monocarboxylate transporter (MCT) are vital transmembran e transporters involved in multiple cellular functions including the regulation of intracellul ar pH and lactate transport. At least eight isoforms of MCT have been cloned and characterized to date, they constitute a new gene family of mammal transporters . These isoforms have the differences in substrate and inhibitor specificities a nd tissue distribution. Thus it may provide a new way of diagonosis and treating for dieases such as cancer by investigating on the structure and function and r egulational mechanism of MCT.

Objective　To study the effect of transfecting anti-sense expression vector of the first subtype of the monocarboxylate transporter (MCT1) gene into human lung adenocarcinoma cells on intracellular pH (pHi) regulation, lactate transportation and cell growth. Methods　MCT1 antisense gene recombinant vector pLXSN-MCT1 was introduced into human lung cancer cells A549 with electroporation. The cell colonies resistant to G418 were selected. Positive clones were examined by PCR to confirm the integration of genomic A549 DNA and antisene MCT1 gene. The changes of pHi and lactate transportation were detected with spectrophotometry. Cell growth was studied with cell growth curve. Results　pHi and lactate transport were remarkably decreased in the transfected cells, and the cell growth was inhibited compared with the cells without transfection（P<0.001）. Conclusion　MCT1 gene may play an important role in pHi regulation, lactate transport and cell growth in lung tumor cells.

Objective To investigate the oxidative stress and cytoskeleton protein carbonylation in rat brains after different severities of traumatic brain injury (TBI).Methods Fluid percussion percussion device was used to establish the mild,severe and sham-operated Sprague-Dawley rat models (n=15);24 h after that,enzyme linked immunosorbent assay was used to detect the levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) and glutathione (GSH),and Western blotting was employed to detect the cytoskeletal proteins (β-actin,β-tublin and glial fibrillary acidic [GFAP]) carbonylation levels;phosphorylated tau (p-tau) protein expressions were examined by Western blotting.Results The expression levels of MDA in mild TBI group and severe TBI group were (389.62±29.95) μmol/g and (642.50±37.56) μmol/g,respectively,which was significantly increased as compared with the MDA level ([233.94±25.08] μmol/g) in sham-operated group (P＜0.05).The expression level of GSH in mild TBI group and severe TBI group was (352.10±37.75) μmol/g and (153.27 ±43.49) μmol/g,respectively,which was significantly decreased as compared with the GSH level ([492.48 ±41.43] μmol/g) in sham-operated group (P＜0.05).The β-actin,β-tublin and GFAP proteincarbonylation levels (0.099± 0.104,0.194±0.114 and 0.643±0.037;0.142±0.017,0.290±0.029 and 0.902±0.021) and p-tau level (0.289±0.014 and 0.373±0.012) in mild TBI group and severe TBI group were significantly higher than those in sham-operated group (0.068±0.017,0.108±0.016 and 0.673±0.032;0.185±0.009;P＜0.05).Conclusions The oxidative stress and carbonylation of cytoskeleton proteins are significantly increased after TBI,and the expression levels are correlated with the severity of TBI.The carbonylation of cytoskeleton protein aggravates the axonal injury after TBI.

Objective To investigate the risk factors for post-traumatic hydrocephalus ( PTH) after traumatic brain injury ( TBI ) . Methods A retrospective case control analysis was made on the clinical data of 794 patients with acute TBI admitted to Shenzhen Second People's Hospital between January 2007 and January 2017. There were 639 males and 155 females, aged 1-90 years [(40. 5 ± 18. 6)years]. All patients were followed up for 1 years, and the patients were divided into PTH group (n=46) and non-PTH group (n=748) according to their prognosis. The following information including Glasgow coma score ( GCS ) on admission, pupil reflex, midline shift and cistern compression, subarachnoid hemorrhage ( SAH ) , operation method, decompressive craniectomy, hydrocephalus after operation, intracranial infection, timing of cranioplasty were analyzed using univariate analysis and Logistic regression. Results PTH occurred in 46 patients (5. 8％). Univariate analysis showed that GCS, midline shift, decompressive craniectomy, subdural effusion, timing of cranioplasty and SAH were significantly related to PTH (P<0. 05 or 0. 01). Logistic regression identified low GCS (OR=3. 778), decompressive craniectomy (OR=2. 508), subdural effusion (OR=2. 269), timing of cranioplasty (≥3 months)(OR=10. 478) and SAH (OR=23. 391) as the independent risk factors for PTH (P<0. 05 or 0. 01). Conclusion PTH is a common serious complication of traumatic brain injury, affected by low GCS, decompressive craniectomy, subdural effusion, delayed cranioplasty and SAH.

