BACKGROUND: Many experiments have proved that heavy-load movement training causes the acute increase of free radicals. The increase of endogenous free radicals and caused cellular and subcellular lipid peroxidation strengthening injure the structure and function of tissue cells, thereby, decrease motor ability. Sleep deprivation also causes the increase of oxygen free radicals.OBJECTIVE: To observe the changes in malondialdehyde (MDA) and glutathione (GSH) levels as well as superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity in serum of acute exhaustive exercise rats following different time periods of sleep deprivation.DESIGN: A randomized controlled animal experiment.SETTING: Laboratory of Exercise Sciences & Sports Medicine, Physical College, Hunan Normal University.MATERIALS: Thirty healthy male SD rats of clean grade, weighing about (220±13)g, provided by Experimental Animal Center of Hunan Agricultural University, were involved in this study.METHODS: This experiment was carried out in the Laboratory of Exercise Sciences & Sports Medicine, Physical College,Hunan Normal University from April 2006 to May 2006. Thirty rats were randomized into 5 groups: blank control group,simple exercise group, sleep deprivation 24 hours group, sleep deprivation 48 hours group and sleep deprivation 72 hours group, with 6 rats in each group; Rats in the blank control group were allowed to sleep normally, but not do exercise; Rats in the simple exercise group were allowed to sleep normally and executed after acute exhaustive exercise; Rats in the sleep deprivation 24, 48 and 72 hours groups were deprived their sleep for 24, 48 and 72 hours,respectively, then they were executed after acute exhaustive exercise. Method of gentle handling was used in creating rat models of sleep deprivation; Rats in the simple exercise group and sleep deprivation groups were forced to do exercise according to the rat exercise model project established by Bedford: treadmill gradient 10°, speed 19.3 m/min, all the exercise rats were exhaustive (Exhaustion criteria: At the end of exercise, rats reached 1/3 of runway over 3 times;Various stimulations for expelling were invalid. After running, rats presented with breathlessness, expression lassitude,ventral decubitus, slow stimulus response, weaker escape response in being captured). After experiment, rats in each group were executed under the anesthetic state, and their blood was taken out, and centrifuged after natural clotting.Supernatant fluid was taken for detecting MDA and GSH levels as well as SOD activity.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Changes in MDA and GSH levels, and SOD activity in rat serum.RESULTS: Thirty rats were involved in the final analysis. ① MDA level in the simple exercise group was higher than that in the blank control group (P＜ 0.01). MDA level in the sleep deprivation 24 hours, 48 hours and 72 hours was higher than that in the simple exercise group, respectively (P ＜ 0.01). MDA level in the sleep deprivation 72 hours was statistically higher than that in the other sleep deprivation groups, respectively (P ＜ 0.01). ②GSH level in the simple exercise group was lower than that in the blank control group (P ＜ 0.01). GSH level in the sleep deprivation 24 hours group was higher than that in the simple exercise group [(P ＜ 0.01). GSH level in the sleep deprivation 24 hours and 48 hours groups was lower than that in the simple exercise group, respectively (P ＜ 0.05, 0.01). There were statistical differences in GSH level among sleep deprivation groups (all P＜ 0.01). ③ SOD activity in the simple exercise group was lower than that in the blank control group (P ＜ 0.01); SOD activity in the sleep deprivation 24, 48 and 72 hours groups was lower than that in the simple exercise group, respectively (P ＜ 0.01); SOD activity in the sleep deprivation 48 and 72 hours groups was significantly lower than that in the blank control group, respectively (P ＜ 0.01); There were statistical differences in SOD activity among sleep deprivation groups (P ＜ 0.01).CONCLUSION: Sleep deprivation can cause serumal oxidative stress injury of rats; With elongation of time of sleep deprivation and exhaustive exercise, oxygen free radical production in serum of rats accumulates more and more, ability to get rid of oxygen free radical becomes weaker and weaker, and injury to body is more and more obvious.Serumal oxidative stress status of acute exhaustive exercise rats following sleep deprivation

