Objective To present and evaluate the diagnosis and treatment of congenital giant megaureter. Methods From 1992 to 1999, 6 cases of congenital giant megaureter were diagnosis and treated, the pathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment of congenital giant megaureter were discussed. Results Resection of the kidney and ureter were carried out in all the 6 with satisfaction. Conclusions The diagnosis may be confirmed on B ultrasonography, CT, or intravenous urography. Nephroureterectomy is the principal method of treatment for congenital giant megaureter.

Objective: To study the effectc of different growing areas and seasonal variation on the components and contents of Ginkgo Biloba terpene lactones. Methods: The contents and components of different Ginkgo Biloba terpene lactones were determined by RP-HPLC. Results: The contents of Ginkgo Biloba terpene lactones among the samples of Ginkgo Biloba Leaves of different growing areas were obviously different, the terpene lactones content of Ginkgo Biloba Leaves growing in Zaoyang county, Hubei Province, was higher. Based on the monthly variation of the contents of different Ginkgo Biloba terpene lactones, the suitable seasons for the harvest of Ginkgo Biloba Leaves were from Sep. to Oct. Conclusion: The growing areas and seasonal variation had great influence over the contents and components of Ginkgo Biloba terpene lactones.

Object To study the effects of districts, seasonal variations and treatments in past harvest on the five main bioactive components in the barks and leaves of Eucommia ulmoides Oliv Methods The contents of them in the bark and leaves of E ulmoides were determined by RP HPLC Results The contents of (+) pinoresinol di O ? D glucopyranoside (PG), (+) syringaresinol di O ? D glucopyranoside (SG), chorgenic acid (CGA), geniposide (GP), geniposidic acid (GA) among the sample of E ulmoides from different growing districts were obvious difference Besides, the amount of different bioactive components in the same sample had no correlation Seasonal variation and different past harvest treatments had great influence on the bioactive component in E ulmoide. Based on the monthly variation of their main bioactive component, the suitable seasons for harvest of the barks and leaves of E ulmoides are April, May and July respectively, and intracellular enzymes in the fresh barks and leaves collected should be inactivated imediately before drying to avoid lossing the bioactive components In addition, between the barks and leaves of E ulmoides, the major bioactive component had great differences, but had complementarity Conclusion The districts, seasonal variatons and past harvest treatments have great effects on the contents of five main bioactive components in the barks and leaves of E ulmooides, and the barks couldn't be replaced by the leaves simply

With the development of clinical education,Urology Department in Xiangya Hospital has identified teaching object and scheme,and improved the condition and modality of teaching and the level and development of clinical teaching.

Objective To evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of Holmium laser in the treat ment of calyceal stricture and atresia through antegrade percutaneous nephrostomy. Methods Ante grade percutaneous nephrostomy was performed in 68 patients with calyceal stricture and atresiathrough a rigid 8/9.8 F ureteroscope. The stricture and atresia was incised in a linear fashion by theHolmium laser with a 550 mm fiber. After completion of the incision,a double J ureteral stent wasplaced for 6-8 weeks and nephrostomy tube was kept for 7 days thereafter. Patients were then fol lowed up with IVU and/or ultrasound at 3-6 month intervals. Results The mean operative timewas 90 min,ranged from 80 to 120 min. The mean postoperative hospital stay was 8 d(7-9d). Hy dronephrosis was significantly improved in 38 cases in an average follow up of 9 months (4-26 months). Repeated laser incision was performed to 4 treatment failures and all turned out to be suc cessful. Conclusions The Holmium laser treatment through antegrade percutaneous nephrostomyfor calyceal stricture and atresia has characteristics of minimal invasion,short hospital stay,good effi cacy in short term and repeated cases. This procedure to be used as the first choice for patients withgood renal function and mild hydronephrosis,especially accompanied with renal calculus.

Aged ; Anesthesia ; methods ; Electrocardiography ; Heart Ventricles ; Hip Fractures ; surgery ; Humans ; Intraoperative Complications ; etiology ; Male ; Myocardial Infarction ; etiology

The purpose of the study is to use O. intermedium DN2 to degrade nicotine in tobacco extracts for making reconstituted tobacco. Firstly, we studied the effects of various factors on degradation of nicotine in the extracts by strain DN2. When we added 0.1% yeast extract into the extracts, adjusted its pH value to 7.0 by ammonia solution, inoculated 15% cultures and maintained fermentation temperature of 30 degrees C, the degradation rate of nicotine by strain DN2 was the fastest. Furthmore, under these conditions, we studied the degradation rates of nicotine in three fed batches culture which carried out in a 30-L reactor, the result showed that the average degradation rate of nicotine by strain DN2 was 140.55 mg/L/h, which was much higher than that reported in other studies. These results indicated that strain DN2 may be useful for reducing nicotine content of reconstituted tobacco.
Nicotine ; metabolism ; Ochrobactrum ; classification ; metabolism ; Plant Extracts ; metabolism ; Tobacco ; chemistry

