Osteoporosis is a common senile bone metabolism disease， clinically characterized by decreased bone mass， destruction of bone microstructure， increased bone fragility， and easy fracture. It tends to occur in the elderly and postmenopausal women， seriously threatening the quality of life and physical and mental health of the elderly. At present， the treatment of osteoporosis is mainly based on oral western medicines， such as calcium， Vitamin D， and bisphosphonates. Still， there are drawbacks such as a long medication cycle and many adverse reactions. In recent years， due to the advantages of multi-component， multi-pathway， and multi-target， some traditional Chinese medicines and effective ingredients can regulate the osteogenic and osteoclastic differentiation process in both directions and are widely used in the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis. Hippophae rhamnoides is a commonly used herbal medicine， and its fruits are rich in flavonoids， polyphenols， fatty acids， vitamins， and trace elements， which have been proven to have a good anti-osteoporosis effect. Isorhamnetin is the main effective ingredient of Hippophae rhamnoides fruits， which has many pharmacological effects such as anti-inflammation， anti-oxidative stress， anti-aging， and anti-tumor. Studies have shown that isorhamnetin can participate in the regulation of bone metabolism and has a good anti-osteoporosis effect. However， the pharmacological effects and related mechanisms of isorhamnetin against osteoporosis have not been systematically summarized. Therefore， this paper reviewed the pharmacological effects and related mechanisms of isorhamnetin against osteoporosis by referring to relevant literature to provide more basis for the development and application of isorhamnetin.

OBJECTIVE To construct the simulated traditional Chinese medicine pharmacy based on virtual simulation technology， and assist in the development of the new mode of traditional Chinese medicine dispensing education training. METHODS The field research and questionnaire surveys were conducted to identify the needs of Chinese medicine students and practitioners for the content and presentation of knowledge on the construction of simulated traditional Chinese medicine pharmacy. Taking the laws and regulations on the construction of traditional Chinese medicine pharmacy and the related teaching materials and literature on traditional Chinese medicine preparation as the knowledge source， the virtual simulation technology was applied to build a simulated traditional Chinese medicine pharmacy so as to achieve the functions of browsing the traditional Chinese medicine pharmacy， learning the knowledge of traditional Chinese medicine preparation and practical skills training. A multi-site simulated traditional Chinese medicine pharmacy evaluation scale study was conducted based on platform operational testing. RESULTS A simulated traditional Chinese medicine pharmacy was constructed， consisting of four core modules： video teaching， animation video， simulated pharmacy， and simulated experience. The overall score of evaluation scale was 93.31， with all entries scoring above 80； the ones with evaluation scales above 90 accounted for 92.31% （60/65）. CONCLUSIONS Simulated traditional Chinese medicine pharmacy based on virtual simulation technology meets the learning needs of users and enhances the teaching effect of traditional Chinese medicine dispensing technology training.

LIN28 is an RNA binding protein with important roles in early embryo development, stem cell differentiation/reprogramming, tumorigenesis and metabolism. Previous studies have focused mainly on its role in the cytosol where it interacts with Let-7 microRNA precursors or mRNAs, and few have addressed LIN28's role within the nucleus. Here, we show that LIN28 displays dynamic temporal and spatial expression during murine embryo development. Maternal LIN28 expression drops upon exit from the 2-cell stage, and zygotic LIN28 protein is induced at the forming nucleolus during 4-cell to blastocyst stage development, to become dominantly expressed in the cytosol after implantation. In cultured pluripotent stem cells (PSCs), loss of LIN28 led to nucleolar stress and activation of a 2-cell/4-cell-like transcriptional program characterized by the expression of endogenous retrovirus genes. Mechanistically, LIN28 binds to small nucleolar RNAs and rRNA to maintain nucleolar integrity, and its loss leads to nucleolar phase separation defects, ribosomal stress and activation of P53 which in turn binds to and activates 2C transcription factor Dux. LIN28 also resides in a complex containing the nucleolar factor Nucleolin (NCL) and the transcriptional repressor TRIM28, and LIN28 loss leads to reduced occupancy of the NCL/TRIM28 complex on the Dux and rDNA loci, and thus de-repressed Dux and reduced rRNA expression. Lin28 knockout cells with nucleolar stress are more likely to assume a slowly cycling, translationally inert and anabolically inactive state, which is a part of previously unappreciated 2C-like transcriptional program. These findings elucidate novel roles for nucleolar LIN28 in PSCs, and a new mechanism linking 2C program and nucleolar functions in PSCs and early embryo development.
Animals ; Cell Differentiation ; Embryo, Mammalian/metabolism* ; Embryonic Development ; Mice ; Pluripotent Stem Cells/metabolism* ; RNA, Messenger/genetics* ; RNA, Ribosomal ; RNA-Binding Proteins/metabolism* ; Transcription Factors/metabolism* ; Zygote/metabolism*