BACKGROUND:During fracture healing, in addition to the need for appropriate biomechanical environment, the role of cytokines is also increasingly attracted attention.
OBJECTIVE:To study the effect of nerve growth factor and alpha-lipoic acid on fracture healing in rat models of femoral fracture.
METHODS:Sprague-Dawley rat models of femoral fracture were established. Seventy-two rats were randomly divided into three groups. In the control group, rats were intramuscularly injected with physiological saline. In the nerve growth factor group, rats were intramuscularly injected with nerve growth factor 200 ng/kg, once a day. In the combined therapy group, rats were intramuscularly injected with nerve growth factor 200 ng/kg and oral y taken alpha-lipoic acid 25 mg/kg, once a day. At 1, 2 and 3 weeks after administration, bony cal us volume was measured. Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay was used to measure serum bone morphogenetic protein-2 levels. Western blot assay was utilized to detect bone morphogenetic protein-2 protein expression at the broken end of fracture. Semi-quantitative RT-PCR was applied to examine vascular endothelial growth factor mRNA expression.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1) At 1 week after administration, no significant difference in bony cal us volume was detected among the three groups. Serum bone morphogenetic protein-2 level, bone morphogenetic protein-2 protein expression, and vascular endothelial growth factor mRNA expression were significantly higher in the nerve growth factor group and combined therapy group compared with the control group (P<0.05), but no significant difference was found between the two groups. (2) At 2 weeks after administration, the amount of cal us, serum bone morphogenetic protein-2 levels, bone morphogenetic protein-2 protein expression, and vascular endothelial growth factor mRNA levels were significantly higher in the nerve growth factor group and combined therapy group compared with the control group (P<0.05). Above expression levels were higher in the combined therapy group than in the nerve growth factor group (P<0.05). (3) At 3 weeks after administration, serum bone morphogenetic protein-2 levels, bone morphogenetic protein-2 protein expression, and vascular endothelial growth factor mRNA levels were significantly decreased in the nerve growth factor group. However, above expression levels were stil high in the combined therapy group, and significantly higher than in the nerve growth factor group (P<0.05). (4) These results indicate that nerve growth factor combined with alpha-lipoic acid had better effects on the fracture healing compared with the nerve growth factor alone.

Objective To evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of celiac continued circulatory hyper -thermia perfusion with chemotherapy in the treatment of cancer with ascites .Methods Databases including the Cochrane Library MEDLINE,PubMed,Embase,CBM,VIP,CNKI and WanFang Data,and the other sources as supplying .The literatures were screened according to the inclusion criteria ,extracted data and assessed the meth-odological quality ,and then meta -analysis was performed using RevMan 5.0.2 software.Results Totally 14 RCTs with 867 patients were included .Meta-analysis showed that compared intraperitoneal chemotherapy ,with celiac continued circulatory hyperthermia perfusion had a significant difference in CR ( OR=3.18,95%CI:2.18~4.64,P<0.00001),PR(OR=2.05,95%CI:1.51~2.77,P<0.00001),overall effective rate(OR=4.88, 95%CI:3.59~6.46,P<0.00001).The incidence of adverse reactions was no statistically significant in the two groups.Conclusion Celiac continued circulatory hyperthermia perfusion with chemotherapy in the treatment of cancer with ascites demonstrates better efficacy and safety ,but it still needs to verify the above conclusion .

Objective To analyse the clinical effects on colon cancer with acute intestinal obstruction.Methods 56 patients with acute intestinal obstruction caused by colon cancer were studied retrospectively.The experience of diagnosis was summarized.Results 47 patients with acute intestinal obstruction caused by colon cancer received Stage Ⅰ tumor resection and the other 9 patients received different stages.54 patients healed (96.4％) and 1perioperative deaths (1.8 ％).Postoperative complications occurred in 18 cases (32.1％) including incision infection,intraperitoneal infection and intestinal fistula.Conclusion Stage Ⅰ tumor resection is feasible and safe surgical procedures for acute intestinal obstruction caused by colon cancer.

