Bioleaching of Cu and Fe in low-grade chalcopyrite using Penicillium janthinellum strian GXCR was studied. As a result, shaking bioleaching was more efficient than submerged bioleaching; Cu bioleaching was much better than Fe bioleaching; under conditions of optimum carbon source (10% sucrose, W/V), optimum nitrogen source (1.5% NaNO3, W/V), shaking bioleaching and the optimum combination of conditions (initial pH 6.0 in leaching media, 5% (W/V) 200-mesh ore and initial inocula of 3.0x10(5) conidia/mL), Cu bioleaching efficiency reached 87.31% (W/W). One of the most important factors affecting Cu bioleaching in shaking bioleaching was the initial pH in leaching media (F > F0.05). The major organic acids for Cu and Fe bioleaching were citric and oxalic acids, respectively. Low bioleaching efficiency by submerged bioleaching was due to low production of citric and oxalic acids. The mechanisms employed by the GXCR in Cu bioleaching included biochemical functions of citric and oxalic acids as well as ore crack caused by mechanical power generated from mycelial growth.
Biodegradation, Environmental ; Citric Acid ; chemistry ; Copper ; metabolism ; Industrial Waste ; prevention & control ; Iron ; metabolism ; Oxalic Acid ; chemistry ; Penicillium ; metabolism ; Refuse Disposal ; methods

Trauma is the leading cause of death for people under 40 years old in the world. At present, the rescue and treatment system of trauma patients in China is not yet well established, and the mortality of trauma patients is higher than those in the developed countries. Improving the treatment system is the key to reducing the trauma mortality. In order to innovate the service mode of trauma first aid, further promote the establishment of regional trauma first aid system, improve the ability of trauma treatment, reduce the mortality and disability rate of trauma patients in Jiangxi Province, recently Health Commission of Jiangxi Province and the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University have reached a consensus on the establishment of Jiangxi trauma first aid center. In order to provide reference for the construction of trauma treatment system, the author analyzes the following aspects including functional positioning, basic requirements, organization management, and evaluation of core indicators.