Objective:To explore the clinical value of cluster management in secondary hydrocephalus.Methods:Seventy-seven patients with secondary hydrocephalus admitted to Department of Neurosurgery, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital from January 2016 to June 2021 were chosen; they were divided into traditional management group ( n=30) and cluster management group ( n=47) according to different management methods. Patients in traditional management group accepted craniocerebral CT and 3 consecutive times of cerebrospinal fluid tests, and normal results were achieved and then ventriculoperitoneal shunt (VPS) was performed. In patients from the cluster management group, on the basis of management treatment, cranial plain and enhanced MRI and DNA metagenomic next generation sequencing of cerebrospinal fluid were performed before surgery, and rapid test of cerebrospinal fluid and ventriculoscope observation were performed during surgery; after exclusion of intracranial infection, VPS was performed. The differences of shunt failure rate were compared between the two groups and the positive rates of intracranial infection detected by above 4 methods were compared in the cluster management group. Results:There was significant difference in shunt failure rate between the cluster management group and traditional management group (2.1% vs. 20.0%, P<0.05). The positive rates of intracranial infection by DNA metagenomics (61.7%) and ventriculoscopy (68.1%) were significantly higher than those by preoperative cranial plain and enhanced MRI (14.9%) and rapid test of cerebrospinal fluid (6.4%, P<0.05). Conclusion:Cluster management can effectively decrease the VPS failure rate in secondary hydrocephalus; DNA metagenomics and ventriculoscopy have high efficiency in detecting intracranial infection.

Traumatic cerebrospinal fluid leakage commonly presents in traumatic brain injury patients, and it may lead to complications such as meningitis, ventriculitis, brain abscess, subdural hematoma or tension pneumocephalus. When misdiagnosed or inappropriately treated, traumatic cerebrospinal fluid leakage may result in severe complications and may be life-threatening. Some traumatic cerebrospinal fluid leakage has concealed manifestations and is prone to misdiagnosis. Due to different sites and mechanisms of trauma and degree of cerebrospinal fluid leak, treatments for traumatic cerebrospinal fluid leakage varies greatly. Hence, the Craniocerebral Trauma Professional Group of Neurosurgery Branch of Chinese Medical Association and the Neurological Injury Professional Group of Trauma Branch of Chinese Medical Association organized relevant experts to formulate the " Chinese expert consensus on the diagnosis and treatment of traumatic cerebrospinal fluid leakage in adults ( version 2023)" based on existing clinical evidence and experience. The consensus consisted of 16 recommendations, covering the leakage diagnosis, localization, treatments, and intracranial infection prevention, so as to standardize the diagnosis and treatment of traumatic cerebrospinal fluid leakage and improve the overall prognosis of the patients.

The condition of patients with severe traumatic brain injury (sTBI) complicated by corona virus 2019 disease (COVID-19) is complex. sTBI can significantly increase the probability of COVID-19 developing into severe or critical stage, while COVID-19 can also increase the surgical risk of sTBI and the severity of postoperative lung lesions. There are many contradictions in the treatment process, which brings difficulties to the clinical treatment of such patients. Up to now, there are few clinical studies and therapeutic norms relevant to sTBI complicated by COVID-19. In order to standardize the clinical treatment of such patients, Critical Care Medicine Branch of China International Exchange and Promotive Association for Medical and Healthcare and Editorial Board of Chinese Journal of Trauma organized relevant experts to formulate the Chinese expert consensus on clinical treatment of adult patients with severe traumatic brain injury complicated by corona virus infection 2019 ( version 2023) based on the joint prevention and control mechanism scheme of the State Council and domestic and foreign literatures on sTBI and COVID-19 in the past 3 years of the international epidemic. Fifteen recommendations focused on emergency treatment, emergency surgery and comprehensive management were put forward to provide a guidance for the diagnosis and treatment of sTBI complicated by COVID-19.