Objective To investigate the protective effect of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) on neuronal injury induced by ropivacaine (Rop) and its mechanism.Methods (1) Experiment one:0,1,2,3,4 and 5 mmol/L Rop was used to stimulate SH-SY5Y cells for 48 h to induce neuronal injury;the morphological changes of the cells were observed under microscope;MTT assay was used to detect the cell activity;flow cytometry was used to detect the cell apoptosis,and immunohistochemistry was used to detect the expressions of protein kinase B (Akt) and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA).(2) Experiment two:SH-SY5Y cells were treated with 0,1,3,5,7 mmol/L Rop,respectively;the cell activity was measured 48 h after Rop treatment;the semi inhibitory concentration (IC50) of Rop was calculated by MTT assay;the SH-SY5Y cells were divided into control group (PBS for 48 h),Rop group (Rop at IC50 for 48 h),BDNF+Rop group (20 μg/L BDNF for 2 h,and Rop at IC50 for 48 h),Akt pathway activator SC79+Rop group (5 mg/L SC79 for 2 h,and Rop at IC50 for 48 h),and BDNF+Akt pathway inhibitor API-2+Rop group (20 μg/L BDNF+10 μmol/L API-2 for 2 h,Rop at IC50 for 48 h);the morphological changes of the cells were observed under microscope;MTT assay was used to detect the cell activity;flow cytometry was used to detect the cell apoptosis,and immunohistochemistry was used to detect the expressions of Akt and PCNA;the expressions of B lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2),Bcl-2-associated X (Bax) and cysteine protease-3 (Caspase-3) were detected by reverse transcription (RT)-PCR and Western blotting.Western blotting was used to detect the expressions of Akt and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K).Results (1) As compared with the 0 mmol/L Rop group,the 1,2,3,4,and 5 mmol/L Rop group had significantly decreased cell activity,significantly increased apoptosis rate,and statistically smaller number of Akt and PCNA positive cells (P＜0.05).(2) As compared with the control group,the Rop group had significantly decreased cell activity,statistically increased apoptosis rate,significantly smaller number of Akt and PCNA positive cells,significantly decreased Bcl-2 mRNA and protein expressions,significantly increased Bax and caspase-3 mRNA and protein expressions,and significantly decreased phosphorylated-(p-) Akt and p-PI3K protein expressions;as compared with the Rop group,the BDNF+Rop group and SC79+Rop group had significantly higher cell activity,significantly decreased apoptosis rate,significantly larger number of Akt and PCNA positive cells,significantly increased Bcl-2 mRNA and protein expressions,statistically decreased mRNA and protein expressions of Bax and Caspase-3,and significantly increased p-Akt and p-PI3K protein expressions (P＜0.05);as compared with the BDNF+Rop group and SC79+Rop group,the BDNF+API-2+Rop group had significantly lower cell activity,significantly increased apoptosis rate,significantly smaller number of Akt and PCNA positive ceils,significantly decreased Bcl-2 mRNA and protein expressions,statistically increased mRNA and protein expressions of Bax and Caspase-3,and significantly decreased p-Akt and p-PI3K protein expressions (P＜0.05).Conclusion BDNF can alleviate ropivacaine-induced neuronal injury by activating Akt signaling pathway,consequently modulating the proliferation and apoptosis of neurons.

Objective To investigate the effect of all-trans retinoic acid (at-RA) on fetal alveolar epithelial type Ⅱ cells (fAEC Ⅱ s) proliferation and the expression of pulmonary surfactant C (SPC) as well as aquaporin 5 (AQP5).Methods fAEC Ⅱ s were isolated and purified from fetal lung of pregnant SD rats (19 days).After being cultured for 1 day,and the fAEC Ⅱ s were interfered by at-RA for 1,2 and 3 days.Cell proliferation,viability as well as growth state,expressions of SPC mRNA as well as AQP5 mRNA and expressions of protein SPC as well as AQP5 were respectively detected by using 4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT),inverted microscope,real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR (RT-PCR) and Western blot.Results (1) When fAEC Ⅱ s were treated with at-RA for 1 day,and the cell proliferation and viability did not change (P ＞ 0.05),while the proliferation and viability were significantly improved in 2 days (P ＜ 0.05),and the difference was the most obvious (P ＜ 0.05) at 3 days.(2)Compared with the control group,the cell growth state was better,and the cell adherence was tighter and the refraction was higher in at-RA group.(3) Compared with the control group,at-RA up-regulated the expressions of AQP5 mRNA and AQP5 protein(t =-19.58,-10.44,-16.01,-46.25,-12.79,-27.96,all P ＜ 0.05),and the percentages of control group were 281.07％,766.67％,1 163.33％ and 792.65％,1 310.52％,1 561.56％ in 1,2 and 3 days respectively.(4) Compared with control group,the expressions of SP-C mRNA and SPC protein were up regulated when cells were exposed to at-RA for 1 and 3 d,but while they were down-regulated at 2 days(protein:the percentages of control group were 615.480％,369.450％ and 11.269％,respectively ; mRNA:728.33 ％,400.83 ％,66.57％,respectively)(t=-26.34,-25.26,13.80,-25.25,-31.71,9.12,all P＜0.05).Conclusions at-RA can promote the proliferation and differentiation of fAEC Ⅱs,enhance the fAEC Ⅱ s viability,and improve the expression of SPC and AQP5.