Objective To investigate the effect of repeated application of low-frequency transcranial magne-tic stimulation ( rTMS) when combined with hyperbaric oxygen ( HBO) in the treatment non-fluent aphasia after a stroke. Methods Forty-eight stroke survivors with non-fluent aphasia were randomly assigned to a control group, an HBO group or an observation group, each of 16. All received conventional rehabilitation therapy consisting of drug therapy, speech training and conventional physical exercises, while the HBO and observation groups were additionally given HBO and rTMS combined with HBO respectively. The 1 Hz rTMS was applied over the Broca's homologues of the unaffected hemisphere. Before and after 4 weeks of treatment, the Western Aphasia Battery ( WAB) was used to evaluate the subjects' language function and the Modified Barthel Index ( MBI) was used to assess their ability in the activities of daily living. Results There was no significant difference in the average WAB scores among the three groups before the treatment. After 4 weeks of treatment the average WAB and MBI scores of the HBO group and the observation group had improved significantly, and there was then a significant difference among the three groups. The observation group was performing significantly better than the HBO group and the control group in spontaneous speech, auditory comprehension, repetition, naming, AQ score and MBI score. Pairwise comparisons showed that the observation group's average WAB score, spontaneous speech, auditory comprehension, repetition, naming, AQ score and MBI score were the best, followed by those of the HBO group and then those of the control group. All of the differences were statistically significant. Conclusions Low-frequency rTMS combined with HBO can significantly improve the language function and the quality of life of patients with non-fluent aphasia. Such combined therapy is worthy of clinical promotion and application.

Objective: To compare the clinical effect of operation and manual reduction in the treatment of ankle fracture and provide guidance for clinical practice. Methods: From March 2015 to March 2018, 88 cases of ankle fracture who admitted and treated in the People's Hospital of Xianju County were selected as the observation objects.Forty-eight patients in the operation group were treated with surgery.Forty cases in the manipulation group were treated by manipulation reduction.The two groups were followed up for half a year, and the rate of excellent and good reduction, hospitalization time, hospitalization cost, fracture healing time, excellent and good recovery rate of ankle joint function, ankle joint function score and incidence of complications were compared between the two groups. Results: The positive and negative rate of reduction in the operation group was 93.75%(45/48), which was higher than 75.00%(30/40) in the manipulation group(χ²=6.092, P<0.05). The length and cost of hospitalization in the operation group were (17.56±3.12)d, (14 265.56±1 543.78)CNY, respectively, which in the manipulation group were (6.42±2.25)d, (2 565.56±487.69)CNY, respectively.There were statistically significant differences between the two groups(t=18.856, 46.019, all P<0.05). The healing time of fracture in the operation group was (9.12±1.25)weeks, which was shorter than that in the manipulation group[(11.56±2.36)weeks](t=6.200, P<0.05). There was no statistically significant difference in ankle function score between the two groups(P>0.05). The excellent and good rate of ankle function recovery in the operation group was 95.83%(46/48), which in the manipulation group was 92.50%(37/40), there was no statistically significant difference(P>0.05). The incidence rate of complications in the operation group was 14.58%(7/48), which was higher than that in the manipulation group [2.50%(1/40)](χ²=3.855, P<0.05). Conclusion The treatment of ankle fracture by operation and manual reduction has good results, both of which have advantages and disadvantages.The treatment cost of manual reduction is less than surgery, and the length of hospitalization is shorter than surgery.However, the fracture healing time is long, and a reasonable treatment plan can be developed in combination with the patients' condition and family economy.

