conclusion HCWs in in-fectious diseases hospital are at high risk of TB infection,they should improve their self-protection consciousness, and take protective measures as early as possible.