Objective To summarize the experience on diagnosis and treatment of ectopic ureters. Methods 52 patients with ectopic ureter were analysed retrospectively. Results Of the 52 patients,sonography,IVU,CT and retrograde ureterography were used in 37,45,8 and 18 patients respectively.49(94.0%) cases got the diagnosis preoperatively by these methods.28(53.8%) patients underwent ureteral reimplantation,12(23.0%)nephrectomy,9(17.3%) upper pole partial nephrectomy and 1(1.9%) with ureterocele incised endoscopically.The 42 patients have been followed up for 6 months to 10 years with an average of 3 years. Conclusions Most of the cases can be diagnosed preoperatively by utilizing the appropriate methods.Ureterovesicle reimplantation,upper pole partial nephrectomy and nephrectomy are the effective modalities in the treatment of ectopic ureters.

Objective To evaluate the clinical outcome of stent placement in the superior vena cava (SVC) syndrome. Methods Twelve patients with stenosis of the superior vena cava and/or its main tributaries underwent placement of a self-expanding endovascular Wallstents (11 men,1 woman,mean age 51 years). Results Until death or completion of the study,the SVC syndrome was successfully controlled in 92% of the cases (11/12). There were no early procedure-related complications such as early occlusion,or migration of the stent. The recurrence rate was 16.7%. Conclusion Percutaneous venous stent placement in the superior vena cava is a relatively safe and simple procedure. In majority of cases,the symptoms of the SVC syndrome are relieved immediately and completely. Complications are rare.

Objective To investigate the changes and correlation between nuclear factor-?B (NF-?B) expression and brain water content (BWC) in perihematoma after experimental intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) in rats. Methods Experimental ICH models of rat were made by injecting autologous blood using stereotaxic method. The expression of NF-?B in cerebral tissues was detected by immunohistochemistry technique. At the due time, BWC was measurement by day-wet method.Results NF-?B expression increased obviously at 6 h and peaked at 48 h in ICH group(P

[Summary] Postoperative cognitive dysfunction ( POCD) is a common central nervous system complication after anesthesia and surgery.The mechanisms of POCD are not clear yet.The article reviewed several potential mechanisms that have been reported. Further researches are needed to identify the pathophysiologic progress of POCD, which have great clinical and economic values.

OBJECTIVE To find out some risk factors of lower respiratory tract infection in neurology(department) and provide controlling measures.METHODS Totally 883 inpatient cases of neurology(department) in 2005 were retrospectively surveyed and statistically analyzed.RESULTS From them 98 cases were with nosocomial(infection).The infection rate was 11.1%.Among the 98 cases,54 cases were with respiratory tract infection(55%).Lower respiratory tract is the popular part of nosocomial infection in(neurology) department.(CONCLUSIONS) The(treatment) and recovery of the patients are heavily influenced by the infection of lower(respiratory) tract.It is(necessary) to control and prevent main risk factors in order to avoid nosocomial infection.

【Objective:】 To understand the true experience and feelings of nurses in the intensive care unit on the clinical experience of moral dilemmas, and to provide strategies for reducing the impact of moral dilemmas. 【Methods:】 Thirteen nurses in the intensive care unit were interviewed face to face by descriptive nature research method. The traditional content analysis method were used to compute the data, and the coding, categorization and topic extraction were carried out cyclically until the data were saturated and the interview was stopped. 【Results:】 The moral dilemma experience of nurses in the intensive care unit had the following three themes: negative psychological experience, negative behavior experience, and life and death cognitive experience. 【Conclusion:】 Nurses in the intensive care unit will have complex negative experiences after experiencing moral dilemmas. This negative experience threatens nurses’ mental health. Nursing managers should pay attention to the impact of moral dilemmas on nurses and formulate effective measures, thereby ensure nursing safety and maintain the healthy development of the nursing team.

Objective To evaluate the detection competence of HbA2 and HbF in Guangxi medical laboratories.Methods The external quality assessment(EQA) of HbA2 and HbF was conducted twice a year and five samples was detected each time during 2012 to 2016.The laboratories participated in EQA completed the samples' detection and submitted the detection results at specified time according to the requirements of EQA.The distribution of each detection system,the qualification rate of each laboratory,the variation degrees of each detection system and each detection method,and the variations of results for different levels of quality control(QC) materials during 5 years were analyzed based on the returned results.Results The application of high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and capillary electrophoresis(CE) increased year by year and their usage rates in 2016 reached up to 46.1％ (82/178) and 18.0％ (32/178),respectively.The qualification rates of HbA2 and HbF increased from 51.5％ (34/66) and 60.6％ (40/66) in 2012 to 93.3％ (166/178) and 92.1％ (164/178) in 2016,respectively.The average coefficient of variation(CV) of each detection system decreased year by year.There were good CVs for the results of high,medium and low levels of HbA2 QC materials detected by the Bio-Rad Variant Ⅱ and Sebia CAPILLARYS 2 systems,and they were less than 6.0％.HPLC and CE could quantitatively detect the HbA2 and HbF levels,and their total detection competence was superior to that of agarose gel electrophoresis.Conclusion EQA can assess the abihty of one laboratory detecting HbA2 and HbF,and quantitatively analyze the levels of HbA2 and HbF,which may provide the quality assurance and data support for the screening and prevention of thalassemia.