Objective To investigate the influence of estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) in rehabilitation of motor function and short-term prognoses in patients with acute middle cerebral artery (MCA) infarction. MethodsSeventy-four patients with acute MCA infarction, admitted to Department of Neurology from March 2016 to September 2018, and then, accepted rehabilitation training for 4 weeks in Department of Rehabilitation medicine, were recruited. Modification of Diet in Renal Disease was used to evaluate the eGFR instead of renal function; according to the results, these patients were divided into normal renal function group and mild-moderate renal dysfunction group. National Institute of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) was used to assess the neurologic function. Fazekas scale was used to assess degrees of leukoaraiosis. Fugl-Meyer Motor Function Assessment (FMA) was used to assess motor functions before rehabilitation treatment and 90 d after onset. Modified Barthel Index (MBI) was used to assess activity of daily living 90 d after onset. According to MBI scores, the patients were divided into good prognosis group (MBI scores>60) and poor prognosis group (MBI scores≤60); multivariate Logistic regression analysis was used to confirm the risk factors affecting prognoses 90 d after onset.ResultsAmong 74 enrolled patients, 40 were classified as normal renal function group and 34 as mild-moderate renal dysfunction group; patients in the mild-moderate renal dysfunction group had significantly higher level of blood urea nitrogen, proportion of silent lacunar cerebral infarction and Fazekas scale scores, and had statistically lower FMA scores and MBI 90 d after onset than normal renal function group (P<0.05). Among the 74 patients, good prognosis was found in 32 patients and poor prognosis in 42 patients; multivariate Logistic regression analysis found that age, eGFR (OR=0.944,P= 0.011, 95％CI: 0.903-0.987), baseline NIHSS scores, and Fazekas scale scores were risk factors affecting prognoses 90 d after onset.ConclusionIn acute MCA infarction patients, eGFR can influence the rehabilitation of motor function and short-term prognoses.

Objective To screen and optimize the microsatellite DNA primers of the laboratory common marmoset, analyze and evaluate the population genetic quality for the marmosets (Callithrix jacchus) introduced into the Institute of Medical Laboratory Animal science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences. Methods A total of 30 marmosets were randomly chosen, and their genome DNA from blood was extracted using phenol/chloroform method. The microsatellite DNA was amplified using standard polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The amplification products were tested by STR scanning after 2% agrose gel and 8% PAGE electrophoresis. The data processing and genetic analysis were completed using the Popgene1. 32 software. Results A total of 20 pairs of microsatellite loci showed genetic polymorphism, and 147 alleles were detected. The number of allele was 5 to 10, average 7. 35. The effective allele was 2. 2500 to 6. 3830, average 4. 0402. The observed heterozygosity was 0. 000 to 0. 4667, average 0. 1533. The expected heterozygosity was 0. 1424 to 0. 4350, average 0. 2506. The Shannon diversity index was 1. 2242 to 2. 0324, average 1. 5949. The polymorphic information content was 0. 5366 to 0. 8254, average 0. 7053. Conclusions The 20 pairs of marmoset microsatellite primers are genetically highly diverse and are in a Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium.

