ObjectiveTo compare the effects of two treatmnent methods in the treatment of proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) patients with cataract.Methods79 PDR patients with cataract,according to the different surgical methods were divided into:phacoemulsification with lensectomy of 41 cases(52 eyes) in Group A and crystal resection with lensectomy of 38 cases(48 eyes) in Group B.The changes of eye pressure,iris neovascularization (INV),fundus fluorescein angiography were observed.ResultsThe visual acuity increased in 42cases (80.0％)postoperative in group A,which was significantly higher than that of group B [ 30 cases(62.5％ ) ] (x2 =4.26,P ＜ 0.05) ;The incidence of INN was 3.8 ％ in Group A,which was significantly lower than that of Group B (12.5％ )( x2=4.02,P ＜ 0.05 ) ;The macular edema and postoperative fundus fluorescein angiography showed no significant difference in two groups ( x2 =2.02,2.58,all P ＞ 0.05 ).ConclusionThe effect of phacoemulsification with vitrectomy for the treatment of PDR with cataract was superior to the posterior lens removal of vitrectomy surgery.

To introduce composition,the testing principle of the urine analyzer,To reduce the failure rate, extend the service life of the instrument and improve the accuracy of diagnosis. Make the maintenance system ,according to the system of equipment maintenance maintain the urine analyzer daily and monthly. The maintenance plays an important role in reducing the failure rate, extending equipment life and improving the accuracy of diagnosis.

Objective To investigate the role of deoxycholic acid (DCA) in the pathogenesis of Barrett esophagus.Methods Normal human esophageal mucosal epithelial cells were cultured in vitro with defined keratinocyte serum-free media (D-KSFM).The cultured cells were treated with different concentrations of DCA and specific p38 mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK) inhibitor. The expression of p38,phosphorylated p38 (p-p38) and caudal-related homeodomain transcription 2 (CDX2) at protein level were assessed by Western blot.The correlation between p-p38 and CDX2 was analyzed.The data were analyzed by one way ANOVA and LSD test.Results After being cultured with DCA for 24 h,the expression of p-p38 and CDX2 increased along with the increasing of DCA concentration.Compared with the control group (p-p38 was 13.7％ ± 1.0％ and CDX2 protein was 0),the difference was statistically significant (P＜ 0.05).When DCA was at 500 μmol/L,the expression of p-p38 and CDX2 reached the highest level (44.0％ ± 1.7％ and 8.59± 1.25).After pretreated with SB203580 for two hours and then 500 μmol/L DCA was added into cell culture,both expression level of p-p38 and CDX2 decreased compared with 500μmol/L DCA group (p-p38:28.3％ ±2.2％ vs50.5％±9.5％,CDX2:0.94±0.13 vs 2.31±0.41) after 24 h.Conclusions DCA can induce the expression of CDX2 in normal human esophageal mucosal epithelial cells,which is related with the activation of p38.The phosphorylation of p38 maybe involved in the pathogenesis of Barrett esophagus.

Objective To investigate the diagnosis and treatment of cystic adenoid tumor of the pancreas. Methods Retrospective analysis was made on the clinical data of 11 cases of pancreatic cystic neoplasms confirmed by operation and pathology at our hospital from 1978 to 1998. Results Cystic adenoid tumor of the pancreas is more likely to occur in young females with middle age, clinical presentations were as follows: a long-term persistent mass and distending pain in the epigastrium. Utrasounography, CT and ERCP could contribute to the diagnosis. Of the 11 cases, pancreaticoduodenectomy was performed in 2, distal pancreatectomy and splenectomy in 6, local excision of the mass in 2, and loop type cystojejunostomy in 1. The rete of resection was 90.9%. Of them, 1 case died of abdominal abscess and septicemia postoperatively. All the 10 cases who survived postoperatively were followed up. Among the 10 cases, 1 case of pancreatic cystoadenoma died of cardiac infarction 3 months after operation, and 1 case of cystoadenocarcinoma died of metastasis 51 months after tumor excision. The other 8 cases still alived well now. Conclusions Cystic tumor of the pancreas should be suspected when young or middle aged female patients have a long term big mass in epigastrium or left upper quadrant. Ultrasonography and CT scan are helpful in the diagnosis of the tumor including cystoademoma and cystoadenocarcinoma, Although the volume of the tumors may be very big, they often have a intact capsure,so easy to excise. The excision of the total tumor and some arounding pancreatic tissue is the first choice of the treatment for cystic tumor of the pancreas, and the curative effectiveness is satisfctory.

