Recently,the incidence rate of small cell lung cancer in elderly patients has been increasing . The mainly therapeutic approach of small cell lung cancer consists of radiotherapy ,chemotherapy and surgery ,with the treatment purpose of prolonging survival time and improving life quality .As the huge development of accurate radiotherapy technology occurred in the past a few years ,radiotherapy could play more and more important roles in the treatment with elderly patients .Yet,there is no unified standards of treatment for small cell lung cancer in eld-erly patients.Therefore,we give a review on the latest processes and research on the treatment of small cells lung cancer in elderly patients .

Aim To investigate the change in neuropeptide Y(NPY) Y1 receptor level in infarcted myocardium tissues of (MI) rats. 　Method MI was induced by ligating the left descending anterior coronary artery (LAD) in the heart of rats. The techniques of reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) were used to identify the exist of NPY Y1 receptor mRNA in myocardial tissues. The technique of semi-quantitative PCR wa s used to observe the change of NPY Y1 receptor mRNA level. 　Results NPY Y1 receptor mRNA distributed in the heart tissues of rat. Compared with sham operated rats ,the NPY Y1 receptor mRNA level both in infarction area and non-infarction area was increased significantly after MI fo r 1d and 3d. The NPY Y1 receptor mRNA level in the heart tissues of sham-op erated rats was also significantly increased compared with that in control rats . 　Conclusion These results suggest that MI may result in increase NPY Y1 receptor level in the heart tissues of rats. Stre ss stimulation such as surgery may also increase the NPY Y1 receptor level in the heart.

The performance appraisal of public hospitals is the most official and authoritative assessment and evaluation of tertiary public hospitals in China,and it is an important measure to guide hospitals to improve their internal management level and achieve high-quality development.In this study,a data monitoring management system based on the performance appraisal indicators of national tertiary public hospitals was developed and constructed through intelligent collection and reporting,report in-tegration,visual analysis,data drilling,etc.,which realized the one-stop dynamic management of indicators,optimized the data filling process of national examination indicators,improved the data quality and credibility,and promoted the integration of na-tional assessment and hospital assessment.the intelligent management level of the hospital has been improved,which provides strong support for the hospital's refined operation management and scientific decision-making.

Objective:To retrieve, evaluate and integrate the relevant evidence of prevention of lower limb ischemic complications in venous-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VA-ECMO) patients, and provide reference for the development of scientific and complete prevention and management of lower limb ischemic complications.Methods:According to the evidence-based methodology, clinical decisions, guidelines, expert consensus, evidence summary, systematic review, randomized controlled trials and experimental studies related to lower limb ischemia complications in VA-ECMO patients were searched from CNKI, Wanfang, PubMed, Cochrane Library and other domestic and foreign databases as well as relevant professional websites. The literature search period was from the establishment of the database to August 2023. Two researchers independently evaluated the literature quality, and then extracted and summarized the evidence according to the theme.Results:A total of 27 004 articles were obtained in the preliminary search, and 11 articles were finally included after screening, including 1 guide, 2 expert consensus, 2 systematic reviews and 6 original studies. Through literature reading, evidence extraction and classification, and expert group meetings, a total of 24 best evidences were concluded in four dimensions, including team training and management, VA-ECMO pre-computer evaluation, VA-ECMO catheter selection, and the monitoring and management of lower limb ischemia.Conclusions:This study summarized the best evidence for the prevention of lower limb ischemia complications associated with VA-ECMO patients, and can provide reference for healthcare providers in clinical practice. In order to ensure the safety of VA-ECMO treatment and reduce the incidence of related complications, healthcare professionals should carefully select and apply evidence according to the clinical context and patients′ wishes.