Objective To purify marmoset serum IgG, prepare and identify the antiserum and the rabbit anti-marmoset antibody IgG-HRP (horseradish peroxidase). Methods Using SDS-PAGE analysis to identify the serum IgG from HiTrapTM Protein G. The antiserum titer was determined by double immunodiffusion assay. The rabbit anti-marmoset IgG was labeled with HRP by improved sodium periodate method. ELISA and western blotting were used to evaluate the concentration and specificity of rabbit anti-marmoset IgG-HRP. Results The purity of purified marmoset serum IgG determined by SDS-PAGE was higher than 95% , and the anti-serum titer of the anti-marmoset IgG polyclonal antibody was 1∶64. The concentration of rabbit anti-marmoset IgG-HRP identified by direct ELISA was 1∶256 000, and that by western-blotting was 1∶15 000, with a strong specificity. Conclusions The IgG-HRP marker antibody is prepared and the specificity and concentration are identified by ELISA and western blotting. It reserves the resources for the detection system of marmoset pathogens and the molecular immunological testing system.

The incidence of ischemic stroke in the middle cerebral artery (MCA )territory is high.Despite intravenous thrombolytic therapy with recombinant tissue type plasminogen activator (rt-PA )can be used at the early stage ,the patients seldom gain benefits from that ,and the morbidity and mortality stay high. In order to provide evidence for optimizing early identification and clinical treatment of patients at high risk of ischemic stroke ,this article reviewed the current state of science and technology regarding prognosis-influencing factors for ischemic stroke of the middle cerebral artery territory ,such as stroke pathogenesis ,the length and site of vessel occlusion ,the collateral circulation and lesion patterns ,initial symptoms and clinical intervention ,and other related indexes after thrombolysis.

Objective To investigate the effect of intravenous recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rt-PA) thrombolysis on patients with middle cerebral artery (MCA) infarction of different lesions and to analyze the influencing factors of clinical prognoses.Methods Seventy-five patients with acute infarction in the MCA territory were consecutively collected in our hospital from January 2013 to December 2016,and all patients underwent intravenous rt-PA thrombolysis within 4.5 h time window.The sites of MCA were classified into origin of the MCA (type Ⅰ),MCA trunk distal to the lenticulostriate arteries (type Ⅱ) and branches of the MCA (type Ⅲ).Early symptom improvement was defined as 24 h National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) scores decreased≥4 or down to 0 after intravenous thrombolysis.Clinical data,NIHSS scores on admission and after intravenous thrombolysis,ratio of patients enjoying early symptom improvement,ratio of hemorrhagic transformation,mortality rate within 7 d of intravenous thrombolysis and modified Rankin scale (mRS) scores 90 d after intravenous thrombolysis were obtained and compared among the three groups.And according to mRS scores 90 d after intravenous thrombolysis,the patients were divided into good prognosis group and poor prognosis group;Logistic regression analysis was used to confirm the different prognoses of patients with MCA infarction of different lesions.Results Among the 75 enrolled patients,22 (29.3％) were classified as type Ⅰ,16 (21.3％) as type Ⅱ and 37 (49.3％) as type Ⅲ.Type Ⅰ patients (n=6,27.3％) had significantly lower ratio of patients with early symptom improvement than type Ⅱ patients (n=l 1,68.8％) and type Ⅲ patients (n=25,67.5％,P＜0.05).Type Ⅰ patients had significantly higher ratio of symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage,higher mortality rate within 7 d of intravenous thrombolysis and higher mRS scores 90 d after intravenous thrombolysis than type Ⅱ patients and type Ⅲ patients (P＜0.05).After 90 d of follow up,good prognosis was found in 56 patients (74.7％) and poor prognosis in 19 patients (25.3％);the sites of MCA lesions,thrombolysis time,and NIHSS scores on admission and 24 h after intravenous thrombolysis between the two groups were significantly different (P＜0.05).Multivariate Logistic analysis revealed that sites of MCA lesions (OR=2.633,95％CI:1.119-6.197,P=0.027),thrombolysis time (OR=7.603,95％ CI:1.561-37.043,P=0.012),and NIHSS scores on admission (OR=3.622,95％CI:1.068-12.285,P=0.039) were the risk factors of prognoses.Conclusions Different lesion sites of MCA may indicate different effects and prognoses in patients with intravenous thrombolysis.And,MCA lesion sites,thrombolysis time and NIHSS scores on admission are independent risk factors for prognoses in cerebral infarction patients with intravenous thrombolysis.