OBJECTIVE To establish a method of real-time PCR for detection of mecA gene in meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus(MRSA).METHODS The experiment conditions including Mg2+ concentrations,primers concentrations and probe concentrations were optimized for real-time PCR in the light of factorial design principle.Totally 109 strains of S.aureus were collected and detected respectively in oxacillin disk diffusion method and real-time PCR and MRSA detection rate in the two methods were compared and analyzed.RESULTS Thirty seven MRSA isolates were detected by real-time PCR from the 109 S.aureus strains.The MRSA isolating rate by real-time PCR was conspicuously higher than oxacillin disk diffusion method,by which 27 MRSA isolates were detected.CONCLUSIONS The technology of real-time PCR to rapid identification of MRSA is superior to common PCR and it can make up the deficiency of detecting borderline-resistant strains in oxacillin disk diffusion method.

OBJECTIVE To establish and evaluate detection method of meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus(MRSA) by fluorescence in situ hybridization(FISH) and flow cytometry.METHODS The experiment conditions including bacteria suspension concentrations,probe concentrations,and hybridization temperatures were optimized for FISH test in the light of orthogonal design principle.The fluorescence signals were detected by flow cytometer,and detection results by FISH and flow cytometry were compared with that of real-time PCR.RESULTS The optimal hybridization conditions of FISH detecting MRSA were 40?105 of bacteria suspension concentrations per microliter of hybridization buffer solution,and 4 ng of probe concentrations per microliter of hybridization buffer solution and 50 ℃ of hybridization temperatures.The sensitivity and specificity of detecting MRSA by FISH-FCM were 97.3% and 100.0%,respectively,and detection results between FISHFCM and real-time PCR had not significant deviation.CONCLUSIONS Fluorescence in situ hybridization and flow cytometry,which detect directly mecA gene in MRSA, are a fast and accurate methods for MRSA detection and can apply in clinical laboratory.

Objective To investigate the effects of two different arm postures on radial artery puncture. Methods We randomly divided 100 patients into control group and experiment group according to the operation sequence, 50 patients in each group. In the control group, the traditional method was used for radial artery puncture and sheath placement, while in the experiment group the modified method was used. Result Compared with the control group, the success rate of radial artery puncture in the experiment group was significantly higher (P<0.05), and the time needed was significantly shorter (P<0.05). Conclusions The modified arm posture for radial artery puncture and sheath placement is more effective for exposure of the radial artery puncture point and ensure the stability of the puncture site. With this method, we can improve the success rate of radial artery puncture and shorten the puncture time. It is worthy of clinical application.

BACKGROUND: Electromyography is a non-stationary and non-Gaussian physiological signal. Currently, the high-order spectral technique, which based on higher-order cumulant, has been widely used in solving problems such as non-Gaussian, non-stationary and nonlinearity. OBJECTIVE: To propose a feature extraction method for surface electromyography (SEMG) signals based on a non-Gaussian AR model parameterized bispectrum estimation and fisher linear discriminant analysis. METHODS: Aim at features of SEMG, from point of high statistics, and based on a non-Gaussian AR model, bispectrum analysis was performed to extract effective features, followed by constructing characteristic vector by fisher linear discriminant analysis dimension reduction, then the support vector machine was used to classify the movement patterns. The differences of recognition rates between AR+BIS+LDA and other features extracted by different methods were compared. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Experimental results showed that the eight forearm movement patterns could be well identified after training by multi-class support vector machine and its average recognition rate reached above 97.6%. For short data sets, bispectrum's feature had a better pattern recognition rate than other features such as AR model coefficients, wavelet packet transformation coefficients. That improved the performance of real-time control of prosthesis.

This paper reviewed the research of functional electrical stimulation (FES) in China, including mainland, Taiwan and Hong Kong, based on the literature. Specially, the research and development on FES system and device was discussed.

Objective To observe the effect of heat stress on plasma cGMP and hemodynamics in animals with chronic heart failure. Methods Coronary arteries of twenty-five rabbits were ligated to set up the animal model of heart failure and other five rabbits only received thoractomy as sham group. Eight weeks after coronary artery ligation, they are randomly divided into heat stress (HS) group, control group, HS+L-NAME group, and non-HS+L-NAME group and non-HS+L-Arg group, each group containing 5 animals. Hemodynamic indices and plasma levels of NOS and cGMP were measured. Results Hemodynamics of all 25 rats received operation was poorer compared with the rats of sham group (P

Objective To analyze and discuss the causes of late dysfunction following the mismanagement of acute Lisfranc fracture- dislocations in light of the latest advancement in this field. Methods From March 2000 to February 2005, we treated 34 cases of old Lisfranc fracture- dislocation. 24 cases were treated with open reduction and internal fixation, and 10 with arthrodesis. Results According to the AOFAS for midfoot, 2 cases scored 50 to 60, 4 cases scored 60 to 70, 5 cases scored 70 to 80, 18 cases scored 80 to 90 and 5 cases scored 90 to 100. Conclusions Since the incidence of Lisfranc fracture- dislocation tends to increase, clinic orthopedists must take great care to examine the midfoot strain lest a case should be overlooked. The late complications are related to poor reduction, inadequate fixation, or inadequate postoperative immobilization. For most patients, open reduction and internal fixation within 6 weeks after injure is preferred. The cannulated screws are simple and stable for fixation of lateral and medial columns, and screw removal should be done 3 to 4 months after surgery to prevent recurrent diastasis and screw breakage.

The study included 24 patients of lung cancer with bone metastasis, 26 patients of lung cancer without bone metastasis and 27 healthy controls. The serum levels of β-crosslaps of type Ⅰ collagen (β-CTX), M-MID and urinary β-CTX/creatinine (CTX/CR) were measured by ELISA. Results showed that the serum levels of β-CTX and urinary CTX/CR in lung cancer patients with bone metastasis were significantly higher than those without bone metastasis (P ＜ 0. 01 ). The findings suggest that the measurement of serum β-CTX and urinary CTX/CR may indicate bone metastasis in lung cancer.

Objective To investigate the clinical features of moyamoya disease in children and the prognosis of encephaloduroarteriosynangiosis ( EDAS) . Methods According to the age of first operated patients,317 children with moyamoya disease who received EDAS from January 2004 to December 2010 were divided into 3 groups:infant group (n=16,<3 years of age),preschool group (n=42,3 to 6 years of age),and adolescent group (n=259,6 to 17 years of age). The clinical data and the efficacy of operation of the patients were analyzed retrospectively. Results (1) Among the 3 groups of patients,the incidences of cerebral infarction in the infant group (81. 2%,13/16) or the preschool group (69. 0%,29/42) before procedure were significantly higher than the adolescent group (48. 3%,125/259). There were significant differences (χ2 =11. 741,P<0. 01). (2) Before surgical intervention,the infarct volume enlargement or the recurrence of infarction rate at different parts of brain in the infant group (62. 5%,10/16) was higher than that of the preschool group (31. 0%,13/42) and adolescent group (3. 9%,10/259). There was significant difference (χ2 =77. 437,P <0. 01). (3) The overall rate of favourable prognosis was 86. 4% (274/317). There were significant differences between the 3 groups (χ2 =9. 026,P<0.02). Conclusion The conditions of children with moyamoya disease progresses rapidly and their clinical prognosis is poor. It is safe and effective to perform EDAS early moyamoya disease in children.

Carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) is a common peripheral neuropathy, which include a series of symptoms results from median nerve injury. Electrical physical examination is the gold standard for diagnosis of CTS. More new technology, such as high frequency ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging, provides more information for the diagnosis of CTS.