Objective Lung ultrasound has been used extensively to diagnose many types of lung disease.This study aimed to evaluate the pulmonary reasons for long-term oxygen dependence (LTOD) in premature infants using lung ultrasound.Methods Lung ultrasound was routinely performed in 50 premature infants clinically diagnosed with bronchopulmonary dysplasia(BPD).Results Among the 50 patients studied,there were 9 cases of atelectasis,4 cases of pneumonia,2 cases of severe pulmonary edema,and 3 cases of pulmonary edema and consolidation that coexisted with BPD.The babies' oxygen dependence either resolved completely or significantly decreased following appropriate treatments.Conclusion More than onethird of the cases of LTOD in premature babies were caused by either BPD alone or diseases other than BPD.Lung ultrasound plays an important role in differentiating pulmonary causes of LTOD in BPD patients,and the results of our study suggest that modifying the diagnostic criteria for BPD may be necessary.

Objective To evaluate the value of lung ultrasound in diagnosing infectious pneumonia (IPN) of newborns. Methods Seventy-two infants hospitalized from September 1, 2012 to May 30, 2013, in Bayi Children's Hospital, General Hospital of Beijing Military Command were divided into two groups. The study group consisted of 32 newborn infants diagnosed as IPN by medical history, clinical manifestations and chest X-ray, while the control group consisted of 40 neonates without any lung diseases. In a quiet state, the infants were placed in supine, side or prone position for lung ultrasound examination. The lung field was divided into three areas by the anterior and posterior axillary line. The regions of the bilateral lung were scanned by the probe which was vertical with the ribs. Fisher's exact was performed for stastical analysis. Results The most important ultrasound imaging findings of IPN included lung consolidation of varying size and shape with irregular and serrated margins (100%, 32/32), dynamic air bronchograms (100%, 32/32), A-line disappearance (100%, 32/32) and interstitial syndrome (100%, 32/32). Other common ultrasound signs included pleural line abnormalities (91%, 29/32), lung pulse (38%, 12/32) and dynamic air bronchograms (66%, 21/32) under real-time ultrasound. Pleural effusion was an infrequent sign that existed in 9%(3/32)of IPN patients. None of these abnormalities was observed in the control group. Conclusion Lung ultrasound is reliable for the diagnosis of IPN and can be routinely performed in neonatal intensive care units, and a large area of lung consolidation with irregular margins A-line disappearance, interstitial syndrome and pleural line abnormalities are the main image findings.

