This article interprets the research progress and clinical applications of weed pollen allergen components as outlined in the European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (EAACI) guidelines on Molecular Allergology User′s Guide 2.0. The significance of this interpretation lies not only in emphasizing the analysis of patients′ sensitization patterns through advanced allergen component resolved diagnostics (CRD) but also in providing new research perspectives for exploring the unique features of weed pollen allergy in China. The complexity and diversity of weed pollen allergy, including its distribution and prevalence in different geographical regions, the characteristics of allergen component protein families, and their clinical significance, all require in-depth investigation. This interpretation aims to enhance the comprehensive understanding of allergen components in weed pollen allergy among relevant professionals, with the expectation of achieving outstanding progress in diagnosis and treatment. The ultimate goal is to develop more personalized and precise treatment strategies for patients with weed pollen allergy and those reacting to pan-allergens.

Objective:To investigate the short-term efficacy and safety of cardiac contractility modulation (CCM) in patients with heart failure.Methods:This was a cross-sectional study of patients with heart failure who underwent CCM placement at the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University from February to June 2022. With a follow-up of 3 months, CCM sensation, impedance, percent output, and work time were monitored, and patients were compared with pre-and 3-month postoperative left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) values, and 6-minute walk test distance and New York Heart Association (NYHA) cardiac function classification, and the occurrence of complications was recorded.Results:CCM was successfully implanted in all 9 patients. Seven(7/9) of them were male, aged (56±14) years, 3 patients had ischaemic cardiomyopathy and 6 patients had dilated cardiomyopathy. At 3-month postoperative follow-up, threshold was stable, sense was significantly lower at follow-up than before (right ventricle: (16.3±7.0) mV vs. (8.2±1.1) mV, P<0.05; local sense: (15.7±4.9) mV vs. (6.7±2.5) mV, P<0.05), and impedance was significantly lower at follow-up than before (right ventricle (846±179) Ω vs. (470±65) Ω, P<0.05, local sense: (832±246) Ω vs. (464±63) Ω, P<0.05). The CCM output percentage was (86.9±10.7) %, the output amplitude was (6.7±0.4) V, and the daily operating time was (8.6±1.0) h. LVEF was elevated compared to preoperative ((29.4±5.2) % vs. (38.3±4.3) %, P<0.05), the 6-minute walk test was significantly longer than before ((96.8±66.7)m vs. (289.3±121.7)m, P<0.05). No significant increase in the number of NYHA Class Ⅲ-Ⅳ patients was seen (7/9 vs. 2/9, P>0.05). The patient was not re-hospitalised for worsening heart failure symptoms, had no malignant arrhythmic events and experienced significant relief of symptoms such as chest tightness and shortness of breath. No postoperative complications related to pocket hematoma, pocket infection and rupture, electrode detachment, valve function impairment, pericardial effusion, or cardiac perforation were found. Conclusions:CCM has better short-term safety and efficacy in patients with heart failure.

This article interprets the research progress and clinical applications of weed pollen allergen components as outlined in the European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (EAACI) guidelines on Molecular Allergology User′s Guide 2.0. The significance of this interpretation lies not only in emphasizing the analysis of patients′ sensitization patterns through advanced allergen component resolved diagnostics (CRD) but also in providing new research perspectives for exploring the unique features of weed pollen allergy in China. The complexity and diversity of weed pollen allergy, including its distribution and prevalence in different geographical regions, the characteristics of allergen component protein families, and their clinical significance, all require in-depth investigation. This interpretation aims to enhance the comprehensive understanding of allergen components in weed pollen allergy among relevant professionals, with the expectation of achieving outstanding progress in diagnosis and treatment. The ultimate goal is to develop more personalized and precise treatment strategies for patients with weed pollen allergy and those reacting to pan-allergens.

In recent years, studies have shown that exosomes can replace mesenchymal stem cell for chronic wound repair. However, exosomes have some problems such as poor targeting, low availability and low yield, so it has limited effect in the treatment of chronic wound. Maximizing the therapeutic benefits of exosomes is the primary challenge that needs to be overcome when used for chronic wound repair. Studies have shown that the treatment potential of exosomes can be further developed by pretreatment and engineering modification of exosomes. This article reviewed the research progress of exosome pretreatment and engineering modification in chronic wound repair, and provided reference for subsequent research and clinical application.