OBJECTIVE: To explore the diagnostic value of magnetic resonance urography (MRU) in ectopic ureters. METHODS: Seventeen female children with ectopic ureter were examined by sonography, intravenous urography (IVU), computer tomography (CT), MRU and so on. The mean age of the female children was 4.5 years (7 months approximately 12 years). RESULTS: Seventeen patients were examined by sonography, including 3 dysplasia little kidneys, 1 kidney absence, 12 duplex kidneys with hydroureter, 1 normal.Seven patients were examined by IVV, including 3 hydronephrosis and 4 no image or not clear. Fourteen patients were examined by CT, including 3 dysplasia little kidneys, 11 duplex kidneys with hydronephrosis. Five were determined by cystoscope, including 2 ecto-pic urethral orifices which angiography could only display the expansion of ureter. All children were diagnosed by MRU and an accurate anatomical picture of the entire urinary tract was obtained. CONCLUSION To accurately and noninvasively depict the urinary tract and the independence of renal function, MRU may be used for patients with ectopic ureter undiagnosed with sonography and IVU.
Child ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; methods ; Ureter ; abnormalities ; Urography ; methods

ObjectiveTo observe the effect of Gualou Xiebai Banxiatang on mitochondrial dysfunction and adenosine 5'-monophosphate （AMP）-activated protein kinase （AMPK）/peroxlsome proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactlvator-1α （PGC-1α） signaling pathway in rats with ischemic myocardial injury. MethodSeventy male SD rats were used in this experiment. Six rats from them were randomly selected as the control （CON） group， and the others were given high fat diet combined with isoproterenol injection （5 mg·kg^-1·d^-1， 7 d） to induce the rat model of ischemic heart disease based on hyperlipidemia. Successfully modeled rats were then randomly divided into model （MOD） group， high-dose Gualou Xiebai Banxiatang （GXBD-H） group， medium-dose Gualou Xiebai Banxiatang （GXBD-M） group， low-dose Gualou Xiebai Banxiatang （GXBD-L） group， and metoprolol （MET） group. Rats in the GXBD-H， GXBD-M， and GXBD-L groups were given 11.2， 5.6， 2.8 g·kg^-1·d^-1 Gualou Xiebai Banxiatang， those in the MET group were given 2.6 mg·kg^-1·d^-1 metoprolol， and those in the CON and MOD groups were given equal volume of pure water for 28 d. Hemodynamics were measured in rats by cardiac catheterization. Transmission electron microscopy was used to analyze myocardial mitochondria. Serum brain natriuretic peptide （BNP） and cardiac troponin T （cTnT） levels were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA）. Mitochondrial membrane potential assay kit （JC-1 method） was applied for detecting mitochondrial membrane potential. The changes in the mitochondrial DNA copy number were measured by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction （Real-time PCR）. The content of adenosine triphosphate （ATP） in myocardial tissues was determined by spectrophotometer. The expression levels of p-AMPK， AMPK， PGC-1α， nuclear respiratory factor 1 （NRF1）， and mitochondrial transcription factor A （TFAM） in myocardium was detected by Western blot. ResultAs compared with the CON group， left ventricular end-systolic pressure （LVESP） and left ventricular end-diastole pressure （LVEDP） in the MOD group were significantly increased （P<0.05， P<0.01）， and +dp/dt_max and -dp/dt_max were significantly decreased （P<0.01）. In the MOD group， cardiac index and myocardial interstitial fibrosis area were significantly increased （P<0.01）， accompanied by mitochondrial damage， serum BNP， cTnT， and malondialdehyde （MDA） were significantly increased （P<0.01）， and serum superoxide dismutase （SOD） level was significantly decreased （P<0.01）. The myocardial mitochondrial membrane potential， DNA copy number， and ATP level were significantly decreased （P<0.01）， and the protein expression levels of p-AMPK/AMPK， PGC-1α， NRF1， and TFAM in myocardial tissues were significantly decreased in the MOD group （P<0.01）. Compared with the MOD group， the GXBD-H and GXBD-M groups significantly improved LVESP， LVEDP， +dp/dt_max， and -dp/dt_max （P<0.05， P<0.01）， significantly decreased heart index and myocardial interstitial fibrosis area （P<0.05， P<0.01）， and alleviated mitochondrial damage. In the GXBD-H and GXBD-M groups， serum BNP， cTnT， and MDA were decreased significantly （P<0.05， P<0.01）， serum SOD level was increased significantly （P<0.05）， and myocardial mitochondrial membrane potential， DNA copy number， and ATP level were significantly increased （P<0.05， P<0.01）. The protein levels of p-AMPK/AMPK， PGC-1α， NRF1， and TFAM in myocardial tissues were significantly increased in the GXBD-H and GXBD-M groups （P<0.05， P<0.01）. ConclusionGualou Xiebai Banxiatang has the effects of reducing the changes in cardiac function and myocardial pathology of rats with myocardial injury， inhibiting mitochondrial dysfunction， and up-regulating the protein expression levels of p-AMPK/AMPK， PGC-1α， NRF1， and TFAM in myocardial tissues. This study provides new laboratory evidence for in-depth exploration of the mechanism of this classical compound in preventing and treating myocardial injury.

Objective:To explore the changes of blood viscosity in high-intensity alternating magnetic field and the mechanisms.Methods:Five adult sheep were randomly selected and the blood samples were placed in highintensity alternating magnetic field.Before and after exposure,the blood samples were taken and divided into 2 groups:a control group and a magnetic field group.The blood rheology and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were performed.Results:Compared to the control group,the high shear viscosity of whole blood was decreased in the magnetic field group (P＜0.05);the whole blood low shear viscosity and plasma viscosity were also decreased (both P＜0.01).TEM showed the changes in red blood cell morphology and the double concave disc curvature.The radian of double concave disc and cell volume in the magnetic field group was larger than those in the control group.Conclusion:The high intensity alternating magnetic field may affect the distribution of surface charge and molecular current in blood cells,which in turn decrease the aggregation of cells and the blood viscosity.