Objective To explore the effect of triglyceride glucose(TyG)index and uric acid level on carotid athero-sclerosis in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM),and build a risk nomogram model for T2DM complicated with carotid atherosclerosis.Methods A total of 125 T2DM patients admitted to the First People's Hospital of Xinxiang City from January 2020 to December 2022 were selected as the research subjects.The patients were divided into the carotid atherosclerosis group(n=33)and the non-carotid atherosclerosis group(n=92)according to whether they had carotid atherosclerosis.The general clinical data such as gender,age,course of disease,body mass index(BMI),diastolic blood pressure(DBP),and systolic blood pressure(SBP)of patients were collected through the electronic medical record system.The levels of triglycerides(TG),fasting plasma glucose(FPG),creatinine(Cr),fasting insulin(FINS),glycosylated hemoglobin(HbA1c),high-densi-ty lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL-C),low-density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-C),and total cholesterol(TC)were measured by using a fully automatic biochemical analyzer.The uric acid level was determined by using the uricase method.The risk factors of carotid atherosclerosis in T2DM patients were analyzed through univariate and multivariate logistic regression.R3.5.3 software was used to draw a nomogram model to predict carotid atherosclerosis in T2DM patients.The predictive performance of the nomogram model was validated by the receiver operating curve(ROC),and the accuracy of the model was tested by the Bootstrap method.Additionally,a total of 27 T2DM patients admitted to the First People's Hospital of Xinxiang City from January 2023 to June 2023 were selected to validate the predictive performance of the model.Results The univariate analysis showed that there were significant differences in the age,course of disease,Cr,FINS,FPG,TC,TG,TyG index and uric acid level of patients between the carotid atherosclerosis group and the non-carotid atherosclerosis group(P＜0.05);there was no statisti-cally significant difference in gender,BMI,DBP,SBP,HbA1c,HDL-C and LDL-C of patients between the two groups(P＞0.05).Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that age ≥60 years,high Cr level,low FINS level,high TC level,high TyG index and high uric acid level were the risk factors for carotid atherosclerosis in T2DM patients(P＜0.05).The.The validation results of Bootstrap method for validating the early warning model established based on age,Cr,FINS,TC,TyG index and uric acid level to predict the risk of carotid atherosclerosis in T2DM patients showed that the C-index of the model was 0.762(95％confidence interval:0.728-0.808),and the area under the ROC curve,sensitivity,and specificity were 0.779,77.34％,and 82.46％,respectively.Among the 27 T2DM patients,8 cases developed carotid atherosclerosis,while the risk nomogram model predicted 7 cases of carotid arteriosclerosis.The ROC curve showed that the area under the curve,sensitivity and specificity were 0.785,80.47％and 75.36％,respectively.Conclusion High TyG index and high uric acid level are risk factors for T2DM patients with carotid atherosclerosis.The risk nomogram model constructed based on TyG index,uric acid level,age,Cr,FINS and TC has a good predictive effect on carotid atherosclerosis in T2DM patients.

Objective:To explore the correlation between liver shear wave velocity(Vs) measured with acoustic radiation force impulse (ARFI) imaging technique and serum fibrosis indexes and its application in the diagnosis of liver cirrhosis and Child‐Pugh scoring for cirrhosis .Methods:The liver Vs value measured with ARFI technique of 150 patients with liver cirrhosis (ob‐servation group) and 50 healthy volunteers(control group) who visited Shanghai Dahua Hospital in Xuhui District during Jul 2013 and Jul 2014 were analyzed retrospectively .The 150 patients with liver cirrhosis were set as observation group and further divided into Class A(n=50) ,Class B(n=50) and Class C(n=50) according to Child‐Pugh scoring system .The 50 healthy vol‐unteers were set as control group .Serum fibrosis indexes testing ,including hyaluronic acid(HA) and laminin(LN) ,procollagenⅢ(PCⅢ) and collagenⅣ (Ⅳ‐C) ,were performed in all subjects .Differences between the observation group and the control group regarding indexes were compared by using independent sample t‐test .Pearson correlation analysis and receiver operator characteristic(ROC)curve analysis were conducted between Vs and four serum indexes in the observation group .Results:The values of Vs ,HA ,LN ,PCⅢ and Ⅳ‐C in the observation group were higher than those in the control group(P<0 .01) .Fur‐thermore ,the Vs value in the observation group demonstrated positive correlation with HA ,LN ,PCⅢ and Ⅳ‐C ,and the corre‐lation coefficients were 0 .672 ,0 .672 ,0 .765 and 0 .568 ,respectively(P<0 .01) .Area under ROC curve of the values of Vs and serum inedxes were 0 .85 0 .65 ,0 .71 ,0 .63 ,0 .73 in Class A ,0 .93 ,0 .83 ,0 .86 ,0 .84 ,0 .80 in Class B ,and 0 .99 ,0 .94 ,0 .85 , 0 .95 ,0 .94 in Class C ,respectively .Conclusions:Vs ,a non‐invasive marker for liver elasticity and stiffness ,is significantly correlated with serum fibrosis indexes .Its sensitivity and specificity are superior to those of four serum fibrosis indexes .It could provide qualitative analysis for evaluating the severity of liver cirrhosis ,so as to offer valuable evidence for further clinical treat‐ment .