Nanomedicine offers great promise for early diagnosis and treatment of formidable diseases. The unique morphology and biology characteristics of bacteriophage provide unprecedented opportunity for such endeavor. The paper summarizes the application of bacteriophage in nanobiomaterials, nanomedicine, nanomedicine delivery and nanodiagnosis, especially the nano-imaging reagents and future direction concerning nanomedicine based on bacteriophage.

Objective To observe the developmental changes of projection and termination of proprioceptive afferent fibers in the mouse spinal cord. Methods Parvalbumin (PV) immunohistochemistry was used to label the proprioceptive afferents. Single and dual immunofluorescence histochemistry were used to examine the growth pattern of proprioceptive afferents and their relationships with motoneurons in the spinal ventral horn (VH). The stained sections were observed under a confocal laserscanning microscope. Results PV-like immunoreactive (LI) proprioceptive fibers first appeared in the dorsal column on embryonic (E) day 14, then entered the gray matter on El5 and reached the intermediate gray matter and VH more obviously on E16. The number and intensity of PV-LI proprioceptive afferent fibers and punctata increased in the VH with age and reached a maximum during earlier postnatal (P) period (P0-P7). After P14, the number and intensity of proprioceptive afferents gradually decreased. The proprioceptive terminals seemed to form close relationship with motoneurons from E17. Conclusion The present study indicates that the somatotopic organization of proprioceptive afferents in the spinal cord is established during the late embryonic and early postnatal stages. These results provide evidence for understanding the development of the reflex movements.

The present study was designed to examine the developmental changes in projection and termination of nociceptive and proprioceptive afferent fibers in the spinal cord by labeling those two fibers with calcitonion gene-related peptide (CGRP) and parvalbumin (PV)separately in mouse embryos and neonatal pups aged embryonic day 15 to posanatal day 3 (E15 -P3). CGRP-like immunoreactive (LI)nociceptive fibers first appeared in the superficial dorsal horn (DH) at E16. The afferent projections extended laterally to the DH and entered into the deep portions of the DH at E17 and E18. After birth, the projection pattern of CGRP-LI fibers remained unchanged but the intensity of afferent terminals increased in the superficial laminae and their branching patterns became more complicated. In addition,CGRP-LI collaterals that projected into the contralateral DH were also examined after E16. Around birth, the contralateral projections were also found originated from the lateral part of the DH. PV-LI proprioceptive afferents were first observed entering the gray matter at E15 and reached the intermediate gray matter (IG) and the ventral horn (VH) more obviously on E16. The number and intensity of PV-LI fibers increased in the the VH with age and reached a maximum during earlier postnatal period ( P0-P3 ). The proprioceptive terminals seemed to form close relationship with motoneurons in the VH from E17. Our results indicate that the somatotopic organization of nociceptive and proprioceptive afferents in the spinal cord both are established during the late embryonic and early postnatal stages. These results help to understand the development of the sensory transmission in more details.

Depending on the meaning and function of the liver in traditional Chinese medicine and modern medicine,this paper explores the important role of liver in the pathogenesis of DM (Diabetes Mellitus,DM).Combined with treatment based on syndrome differentiation and specific case report study,this paper has stressed the importance of treating DM from liver and so to set a sound basis for the systemic treatment based on syndrome differentiation from internal organs for DM.

Objective:Occult breast cancer (OBC) accounts for 0.3%-1.0%of all breast cancers. Because of the rarity of this dis-ease, its treatment and prognosis remain unclear. Our study evaluated the treatment outcomes and prognostic factors associated with OBC. Methods:A total of 82 patients diagnosed with OBC based on available criteria were treated at the Cancer Hospital of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China, between January 1968 and June 2014. Except for 16 patients who were treated by needle biopsy or excisional biopsy only and were subsequently excluded, all of the cases reported were included in the study. Of the remaining 66 patients, one was male. Patient data, tumor characteristics, and treatment and outcome variables were evaluated. Overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) were analyzed. A unicentric retrospective review of 66 patients with OBC was performed. Re-sults:The median follow-up was 75.5 months (7.0-328.0). No significant differences in OS and DFS were observed between patients who underwent mastectomy plus axillary lymph node dissection (Mast+ALND) and those who underwent breast conservation surgery (P>0.05). Univariate analysis revealed that nodal status is a significant prognosis factor of DFS (P=0.031). Conclusion:No significant difference in treatment outcomes between mastectomy+ALND and breast conservation surgery was observed. Nodal status may be an independent predictor of poor outcomes in OBC patients.

