Objective To discuss the causes of syncope and its influencing factors for medical students during the comprehensive military training in military medical university and explore the measures to prevent the incidence.Methods Combined with practical exercises,the clinical data of 42 cases of syncope during the comprehensive military training were retrospectively investigated and analyzed.Results During the military training,the percentage of vascular dysfunction syncope was 78.87%,and girls had higher rate than boys(Chi square=28.27,P

[Objective]To study the surgical technique for the treatment of acetabular fractures.[Method]Retrospective analysis on consecutive acetabular fractures operatively treated at our hospital from January 1995 to March 2005 was made to find out the correlation factors influenced on the operative approaches.[Result]A total of 107 cases had surgery for an acetabular fracture in the meamtime.Of them,44 were exposed through a Kocher-Langenbeck approach,5 through an extended iliofemoral route,30 through an ilioinguinal or an anterior extensile approach,and 28 through a combined anterior and posterior incisions.After operation,anatomic reduction was obtained in 66 cases,good reduction in 36,incomplete reduction in 5.According to AAOS score,the satisfactory rate was 89.72% after following-up 1 to 11 years.[Conclusion]To determine reasonable surgical exposure of an acetabular fracture,the key factors are fracture type and its displacement direction,and the important reference factors include associated injuries with the fracture,operative time and complications related to different operative routes.

[Objective]To investigate the injury characteristics and treatment of the Hoffa facture associated with extensor mechanism injury.[Method]Four patients with Hoffa facture associated with extensor mechanism injury treated in author's hospital in recent 6 years were enrolled in this study.All the patients were multiple-injured,and associated with the ipsilateral limb fracture and retinacular and capsule laceration.The site of the extensor mechanism injury included 1 distal patellar tendon disruption,2 proximal patellar tendon disruption,and 1 distal quadriceps tendon disruption.No cruciate ligament injury was found in 3 ipsilateral bicondylar fractures.One unicondylar fracture was associated with anterior and posterior cruciate ligament and medial collateral ligament injury simultaneously.Emergency operation was performed along with the debridement in the three open fractures.In another patient with closed fracture,operation was performed one week after injury.Fractures were reduced and fixed with lag screws.Extensor apparatus were repaired and strengthened with a tension band wire through both patella and tibia.Ipsilateral limb fractures were reduced and internal fixed with hardware simultaneously. The knees were immobilized in extension with cast after operation,and flexion exercise was commenced four to six weeks later.[Result]Four patients wounds reached the first rate healing.There was no infection and necrosis of skin.All patients were followed-up for six months to three years.All 7 condyles of the 4 patients reached bone union.Healing time was about six to twelve weeks.According to Letenneur’s functional assessment system,excellent and good results were in 1 cases,fine in 3 cases.[Conclusion]Hoffa facture associated with extensor mechanism injury are usually accompanied with injuries in other part of the body.In open fracture,emergency operation is mandatory,and fracture reduction and internal fixation and extensor apparatus repair should be performed along with debridement.Tension band wire may strengthen the stability of the extensor mechanism and facilitated early mobilization.

[Objective]To explore the surgical technique for the treatment of different acetabular fractures.[Method]Consecutive 126 cases with displaced acetabular fractures were undergone an open reduction and internal fixation at our hospital from January 1995 to March 2006.Of them,there were 61 cases with simple type of fractures,65 cases with complicated type,and 14 cases with old fracture,112 with fresh fracture.The following precedures were taken according to the fracture type,namely,free fracture fragments in the hip joint were first dealed with,compressed or reversed subcartilage fracture blocks in the weight-bearing area of the joint should be reduced.By assistanee with some particular acetabular surgical instruments,the rotated or anterior/posterior(medial/lateral) displacement of the fracture was first reduced,then apart displacement of fracture was finally repositioned,and then fixed with reconstructed plate.[Result]No perioperative deaths occurred.After operation,anatomic reduction was achieved in 78 cases,good reduction in 42,incomplete reduction in 6.At a follow-up of 1 to 12 years,a excellent and good result was attained in 90.47% of the patients according to the American Academy of Orthopedic Surgeons(AAOS) score.[Conclusion]The different method of open reduction should be taken for different fracture of the acetabulum.The exact methods of the reduction are determined by the fracture type and its displacement direction as well as the operative approach.

[Objective]To provide Chinese morphological data for anterior C1、2 transarticular screw fixation.[Method]With a digital vernier and a goniometer made in China,the anatomic parameters related to anterior C1、2 transarticular screw fixation were measured from 50 pairs of dried Chinese adult human C1 and C2 vertebrae.[Result]In the anterior transarticular screw fixation,the lateral angulation of the screw tract to the sagittal plane ranged from(10.8?2.10)? to(25.13?3.12)?,the posterior anguation to the coronal plane from(8.85?2.12)? to(26.96?3.09)?,the screw tract length was from(17.48?2.1) mm to(25.4?2.59)mm,the distance from medial part of C2 foramen to the middle of C2 body was(14.12?1.28)mm.[Conclusion]It is optimal for the anterior C1、2 transarticular screw fixation to place the anterior C1、2 transarticular screw with the length of 17 mm to 25 mm in lateral angulation ranged from 10? to 25? and the posterior angulation ranged from 9? to 27?.During the procedure,the dissecting distance from the middle of C2 to lateral should not exceed 14 mm.