Objective:To explore the roles and mechanisms of metformin in the improvement of cognitive dysfunction induced by chronic cerebral hypoperfusion in rats.Methods:Total 82 SD male rats (SPF grade) aged 3-4 months were randomly divided into four groups: sham operation control group (Con group, n=15), sham operation with metformin treatment group (Met group, n=20), 2-vessel occlusion group (2VO group, n=22), and 2-vessel occlusion with metformin administration group (2VO+ Met group, n=25). The chronic cerebral hypoperfusion model was established by bilateral common carotid artery ligation, and the carotid arteries of rats in Con group and Met group were only separated without ligation.After 2VO operation, rats in 2VO+ Met group and Met group were given metformin solution in drinking water at a dose of 100 mg/kg per day for 4 weeks.After 4-week continuous intervention with metformin, Morris water maze was performed to test the spatial cognitive function of the rats, in vivo electrophysiological technology was used to detect the long-term potential of the rats, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA) was used to detect the concentrations of inflammatory factor tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α), interleukin-1β(IL-1β) and interleukin-6(IL-6) in the hippocampus.The density of dendritic spines of hippocampal neurons was observed by Golgi staining, and the synaptic structure of hippocampal neurons, especially the vesicle density, was observed by transmission electron microscopy.SPSS 16.0 software was used for statistical analysis.Repetitive measurement ANOVA was used for the escape latency data of 7 days repeated learning training in water maze.One-way ANOVA was used for the comparison of other data among multiple groups, and Dunnett's t test was used for further pairwise comparison. Results:Morris water maze results showed that during 7 days of learning training, the time and group interaction for escape latency was not significant in the 4 groups of rats ( F=0.93, P>0.05), but the time main effect ( F=25.90, P<0.05) and group main effect ( F=13.20, P<0.05) were significant.Morris water maze test showed that from the 3rd to 7th day, the escape latencies in 2VO group were significantly longer than those in Con group and 2VO+ Met group(all P<0.05). The short-term memory of rats was detected after 1 day of rest.The results showed that the escape latency in 2VO group was significantly longer than that in Con group and 2VO + Met group( P<0.01). The retention time and crossing times in the platform area of 2VO rats were less than those in Con group and 2VO + Met group ( P<0.01). Electrophysiological results showed that the relative field excitatory postsynaptic potential slope of 2VO group (1.29±0.09) was significantly lower than that in Con group (2.07±0.09) and 2VO + Met group (1.69±0.08)( P<0.01). ELISA results showed that TNF-α level in hippocampal tissue of 2VO group was significantly higher than that in Con group and 2VO+ Met group; IL-1β and IL-6 levels in hippocampal tissue of 2VO group were significantly higher than those in Con group and 2VO + Met group.Density of dendritic spines in hippocampal neurons of 2VO group was significantly lower than that in Con group and 2VO+ Met group.The density and proportion of immature dendritic spines in hippocampal neurons of 2VO group were significantly higher than those in Con group and 2VO + Met group.Synaptic vesicle density of neurons in CA1 area of hippocampus in 2VO group ((230.29±19.44) vescicles/μm 2) was significantly lower than that in the Con group ((414.52±13.17) vescicles/μm 2) and 2VO+ Met group ((313.19±12.42) vescicles/μm 2). Conclusion:Metformin can reduce neuroinflammation of hippocampus with chronic cerebral hypoperfusion and improve synaptic plasticity and cognitive dysfunction.It may have potential application value in the treatment of vascular cognitive dysfunction.