Objective To evaluate clinical significance of the grade of ischemia by QRS complex on the admission electrocardiogram(ECG)to predict severe arrithmia in patients with acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction(STEMI).Methods Patients with acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction(STEMI)admitted to emergency department from July 2003 to April 2008 were enrolled.A total of 223 patients met the criteria(ischemic chest pain ≥ 30 min,2 or more adjacent leads of ST segment elevation and onset time within 12 h).Exclusion criteria were bundle branch block and left ventricular hypertrophy.All enrolled patients were divided into two groups based on the enrollment electrocardiogram:grade 2 ischemia(ST elevation without terminal QRS distortion; n =134)and grade 3 ischemia(ST elevation with terminal QRS distortion; n =89).Patients of the two groups had comparable genderproportion,average age and coronary heart disease risk factors etc.All patients received thrombolytic therapy.The incidence rate of ST segment resolution(STR)and severe arrithmia in hospital stay were observed.Numerical variables were expressed mean ± standard deviation and compared by unpaired Student't test,Categorical variables were expressed percentage and compared by chi square test.Multiple logistic regression analysis was used to determine independent predictors of severe arrithmia.Results Patients with grade 3 ischemia had greater Σ ST on admission and 2 h after thrombolysis ECGs(P ＜ 0.01),the incidence rate of STR in patients with grade 3 ischemia was lower than that in patients with grade 2 ischemia(P ＜0.01).The peak creatine kinase MB fraction was higher in patients with grade 3 ischemia than that in patients with grade 2 ischemia(P ＜ 0.01).There was no significant difference of the incidence of severe arrithmia,such as ventricular premature beat,ventricular tachycardia or fibrillation,second-degree or third-degree atrioventricular block,and sinus arrest between the two groups(P ＞ 0.05),but there was a trend of higher incidence of severe arrithmia in patients with grade 3 ischemia compared with that in patients with grade 2 ischemia.Multiple logistic regression analysis demonstrated that the independent predictors of severe arrithmia were duration from symptom to thrombolysis and initial.Σ ST,whereas grade 3 ischemia remained a strong predictor of severe arrithmia.Conclusions Grade 3 ischemia on admission is associated with lower incidence of STR in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction(STEMI)after thrombolysis and a strong predictor of severe arrithmia.

Objective To establish a method of inducing dendritic cells(DC)from rat bone marrow cells in vitro,and identify the phenotype and function characteristics.Methods The rat bone malToW cells were collected and cultured in vitro under the condition of recombinant rat GM-CSF(rrGM-CSF)and recombinant rat IL-4(rrIL-4).After 2 weeks,the morphological character of DCs was observed under light microscope and scanning electron microscope.Expression of MHC-Ⅱ,CD80 and CD86 were detected by flow cytometry.The ability to stimulate allogenic T cells of the cultured DCs was detected by mixed lymphocyte reaction.Results DCs showed typical morphology with elongated dendritic processes under inversion microscope and scanning electron microscope.DCs at day 6 revealed immature phenotype,including MHC-Ⅱ(29.03 ±4.39)%,CD80(21.98±7.08)%and CD86(25.94±6.80)%.DCs at day 12 showed higher expression of MHC-Ⅱ(74.05±5.97)%,CD80(79.85±6.53)%and CD86(81.00±7.47)%,and stimulatory capacity of allogenic T cells,compared with that in DCs at day 6.Conclusion Matured DCs could be generated from rat bone marrow cells and attendance with rrGM-CSF and rrIL-4,which present the feasibility for further research on its application to allograft immunorejection.

Objective To investigate the effects of N - acetylcysteine (NAC) on apoptosis and the expressions of Fas/FasL mRNA in lung tissue of rats with paraquat - induced acute lung injury.Methods Forty five male SD rats were randomly (random number) divided into normal control group,paraquat (PQ) group,and NAC treatment group.The rat model of acute lung injury was made with 2％ PQ induction in dose of 25 mg/kg injected,and NAC was injected into the PQ poisoning rats (200 mg/kg) 30 minutes after PQ administration in NAC treatment group.In the control group,equal amount of saline instead was injected into the rats.Apoptosis was detected by using TUNEL method and the expressions of Fas/FasL mRNA were evaluated by using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT- PCR),and the levels of Fas/FasL protein were detected by using western blot analysis.Results Compared with control group,cell apoptosis and expressions Fas/FasL mRNA in PQ group were significantly different ( P ＜ 0.05 ).Compared with PQ group,cell apoptosis and expressions Fas/FasL mRNA in NAC group were significantly decreased,were significant lower (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions NAC inhibited apoptosis in lung tissue of rats with paraquat induction by regulating the activation of Fas/FasL systems.