[Objective]To explore the techniques and effect of atlantoaxial instability with posterior transarticular screw fixation.[Method]A prospective clinical analysis was performed for the results of the modified posterior C1、2 transarticular screw fixation,in which the middle site of lower margin in the axial inferior articular process was used as the screw entry point in the procedure.Twenty cases of atlantoaxial instability underwent the modified C1、2 stabilization with morselized autograft from September 2001 to September 2006.There were 15 males and 5 females,averaged 32.2 years(range 17 to 49 years).Of them,4 cases suffered from fresh injuries,14 from old trauma,1 from congenital deformity,and 1 from intraspinal tumor.Postoperative indexes including the reduction extent of vertebral body,internal fixation,bone fusion,clinical symptoms and their complication were observed periodically.[Result]Bilateral screw fixation was used alone in 17 cases,with Gallie interspinous wiring for added stability in 3.Anatomical reduction of the atlantoaxial joints was achieved in19 cases,while rotational dislocation was restored to a great extent in 1.Fixation of all the internal devices was very well in the group.All cases were followed up from 16 to 64 months(21 months on average).C1、2 bony fusion was obtained in postoperative 2 to 3 months,clinical symptoms relieved and no complications occurred.[Conclusion]The modified posterior transarticular screw fixation using new screw entry site is recommended as an effective treatment for C1、2 instability due to its simple procedure and satisfying curative effect.

[Objective]To study the screw trajectory in the posterior atalanto-axial transarticular screw fixation.[Methods](1)The anatomical parameters related to the screw fixation were measured on 30 paired dry atlantoaxial specimens;(2)The X ray and CT scan were taken after C1、2 was fixed by posterior transarticular screws on 6 cadavers.These iterms were used to explore the anatomical relation of the vertebral artery and the screw trajectory in the posterior C1、2 fixation.[Results]The depth of the vertebral artery groove on the inferior surface of the superior facet of the axial was(5.86 1.45)mm;the vertebral artery groove extented the superior facet up to its medial third in 15 sides,up to the middle third and its lateral third respective in 35 and 9 sides,and the ideal screw trajectory medial angle of these specimens were(26.4?3.44)?,(16.1?2.44)?,(15.1?2.24)? respectively。The shortest distance between the vertebral artery and the screw trajectory lied in the topmost point of the vertebral artery groove of the axial on CT images,and the interval was(2.75～5.78)mm.[Conclusion]The position of vertebral artery groove of the axial is the key to decide the angle of the screw trajectory.The shortest interval between screw trajectory and vertebral artery,safe for posterior atalanto-axial transarticular screw fixation,locates on the inferior surface of the superior facet of the axial.

Purpose:To look for an ideal screening method in vitro for establishing osteosarcoma cell sublines with different metastat ic potential. Methods:20 osteosarcoma cell sublines were isolated preliminari ly by clone technique in vitro. They were screened by electrophores migratio n rate assay and cell migration assay in vitro and obtained respectively a h igh and low metastatic potential osteosarcoma cell sublines (A1、A2、B1 and B2). The advantages of the two methods were compared and confirmed by using cell pro liferation, agarose clony-formation and transplantation in nude mice. Results:The cell proliferation rate , agarose clony-formation ability and spontaneous metastatic ability to lung of A1 and B1 were obviously h igher than that of A2 and B2 and the difference was statistically significant( P

Objective To investigate the clinical efficacy of uterine incision diverticulum type repair after cesarean section treated by laparoscopy and transvaginal combined with repair in.order to provide the reference for the clinical operation scheme selection.Methods Fifty-two patients who underwent uterine incision diverticulum type repair after cesarean section in the Second People's Hospital of Jingzhou were randomly divided into observation group and control group with 26 cases in each.Patients in the observation group were treated with laparoscopy combined with repair treatment,and patients in the control group were treated with transvaginal repair treatment.The operation periods,cut bleeding volume,postoperative anal exhaust time for the first time,postoperative highest temperature and length of hospital stay were recorded to evaluate the repair and uterine diverticula recovery at 3 months after operation.Results The operation periods in the observation group was (119.91 ± 35.73) min,longer than that in the control group ((62.32 ± 31.83) min ; t =3.514,P ＜0.05).There were on significant differences between two groups in terms of the amount of bleeding,anal discharge first time,the highest postoperative temperature and contrast after a few days in hospital (P＞ 0.05).After treatment,the observation group menstrual recovery rate was 84.62％ and 88.46％ in the control group.The differences were not statistically significant (x2 =1.14,1.76,P ＞ 0.05).Conclusion Laparoscopy hemiorrhaphy and transvaginal repair are effective treatment for uterine incision diverticulum after caesarean operation.The corresponding treatment plan can be made according to the patient's condition.

Objective To study method and timing of internal fixation for long bone fractures in polytraumatized patients with fat embolism syndrome (FES). Methods Twenty-eight cases of polytraumatized patients with FES received internal fixation for their long bone fractures in our hospital from January 1990 to August 2004. The method and timing of internal fixation were analyzed retrospectively. The long bone fractures in 27 cases were treated 5 to 7 days after their clinic FES symptoms disappeared, while one fracture was treated five days after the FES symptoms were relieved and the vital signs became stable. Eleven cases of long bone fracture were treated with open fixation by unreamed or slightly reamed intramedullary nailing while 27 cases were fixated with plate internally. Results Of the 27 patients who received open reduction and internal fixation for their fractures 5 to 7 days after disappearance of FES symptoms, 22 cases experienced no postoperative complications but fever and quickened pulse reoccurred in five cases after the first osteosynthesis. However, FES-like symptoms reoccurred in the one case who received the first operation when FES did not disappear. Conclusions Internal fixation by plate and intramedullary nailing without reaming are safe for polytraumatized patients with FES and long bone fractures. Proper timing of the first surgery for this kind of patient should be 5 to 7 days after the disappearance of FES.