Objective To investigate the effect of intermittent use of low molecular heparin (LMWH) on microembofic signal (MES) in patients with ischemic stroke on the basis of anti-platelet aggregation and statin therapy.Methods Ninety MES-positive patients with acute ischemic stroke detected by transcranial Doppler were randomly divided into a non-LMWH group (n =44) and a LMWH group (n =46).The non-LMWH group was treated conventionally with enteric-coated aspirin and atorvastatin.On the basis of conventional therapy,the LMWH group was treated with LMWH,subcutaneous injection of LMWH calcium 4 100 AXaIU every 3 months,twice a day,and one week as a course of treatment (a total of 3 courses).The number of MES,MES-positive rate and incidence of ischemic cerebrovascular events at 3 and 6 month were compared in both groups.Results There was no significant difference in the MES-positive rates at 3 month after treatment between the non-LMWH group and the LMWH group (70.45％ vs.61.36％ ;x2 =1.357,P =0.244),but the number of MES in the non-LMWH group was higher than that in the LMWH group (12.07 ± 10.16 vs.8.09± 8.13; t =1.470,P =0.043); the MES-positive rate at 6 month after treatment in the non-LMWH group was significantly higher than that in the LMWH group (36.96％ vs.19.57％;x2=3.982,P=0.046),and the number of MES in the non-LMWH group was also significantly higher than that in the LMWH group (10.32 ±9.93 vs. 1.46 ± 3.27; t =5.450,P =0.000).There was no significant difference in incidence of ischemic cerebrovascular events at 3 month (2.17％vs. 9.09％,P =0.198 ),but the incidence of ischemic cerebrovascular events at 6 month in the LMWH group was significantly lower than that in the non-LMWH group (4.35％ vs.20.45％,P =0.025).Conclusions On the basis of anti-platelet aggregation and statin therapy,the intermittent use of LMWH may decrease the MES-positive rate and the incidence of ischemic cerebrovascular events in the MES-positive patients with ischemic stroke at 6 month.

Objective To observe the protective effect and molecular mechanism of C-phycocyanin (CPC) on acute lung injury (ALI) in septic rats. Method 75 SD rats were randomly divided into control group, model group and CPC group. Cecal ligation and puncture was used to establish a septic acute lung injury rats (model group). For the CPC groups, septic acute lung injury rats were administrated by 20, 40 and 60 mg/kg CPC by intraperitoneal injection. 72 h after the operation, serum and lung tissue were obtained, the wet to dry weight ratio, the content of TNF-α、IL-6 and IL-10 in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, the activity of myeloperoxidase (MPO) was analyzed. Expression of heme oxygenase (HO)-1,activation of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf 2) and nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-B) were detected by Western blot. Superoxide and Nitrite/Nitrate Level production in Lungs and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid were measured by chemiluminescence and reduction method, respectively. Results Treatment with CPC significantly inhibited septic-induced inflammatory responses including elevation of superoxide formation, myeloperoxidase activity, leucocytes and protein infiltration in lung tissues, and production of proinflammatory cytokine, and nitrite/nitrate in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (P<0.05). In addition, CPC could activate Nrf 2 and induce HO-1 expression, and inhibit NF-B activation in ALI rats. However, blocking HO-1 activity by tin protoporphyrin IX (SnPP), an HO-1 inhibitor, markedly abolished these beneficial effects of CPC in septic-induced ALI. Conclusion The protection mechanism of CPC may be through HO-1 induction and suppressing of NF-kB-mediated inflammatory responses.

Objective To explore the effect of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) on LPS-stimulated BV2 microglia in inflammatory reaction. Methods Mouse MSCs were isolated and purified by adherence screening. The routinely cultured BV2 microglia in vitro were divided into PBS control group (group A),PBS plus MSCs treatment group(group B),LPS stimulation group(group C) and LPS plus MSCs group(group D).MSCs and BV2 microglia were cultured in the transwell co-culture system for 24 hours. We observed BV2 microglia morphological changes under the microscope,detected the concentrations of NO by Griess reaction,and the level of IL-1β,TNF-αby ELISA. Results MSCs can improve the morphology of activated microglia. The concentrations of TNF-a, IL-1βand N0 in culture supernatants were increased significantly (P < 0.05) after microglia activation, however, at the present of MSCs,the concentration of these inflammatory factors declined dramaticly (P<0.05). Conclusions MSCs can significantly inhibit the activation of microglia. It may play a neuroprotective effect by reducing the inflammation of microglia. MSCs showing anti-inflammatory effects through non-direct contact with nicroglial, suggesting that MSCs outside the brain may also inhibit the activation of microglia.