BACKGROUND: Kadsurenone is characterized by obvious anti-oxidation and calcium ion resistant effect and can effectively clear oxygen-derived free radicals, decrease activity of pancreatic enzyme, and relieve self-digestion of pancreatic tissue.OBJECTIVE: To observe the effects of kadsurenone on the splanchnic blood flow in rats with severe acute pancreatitis (SAP), especially the mechanism of pancreatic blood flow.DESIGN: Contrast observational animal study.SETTING:Laboratory of General Surgery and Central Laboratory of Tangdu Hospital, the Fourth Military Medical University of Chinese PLA.MATERIALS: A total of 40 male Sprague-Dawiey (SD) rats, of clean grade and weighing 200-280 g, were selected in this study. Kadsurenone (150 mg) was provided by Pharmacological College of Peking University (batch number: 20050347); sodium taurocholate by Sigma Company (batch number: 86339); amylase reagent by Roche Company (batch number: irp 170505); Imexlab9100 Doppler ultrasound diagnostic meter by Imex Company; 8 mHz probe privated by Doppler ultrasound diagnostic meter by Imex Company, USA (number: X1-M0008).METHODS: The experiment was carried out in the Laboratory of General Surgery, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University of Chinese PLA from April to October 2006. Eight rats were randomly selected as sham operation group, and other rats were used to establish SAP models at 12 hours after fasting. Continuously, 32 SAP rats were randomly divided into two subgroups after model establishment, including kadsurenone group (n =16) and model group (n =16). In addition, all rats in the two subgroups were observed at 12 and 24 hours after operation with 8 rats at each time point. However, rats in the sham operation group did not give any treatment. At 3 hours after operation, rats in kadsurenone group were given 10 mg/kg kadsurenone through jejunum fistula once every 6 hours for one or two times in total. Kadsurenone was dissolved in 25 g/L dimethyl sulfoxide. In addition, rats in model group were given the same dosage of dimethyl sulfoxide through jejunum fistula; furthermore, rats in sham operation group were only opened their abdomens. Blood starch was respectively measured in sham operation group at 12 hours after abdominal operation, model group at 12 hours and kadsurenone group at 24 hours after acute pancreatic operation; meanwhile, Doppler ultrasound was used to detect local artery of pancreas (relative to the crossed site between head and body of pancreas), blood flow of portal vein, splenic artery and blood flow of superior mesenteric artery.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Changes of plasma amylase and blood flow at various time points.RESULTS : All 40 SD rats were involved in the final analysis.①Measuring results of plasma amylase: Level of plasma amylase was increased in both model group and kadsurenone group at various time points as compared with that in sham operation group (P＜0.01 ). With the time passing by, level of plasma amylase was still increased in model group, and there was significant difference from that at 12 hours after operation (P＜0.05). ②Blood flow of local pancreatic artery: At 12 and 24 hours after operation, blood flow was lower in kadsurenone group and model group than that in sham operation group (P＜0.01). With the development of illness course, blood flow was still decreased in kadsurenone group (P＜0.05); however, blood flow was obviously higher than that in model group at various time points (P＜0.01 ). ③ Blood flow of superior mesenteric arterial root, portal vein and splenic artery: Blood flow was lower in kadsurenone group and model group than that in sham operation group at 12 and 24 hours after operation, respectively (P＜0.01). In addition, blood flow was remarkably increased in kadsurenone group as compared with that in model group at various time points (P＜0.01).CONCLUSION: Kadsurenone can increase the pancreatic blood flow and relieve pathological injury in SAP rats.

Objective: To observe the expressions of NMDAR2 and GLAST in the hippocampal gyrus and supraoptic nucleus(SON) under sleep deprivation in young rats.Methods: The changes in expressions of NMDAR2 and GLAST in SON and hippocampal gyrus under sleep deprivation in younger rats were observed by immunohistochemistry method. Results:The expressions of NMDAR2 and GLAST in SON and the hippocampal gyrus were significantly increased on the 3rd day of sleep deprivation,even more sigificantly on the 5th day,decreased gradually on 7th day,and became similar to those of control group on the 14th day.Conclusion: Sleep deprivation can affect the expressions of NMDAR2 and GLAST in the hippocampal gyrus and supraoptic nucleus,but the effect diminisshes gradually with prolonged time,which may be associated with self-regulation and self-protection of the central nervous system.

Objective: To construct and identify the eukaryotic expression vector targeting the CD40 gene in rats.Methods: Two sequences corresponding to the rat CD40 gene were designed on Ambion's Web.The two complementary oligonucleotide strands of DNA fragments were synthesized by chemosynthesis.After annealing of the complementary strands,the DNA fragments were connected to the polyclone sites of the pSilencer 4.1-CMV neo vector,followed by transformation,amplification,plasmid extraction and identification of the recombinant plasmids by BamH Ⅰ and Hind Ⅲ digestion and DNA sequence analysis.Results: The connections between the DNA fragments encoding CD40-targeted siRNA and the pSilencer 4.1-CMV neo vector were correct,as confirmed by agarose gel electrophoresis and DNA sequence analysis.Conclusion: The two recombinant plasmids expressing siRNA of the rat CD40 gene were successfully constructed,which prepared the groundwork for future research on the role of the CD40 gene in homograft rejection.