Objective:To explore the protective effects and mechanisms of L-carnitine (LCAR) on cognitive dysfunction in chronic cerebral hypoperfusion rats.Methods:Totally 90 SD male rats (SPF class) aged 3-4 months were divided into four groups according to random number talbe: sham operated control group (SHAM group, n=15), sham operated with L-carnitine treatment group (LCAR group, n=25), 2-vessel occlusion group (2VO group, n=25), and 2-vessel occlusion with L-carnitine treatment group (2VO+ LCAR group, n=25). The chronic cerebral hypoperfusion model was established by bilateral common carotid artery ligation, and the carotid arteries from SHAM group and LCAR group were only separated without ligation.L-carnitine was administered intraperitoneally (300 mg·kg -1·d -1) for 30 days after surgery in the LCAR and 2VO+ LCAR groups.After 30 days of L-carnitine intervention, Morris water maze was performed to test the spatial cognitive function of the rats, the ATP level of hippocampal tissue was detected by chemiluminescence, the mitochondrial structure and synaptic structure of hippocampal neurons were observed by transmission electron microscopy, the degree of mitochondrial damage was scored, the vesicle density was counted and measured, the level of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor subunit 2A or 2B(NR2A/B) and postsynaptic density 95(PSD95) in hippocampal tissue were detected by Western blot.The expression and distribution levels of transcription factor cAMP response element-binding protein(CREB) in brain tissues were observed by immunofluorescence.SPSS 16.0 software was used for statistical analysis.The escape latency data of repeated learning training in Morris water maze was conducted by repetitive measurement ANOVA, while other data were adopted by one-way ANOVA, and Dunnett's t test was used for further pairwise comparison. Results:(1)Morris water maze results showed that the time and group interaction of escape latency was not significant among the 4 groups of rats ( F=1.4, P>0.05), but the time main effect and group main effect were significant( F=21.6, 15.2, both P<0.05). Morris water maze results showed that platform position learning from 3rd to 7th day, the escape latencies in 2VO group were longer than those in SHAM group and 2VO+ LCAR group (all P<0.05). The results of short-term memory showed that the escape latency in 2VO group was longer than those in SHAM group and 2VO+ LCAR group (all P<0.05). Meanwhile, the retention time and crossing times in the platform area of 2VO group were less than those in SHAM group and 2VO+ LCAR group (all P<0.05). (2) The absolute and relative levels of ATP in hippocampus showed that the difference among the 4 groups were statistically significant ( F=14.6, 13.2, both P<0.05). ATP level of hippocampus in 2VO group was lower than those in SHAM group and 2VO+ LCAR group (both P<0.05). Electron microscopic observation of mitochondrial morphology showed that the Flameng score of mitochondrial damage in the hippocampus of rats in 2VO group (2.82±0.17) was higher than those in SHAM group (0.25±0.07) and 2VO+ LCAR group (1.76±0.09) (both P<0.05). (3) The density of synaptic vesicles in the hippocampus of rats in 2VO group ((289.09±22.41)/μm 2)was lower than those in SHAM group ((497.49±28.89)/μm 2)and 2VO+ LCAR group ((401.23±45.09)/μm 2) (both P<0.01). Western blot results showed that the relative levels of synaptic proteins NR2A/B, PSD95 and CREB in 2VO group were lower than those in SHAM group and 2VO+ LCAR group (all P<0.05). Immunofluorescence results showed that the relative level of CREB expression in hippocampal subregions and cortex in 2VO group was lower than those in SHAM group and 2VO+ LCAR group (both P<0.01). Conclusion:L-carnitine can improve spatial learning and memory dysfunction in rats with chronic cerebral hypoperfusion, which are related with promoting ATP production and protecting mitochondrial morphology, and promoting synaptic vesicle synthesis and synaptic protein expression.

Objective:To establish a rapid and accurate method for the detection of Klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemase (KPC) carbapenemase gene based on recombinase aided amplification (RAA)-CRISPR-Cas13a (CRISPR-Cas13a) technology. Methods:Twenty-five clinical isolates of carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae (CRKP) and five carbapenem-sensitive Klebsiella pneumoniae (CSKP) strains preserved in 2020-2021 in Beijing Chuiyangliu Hospital were randomly collected, and the total DNA samples of the strains was extracted. RAA primers specific for KPC DNA and CRISPR RNA (crRNA) were designed to establish a rapid and accurate method for the detection of KPC carbapenemase gene based on RAA-CRISPR-Cas13a technology. The method was evaluated by plasmids and clinical sample strains, and the detection was also performed by Quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) method to compare the detection rate and consistency of the two methods. Results:The RAA-CRISPR-Cas13a method can detect KPC plasmids and samples with a sensitivity of 1 copy/μl, which is higher than that of qPCR (10 1 copies/μl). Among the 30 clinical strains (including 25 CRKP strains and 5 CSKP strains), 23 strains were detected to carry KPC gene by both RAA-CRISPR-Cas13a method and qPCR method, and 7 strains were not detected with KPC gene. The detection rate of KPC gene in the 25 CRKP strains was 92% (23/25). The positive coincidence rate of the two methods was 100% (23/23). Conclusions:This study combined RAA amplification technology with CRISPR-Cas13a technology to establish a rapid and accurate method for detecting KPC carbapenemase gene. The method is useful for accurate screening of KPC carbapenemase-producing strains. It has a wide application prospect in drug resistance monitoring and infection control.