Objective To investigate risk factors of corrected QT (QTc) interval prolongation in schizophrenia pa-tients treated with clozapine. Methods Two hundred and ten schizophrenia patients treated with clozapine were included in the study. Measurement of myocardial enzymes and electrocardiography were performed to determine QTc interval. QTc interval was calculated according to Bazett’s formula. Results QTc prolongation prevalence rate was 15.24%, The QTc prolongation prevalence rate was higher in female than in male (29.23%vs. 8.98%, P<0.001). The mean QTc inter-val was longer in female than in male [(427.30 ± 24.33)ms vs. (410.39 ± 25.80)ms, P<0.001]. The QTc interval showed weak positive correlation with age (r=0.203, P=0.003) and heart rate (r=0.326, P<0.001). There was no correlation be-tween QTc interval and clozapine dosage or therapy course (P>0.05). Multi-factors linear regression analysis showed that heart rate was related with QTc interval (β=0.719, standardizedβ=0.691, P=0.027). Conclusions QTc interval prolonga-tion prevalence rate is high in patients treated with clozapine. And increased heart rate might be risk factor of QTc inter-val prolongation.

Objective To assess the diagnostic value of 3D-enhanced T2 ? weighted angiography (ESWAN )in evaluating superficial siderosis of the central nervous system (SS-CNS)after traumatic subarachnoid hemorrhage (tSAH).Methods ESWAN and GRE T2 ? WI sequence were performed on 30 patients with tSAH,detection rate and the number of distribution areas of SS-CNS were compared between the two sequences.A McNemar’s test and Wilcoxon signed-rank test were used to analyze the differences between T2 ? WI and ESWAN images sequences. Results In the tSAH group,29 of 30 patients (96.7%)showed SS-CNS on ESWAN images,the total number of SS-CNS regions was 134.Identified SS-CNS positive rate respectively was 95.8% (23/24)on ESWAN images and 66.7% (1 6/24)on T2 ? WI in 24 patients simultaneously perform ESWAN and T2 ? WI sequences.A McNemar ’s test showed that there was significant difference between the positive rates of two sequences in detecting the SS-CNS (χ2 =7.0,P <0.05).The number of SS-CNS regions on ESWAN images and T2 ? WI was 106 and 34 respectively.The Wilcoxon signed rank test showed that the number of SS-CNS regions difference between two sequences was significant (Z =-4.225,P <0.01).Conclusion Various degress of SS-CNS are detected in a majority of tSAH atients.ESWAN sequence is a reliable and efficient method for assessment of SS-CNS.

Objective:To elucidate the factors influencing the differences in the survival rates of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) patients between the rural and urban regions in China. Methods:A total of 36,723 ESCC patients derived from the clinical data-bases containing 500,000 esophageal and gastric cardia carcinoma cases (1973-2015) of the Henan Key Laboratory for Esophageal Can-cer Research of the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou University, were analyzed. Of these patients, 33,625 were from the rural re-gions (91.6%), comprising 20,906 male patients with an average age of 58.98 ± 8.71 years and 12,719 females with an average age of 59.59 ± 8.53 years. The remaining 3,098 were from the urban regions and composed of 2,089 male patients with an average age of 60.84±9.10 years and 1,009 females with an average age of 62.46 ± 9.14 years. All the patients underwent radical esophagectomy, de-tailed histopathological diagnosis, and TNM staging. Chi square test, Kaplan-Meier, Log-rank, and Cox proportional hazards regression model were used to analyze the differences between ESCC patients from rural regions and those from urban regions and among the risk factors in prognosis. Results:Kaplan-Meier and Log-rank analysis results showed that the ESCC patients from the rural regions had significantly higher overall survival than the urban patients (χ2=12.971, P=0.000). Further analysis showed that rural patients≥50 years old and diagnosed with stage IIa and IIb (middle stage) ESCC had higher survival rates than urban patients in males and females (male:χ2=16.188, P<0.001;female:χ2=5.019, P=0.025). However, the survival rates of rural and urban patients with stage 0,Ⅰa,Ⅰb (early stage) and Ⅲa, Ⅲc, and Ⅳ (late stage) were similar (P>0.05). The results of Cox proportional hazards regression model analysis showed that age, gender, and TNM stages were independent risk factors for rural and urban ESCC patients. When the rural and urban ESCC patients were both considered, the Cox proportional hazards regression model analysis results showed that male ESCC patients≥50 years old, urban residence, and TNM stages were independent risk factors. Conclusion:Rural ESCC patients have significantly high-er overall survival than urban patients. Male, age of≥50 years old, urban residence, and TNM stages were independent risk factors for ESCC patient survival.

OBJECTIVE: Cisplatin is a widely used chemotherapeutic agent in the treatment of cancers in clinic; but it often induces adverse effects on ovarian functions such as reduced fertility and premature menopause. Mesna could attenuate the cisplatin-induced ovarian damages; however, the underlying mechanism is still unknown. This study aimed to figure out the underlying mechanism of the protection of mesna for ovaries against cisplatin therapy in cancers. METHODS: We performed female adult Sprague-Dawley rats into normal saline control (NS), low-dose cisplatin (CL), high-dose cisplatin (CH), CL plus mesna (CL+M), and CH plus mesna (CH+M) groups and detected anti-Mullerian hormone (AMH)-positive follicle, oxidative stress status and anti-oxidative capability in ovaries. RESULTS: AMH-positive follicles were significantly decreased after cisplatin administration, which was significantly reversed when mesna was co-administered with cisplatin. The end product of lipid peroxidation, malondialdehyde (MDA), was significantly increased, but the anti-oxidative enzymatic activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione (GSH) were significantly decreased in cisplatin groups when compared with NS group. In contrast, after co-administration of cisplatin with mesna, MDA was significantly decreased whereas the activity of SOD and the concentration of GSH were increased. Moreover, mesna did not decrease the anti-tumor property of cisplatin in HePG2 cell lines. CONCLUSION: Cisplatin damages the granulosa cells by oxidative stress to deplete the ovarian reserve and mesna could protect ovarian reserve through anti-oxidation. These results might highlight the mechanism of the protection of mesna for ovarian reserve and open an avenue for the application of mesna as a protective additive in cisplatin chemotherapy in clinical practise.
Adult ; Animals ; Anti-Mullerian Hormone ; Cisplatin ; Female ; Fertility ; Glutathione ; Granulosa Cells ; Hep G2 Cells ; Humans ; Lipid Peroxidation ; Malondialdehyde ; Menopause, Premature ; Mesna ; Ovary ; Oxidative Stress ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Superoxide Dismutase