In recent years, studies have shown that exosomes can replace mesenchymal stem cell for chronic wound repair. However, exosomes have some problems such as poor targeting, low availability and low yield, so it has limited effect in the treatment of chronic wound. Maximizing the therapeutic benefits of exosomes is the primary challenge that needs to be overcome when used for chronic wound repair. Studies have shown that the treatment potential of exosomes can be further developed by pretreatment and engineering modification of exosomes. This article reviewed the research progress of exosome pretreatment and engineering modification in chronic wound repair, and provided reference for subsequent research and clinical application.

BACKGROUND:Currently,a variety of mesenchymal stem cells have been confirmed to have the effect of promoting wound repair,but there is still a lack of relevant research on whether placenta-derived mesenchymal stem cells can promote acute skin wound healing. OBJECTIVE:To investigate the effect of placenta-derived mesenchymal stem cell transplantation on the healing of acute skin wound in rats. METHODS:Twenty SD rats were divided into PBS group and stem cell group by the random number table method,with 10 rats in each group.All rats were selected to establish a full-thickness skin defect model.In the PBS group and stem cell group,PBS buffer and placenta-derived mesenchymal stem cells were immediately injected on the wound surface and wound margin immediately and on day 8 after modeling.The wound healing was observed immediately and on days 2,4,6,8,10,12,and 14 after modeling.The skin tissue of the wound surface was taken on day 14 and treated with hematoxylin-eosin staining,Masson staining,immunohistochemical staining and immunofluorescence staining. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)The wound surface of the rats in each group decreased with the prolongation of treatment time.The wound healing rate and wound epithelization rate of the stem cell group at 14 days were higher than those of the PBS group(P<0.01),and the wound contracture rate was lower than that of the PBS group(P<0.01).(2)The results of hematoxylin-eosin staining showed that the skin wound healing of the stem cell group was better than that of the PBS group;the degree of wound epithelization was higher,and the morphology of collagen fibers was close to that of normal skin.(3)Masson staining results showed that compared with the PBS group,collagen fibers in the skin wound tissue of the stem cell group were significantly increased and thicker,and the content of collagen fibers in the new tissue was significantly higher than that of the PBS group(P<0.01).(4)Immunohistochemical staining showed that the number of new capillaries in the stem cell group was higher than that in the PBS group(P<0.01),while the expressions of tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-6 were lower than those in the PBS group(P<0.01).(5)Immunofluorescence staining showed that the number of M2 macrophages in the new wounds of the stem cell group was higher than that of the PBS group(P<0.01),while the number of M1 macrophages was less than that in the PBS group(P<0.01).These findings indicate that placenta-derived mesenchymal stem cells can accelerate skin wound healing,promote wound epithelization,and reduce wound contracture,which may be related to the promotion of capillary angiogenesis,regulation of collagen fiber production,inhibition of inflammation,and regulation of macrophage polarization to M2 type.

OBJECTIVE To explore the current status and safety of medication in pregnant patients, and explore the working mode and data accumulation of the pregnancy medication consultation clinic. METHODS All pregnant women who received consultations at the Pregnancy and Lactation Medication Consultation Clinic of the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine from October 2021 to December 2022 were selected as the study subjects. Their names, ages, contact information, last menstrual period, and medication use during pregnancy were recorded, and the medication profile and safety of the study population were evaluated. Organized the intervention measures of clinical pharmacists and conducted follow-up studies on their pregnancy outcomes. RESULTS A total of 179 consultation pregnant women were included, and 80% of the patients in the study population used drugs in the unknown pregnancy state, with 3 drugs per capita. The most common reason for drug use was upper respiratory tract infection. The three types of drugs with the highest use rate were traditional Chinese patent medicines, antibacterial drugs, antipyretic and analgesic drugs. The usage rate of B-grade drugs in the study population was the highest, accounting for 51.3%; 8.4% of patients used X-grade medication. One hundred and fifty-one cases were followed up, with a loss of follow-up rate of 15.6%. The recommended acceptance rate of drug risk assessment given by pharmacists for patients was 95.4%. There were 98.7% of patients believe that pregnancy counseling clinics were helpful and could effectively alleviate anxiety. CONCLUSION Pregnancy medication consultation clinics can provide patients with scientific and personalized medication guidance and popular science education, and have significant effects in alleviating anxiety and depression in pregnant women.