Objective To observe the efficiency and safety of brachytherapy by CT-guided percutaneous paracentesis implantationof iodine-125 seed for lung cancer in elder patients.Methods 46 elder patients with lung cancer(65~81 years)were undergonebrachytherapy by CT-guided percutanepus paracentesis implantation of iodine-125 seeds with implanting needle(18-gauge). The effect of treatment according to observe the changes of tumors in size was evaluated after operation 1,2,3 and 6 months,respectively. Results There were totally 57 lesions in 46 cases,7 cases were undergone two times of implantation,and 1 case was undergone three times of implantation,totally the puncture accounted for 76. The effective rate (CR+PR) of treatment after one ,two, three, and six months was 8.77%(5/57), 40.35%(23/57),89.47%(51/57) and 96.49%(55/57),respectively. 5 patients(6.58%) accompanied by pneumathorax.Conclusion Brachytherapy by CT-guided percutaneous paracentesis implantation of iodine-125 seed is a safe, reliable and effective treatment for lung cancer, especially for elder patients.

Objective To explore the role of National Natural Science Foundation (NSFC) funding on improving medical research of China,based on the SCIE paper output of a teaching hospital in East China,in order to provide evidence-based decision-making basis for hospital management of scientific research and discipline construction.Methods SCIE output of a teaching hospital in East China during 2009-2015 was retrieved based on the web of science (WOS) platform.The papers funded by the NSFC were further analyzed.Results From 2009 to 2015,the output of SCIE of the hospital showed a steady upward trend,with an annual growth rate of 26.10％.Among them,the NSFC funded project output 835 papers SCIE,accounting for 46.62％oo of the total paper;and the absolute value of the output of the paper showed an upward trend year by year,an increase of 49.52％.The main subjects of the NSFC funded by the hospital focus on oncology,liver disease and digestive system diseases and cardiovascular and cardiovascular diseases,and the hospital's clinical status basically.The quality of the journals published by the NSFC SCIE project funded by the hospital was significantly improved.Conclusions NSFC funding plays an important role in improving the output and quality of SCIE papers in clinical medicine,which should be paid attention to in scientific research management and decision-making.

Objective To analyze the reasons of non-planned decannulation (NPD) of peripheraly inserted central catheter (PICC) and explore the applicable prevention strategies.Methods We retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of 432 patients who underwent PICC cannulations maintenance between July 2005 and June 2008.The reasons of 26 cases of NPD were analyzed.Results The main reasons of NPD included cannulation occlusion,cannulation ectopia or translocation,cannulation exfoliation,cannulation-related infections,mechanical phlebitis,and thrombus formation.The complications usually were caused by the poor cannulation material,incorrect fixation,top of canuulation not reaching superior vena cava,lack of management measures for outpatients,accidents,and others.Effective measures for preventing NPD included:use silica gel cannulation;ensure the top of canuulation reach the superior vena cava;and improve the communications between outpatients and nurses.Conclusion NPD of PICC may be caused by various reasons and effective prevention measures should be taken.

[ ABSTRACT] AIM:To investigate the role of encapsulated protein transfected into human bone marrow mesen-chymal stem cells ( hBMSCs) by polyethyleneimine ( PEI) , and to optimize the best mole ratio of PEI-proteins.METH-ODS:6 groups of DNase I-PEI complexes were constructed and the best mole ratio was explored by laser scattering analy-sis.The appearance of complexes was presented under transmission electron microscope.Meanwhile, 4 groups of construc-ted GFP-PEI complexes were utilized to transfect into the hBMSCs, which were isolated and expand in vitro.The fluores-cence intensity of transfected cells was observed under confocal microscope.In addition, the cytotoxicity of the complexes on the cell proliferation was detected by MTT assay.The activity of the intracellular proteins was testified by aβ-galactosi-dase staining experiment.RESULTS:When the mole ratio of PEI and protein was adjusted to 4∶1, the complex transfec-tion efficiency was the best, and β-galactosidase color test turned blue.CONCLUSION:PEI has the character of encap-sulating various proteins to nano-complexes.The proteins transfected into bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells are con-firmed to have functional activity.As a protein carrier, PEI is of high efficiency and low toxicity, thus providing a new way for stem cell reprogramming.

Objective To investigate the level of the clinical nurses' critical thinking disposition and the competence about nursing ethical decision making,and analyze the relationship between them.Methods A total of 359 clinical nurses were recruited by stratified random sampling method.They were investigated with general situation questionnaire,critical thinking disposition inventory-Chinese version (CTDI-CV) and judgment about nursing decisiors(JAND).Results The total score of CTDI-CV was (285.06±26.79),the total score of JAND was(267.91±16.62).The influencing factors of clinical nurses' competence about nursing ethical decision making was education background,ways of obtaining occupational knowledge,training of nursing ethical decision.The clinical nurses' competence about nursing ethical decision making was positively correlated with critical thinking disposition.Conclusions The level of clinical nurses' critical thinking disposition and competence about nursing ethical decision making are medium,in order to improve the level of competence about nursing ethical decision making,both school education and the continue education among hospital should strengthen the training of nurses' critical thinking disposition.