Objective To observe the effect of apigenin on acute lung injury (ALI) induced by lipopolysaccharide(LPS)in mice,and to discuss its possible mechanism. Methods Forty healthy male Kunming mice were randomly divided using random number table into control group,model group and low,medium,high dose groups of apigenin intervention,and each group consisted of 8 mice. The model of ALI was reproduced by intraperitoneal injection of 5 mg/kg LPS. Mice of the low,medium and high-dose intervention groups were given intraperitoneal injection of apigenin 10,25,50 mg/kg,respectively,1 hour before LPS modeling. Pathological changes in right upper lobe of lung tissue were examined after hematoxylin and eosin(HE)staining and pathology score was observed at 6 hours after modeling. Right inferior lung was weighed to measured wet/dry ratio(W/D). Intercellular adhesion molecule-1(ICAM-1)and tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α)in serum and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF)were determined by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA). The mRNA expressions of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase(p38MAPK),ICAM-1,and TNF-α were determined by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR). Results Compared with control group,lung W/D ratio in model group was significantly increased(17.79±2.89 vs. 5.56±0.37,P<0.05),and the pathology score was significantly elevated(10.32±0.23 vs. 1.87±0.54,P<0.05),ICAM-1 and TNF-α contents,in serum and BALF were increased〔ICAM-1(ng/L) in serum:21.4±2.7 vs. 14.3±3.5,TNF-α(ng/L)in serum:254.8±10.6 vs. 142.3±13.7;ICAM-1(ng/L)in BALF:20.3±2.4 vs. 11.5±3.2,TNF-α(ng/L)in BALF:230.3±5.8 vs. 110.5±11.2,all P<0.05〕,and the mRNA expressions of p38MAPK,ICAM-1 and TNF-α were also increased significantly(the mRNA expression of p38MAPK,ICAM-1 and TNF-αwere 4.42±0.37,4.89±0.27,3.28±0.13,respectively,all P<0.05). Different doses of apigenin could obviously alleviate the damaging effect to the lung,and the most obvious effect was seen in the medium dose group,in which lung W/D ratio was 13.28±1.21,ICAM-1 in serum was(18.5±4.3)ng/L,TNF-αin serum was(169.4±20.8)ng/L,ICAM-1 in BALF was(17.8±3.5)ng/L,TNF-αin BALF was(150.4±7.1)ng/L, the mRNA expression of p38MAPK,ICAM-1 and TNF-αin lung tissue was 2.99±0.28,3.97±0.17,2.87±0.27, respectively. Statistically significant difference was found when they were compared with that of model group(P<0.05 or P<0.01). Conclusion Different doses of apigenin have some antagonistic effect against LPS in producing ALI in mice,the best improvement effect was seen in the medium dose group,and the protective effect may be related to inhibition of p38MAPK signaling pathway activity and reduction of pro-inflammatory factors such as TNF-αand ICAM-1 expression.

Objective To evaluate the diagnostic value of lung ultrasonography for transient tachypnea of new-born (TTN).Methods From January to December 201 4,a total of 1 358 children were hospitalized in the Neonatal Intensive Care Center and underwent lung ultrasonography at the Bayi Children′s Hospital,Beijing Military General Hospital.According to the patients′medical histories,clinical presentations,arterial blood gas analysis,chest X -ray examinations,and lung ultrasound examinations,there were 41 2 cases of patients without pulmonary lesions,228 cases of TTN,358 cases of respiratory distress syndrome (RDS),85 cases of meconium aspiration syndrome (MAS),21 5 ca-ses of infectious pneumonia,and 60 other cases at the time of hospital admission.In a resting state,the patients were placed in a supine,lateral recumbent or prone position.By using the anterior and posterior axillary lines as boundaries, the lung was divided into 3 regions:anterior,lateral,and posterior.The probe was perpendicular or parallel to the ribs, and each region of both sides of the lung was scanned.The scan results were compared to the conventional chest X -ray results.Results The main ultrasonic characteristics of TTN was pulmonary edema.In severe cases,the ultrasound showed a white lung or compact B -line.Compact B -line had 1 00.0% sensitivity and 95.3% specificity for diagno-sing severe TTN.Mild TTN presented as pulmonary interstitial syndrome or double lung point.Double lung point might appear during the recovery period of mild TTN or other diseases,such as RDS,MAS,and pneumonia,among others. Lung consolidation and air bronchogram were not observed in patients with TTN.Pleural effusion might occur in a varie-ty of lung diseases,and pleural line abnormality,A -line disappearance,and B -line or pulmonary interstitial syndrome were common ultrasonic manifestations of a variety of lung diseases.Conclusions Ultrasonic diagnosis of TTN,mainly based on pulmonary edema without lung consolidation and air bronchogram,is accuracy and reliable;however,double lung point is not a specific sign of TTN,whereas the identification of a white lung and compact B -line is a sensitive and specific sign of severe TTN.