AIM:To observe the effect of icariin-astragaloside Ⅳ-puerarin mixture(Yin-Huang-Ge mixture,YHG)on cognitive function and ferroptosis amino acid metabolism pathway in hepcidin(HAMP)knockout APPswe/PS1dE9(APP/PS1 HAMP-/-)mice.METHODS:The mice were divided into 7 groups:negative control(C57BL/6 mice)group,APP/PS1 group,APP/PS1 HAMP-/-group,APP/PS1+YHG group,APP/PS1 HAMP-/-+YHG group,APP/PS1+de-ferasirox(DFX)group,and APP/PS1 HAMP-/-+DFX group,with 6 mice in each group.The YHG and DFX were adminis-tered intragastrically,while the mice in C57 group,APP/PS1 group and APP/PS1 HAMP-/-group were given intragastric administration of distilled water,once a day for 2 months.The iron content in mouse brain tissues was detected by tissue iron kit.The morphological changes of the mitochondria in hippocampal neurons were observed by transmission electron microscopy.Morris water maze was used to detect the learning and memory ability of the mice.The content of neuronal nu-clear antigen(NeuN)in mouse brain tissues was detected by immunofluorescence staining.The expression of glutathione(GSH)in mouse brain tissues was detected by biochemical kit.The expression levels of glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit(GCLC)and glutamatase 2(GLS2)in mouse brain tissues were detected by Western blot.RESULTS:Compared with C57BL/6 mice,the brain iron content of APP/PS1 mice was significantly increased(P＜0.01),the mitochondria were seriously damaged,the learning and memory ability was significantly decreased(P＜0.05),the brain neurons were seri-ously damaged(P＜0.01),and the expression levels of GSH,GCLC and GLS2 were significantly decreased(P＜0.01).Compared with APP/PS1 mice,the brain iron content of APP/PS1 HAMP-/-mice was significantly increased(P＜0.01),the mitochondria were seriously damaged,the learning and memory ability was significantly decreased(P＜0.05),the brain neurons were seriously damaged(P＜0.01),and the expression levels of GSH,GCLC and GLS2 were significantly decreased(P＜0.05).After treatment with YHG and DFX,the brain iron content was significantly decreased(P＜0.01),the mitochondrial damage was alleviated,the learning and memory ability was significantly increased(P＜0.05),the brain neuron damage was alleviated(P＜0.01),and the expression levels of GSH,GCLC and GLS2 were significantly increased(P＜0.05).CONCLUSION:The YHG can improve the cognitive function of APP/PS1 HAMP-/-mice,and its mechanism may be related to the regulation of ferroptosis amino acid metabolism and the enhancement of antioxidant capacity.

Diabetic wound is a complication of diabetes, which is difficult to heal and easy to turn into chronic wound. Compared with ordinary wound healing, diabetic wounds stay in the inflammatory stage and can not enter the proliferative stage. This is because the proportion of pro-inflammatory cytokines increases, leading to the imbalance of inflammatory cells and the accumulation of a large number of inflammatory factors. The production and release of inflammatory factors is closely related to pyroptosis. Pyroptosis is a kind of programmed death mode of inflammatory cells. Mediated by inflammasome, pyroptosis is transduced through typical and atypical inflammasome signaling pathways, resulting in the formation of pores on the cell membrane and inducing cell death. In this process, a large number of pro-inflammatory cytokines are released to maintain the inflammatory environment of wounds, hindering the development of diabetic wounds to the proliferative stage and remodeling stage, thus inhibiting the healing of diabetic wounds. This article reviews the mechanism of pyroptosis and its effect on diabetic wounds, the potential significance of inhibiting pyroptosis in the treatment of diabetic wounds, and the existing problems.

Purpose: This study aimed to determine the optimal cutoff points for age and tumor size of patients with intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) and to establish and verify a predictive nomogram of overall survival at 1, 3, and 5 years. Methods: From the SEER (Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results) database, 1,325 ICC patients were selected and randomly divided into training and testing cohorts at a 7:3 ratio. Using the X-tile software, age and tumor size were classified into 3 subgroups: ≤61, 62–74, and ≥75 years and ≤35, 36–55, and ≥56 mm. Subsequently, univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses were performed using the R software in the training cohort to determine independent risk factors, compile the prediction nomogram, and verify it with the testing cohort findings. Results: The C-indexes of the new prediction nomograms in the training and testing cohorts were 0.738 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.718–0.758) and 0.750 (95% CI, 0.72–0.78), respectively. Furthermore, the areas under the 1-, 3-, and 5-year receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves based on the nomogram were 0.792, 0.853, and 0.838, respectively, higher than the ROC based on the 7th and 8th editions of the American Joint Cancer Commission (AJCC) staging system. Conclusion This study established and verified a prognostic nomogram that improved the accuracy of the 1-, 3-, and 5-year survival predictions for ICC patients, compared with that based on the 7th and 8th editions of the AJCC staging system, and can help clinicians make personalized survival predictions.