Objective To investigate the alleviative effects of lidocaine postconditioning on pulmonary injury following ischemia reperfusion. Methods Seventy-two adult SD rats were randomized to 4 groups; sham group, ischemia-reperfusion (I-R) group, ischemic postconditioning(IPC) group and lidocaine postconditioning group. The pulmonary ischemia-reperfusion model was established by occlusion of the left hilum of lung for 45 min and the reperfusion was taken by removing the clamp for 2 h. At the moment of reperfusion, lidocaine 4 mg/kg was injected as a priming dose following a continuous rate of 4 mg/(kg · h). PaO_2, TNF-α, W/D of left lung, the level of MDA of left lung tissue were measured. At the end of reperfusion left lung was removed for microscopy. Results After reperfusion PaO_2 of lidocaine group was much higher than that of I-R group (P<0.05). Lidocaine postconditioning induced a significant decrease in the level of MDA of lung tissue[(7. 03±1.17) μmol/L] compared with ischemia reperfusion group [(8.77±1.42) μmol/L] (P<0.05). Lidocaine postconditioning resulted in a lower level of TNF-α [(1. 69±0.34) μg/L] than that of I-R group [(2. 52±0. 54) μg/L] (P < 0. 05). Microscopic examination showed that lidocaine postconditioning could decrease the level of edema of left lung and accumulation of neutro-phils. Conclusion Lidocaine postconditioning exerts a protective effect on pulmonary ischemia-reperfusion injury administered in the beginning of reperfusion. The effect may be explained by to the antioxidant effect and the suppression of expression of TNF-α.

30 sexually mature, virgin female SD rats, weighed 200-270 g were mated and used for the study of the teratogenic effect of N, N-methylene-bis (2-amino-1,3,4-thiadiazole) (Bis-A-TDA) on fetal neural tube formation and to explore the possible morphological mechanism of neural tube defects (NTD). In the morning of day 10 of gestation, the experimental group was administered with 10mg/kg body weight Bis-A-TDA mixed in peanut oil, and the control group with the same amount of peanut oil only. The results Showed that the incidence of NTD was 52.9% and the majority of NTD were excencephaly and encephalocele in the experimental group. In the early stage of NTD formation, some neuroepithelial cells showed vacuolated degeneration and necrosis, and the mitochondria became swollen and with indistinct or even disappeared crista. The intercellular spaces widened, and some cells escaped into the lumen of neural tube. The mitotic index of neuroepitbelial cells were sharply decreased. In the closure region of the telencephalon, similar changes of the neuroepithelium were present also, and decreased migration of mesodermal cells was noted. We consider the failure of cranial neural folds to approximate and closure was caused mainly by the damage of neuroepithelial cells, inhibition of cell proliferation, alteration of intercellular junctions and the changes of topographical arrangement of the neuroepithelium. The damage and delayed migration of mesodermal cells might also be involved in this event.

Objective To investigate the alleviative effects of lidocaine postconditioning on pulmonary injury following ischemia reperfusion.Methods Seventy-two adult SD rats were randomized to 4 groups:sham group,ischemia-reperfusion(I-R) group,ischemic postconditioning(IPC) group and lidocaine postconditioning group. The pulmonary ischemia-reperfusion model was established by occlusion of the left hilum of lung for 45 min and the reperfusion was taken by removing the clamp for 2 h. At the moment of reperfusion,lidocaine 4 mg/kg was injected as a priming dose following a continuous rate of 4 mg/(kg?h). PaO2,TNF-?,W/D of left lung,the level of MDA of left lung tissue were measured. At the end of reperfusion left lung was removed for microscopy. Results After reperfusion PaO2 of lidocaine group was much higher than that of I-R group(P

Despite tre mendous research efforts have been devoted to the analysis of nanoparticles (NPs)biohazard,the potential mechanism for nanotoxicity has not yet been syste mati-cal y elucidated.This review intends to point out the confusions about nanotoxicity in the field and tries to look into the mecha-nism from a new perspective.Currently,there are three puzzles:① no relationship between dose and toxicity could be observed in nanotoxicity;②there is a theory for the″size effects″,however, it cannot explain some cases contrary to the doctrine;③ NPs made of different materials with various sizes could have the same toxic effects through sti mulating oxidative stress.In fact, human body is co mposed of various biological molecules,and the biological function of a living syste m is reflected by the inter-actions and conversions of those molecules.NPs,on the other hand,are the invader of human body which has no ability to transport or convert or digest the foreigner.Thus,NPs could cause celldamage due to the physical blockage of micro-circula-tion,celldestruction due to membrane rando m insertion,and celldysfunction due to physical contacting with big biological mole-cules.The physical damages caused by various NPs could be divided into three categories:adhesion lesion,card inlay and puncture.Above al ,by analyzing wide spectrum of NPs varying in co mposition,shape and size,the author draws a conclusion that physical damage is the origin of nanotoxicity.

Objective To make an epidemiological investigation on TORCH infection in children in Pu′er city of Yunnan prov‐ince ,in order to provide references for the prevention and treatment of TORCH infection in children .Methods A total of 1 194 children treated at this hospital from January to December 2014 were selected and divided into five age groups .Serum TORCH spe‐cific IgM and IgG antibodies were detected by using enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA) and the positive rate of TORCH specific antibody and TORCH infection rate were comparatively analysed .Results The positive rate of TORCH specific IgM anti‐body was significantly lower than that of IgG .The range of positive rate of IgM was 0 .00% -3 .10% ,and that of IgG was 10 .13% -82 .24% .The total infection rate of TORCH was 96 .98% .There were no significant differences in the infection rate of single item of TORCH or the total TORCH infection rate among the five different age groups(P>0 .05) .The distribution of infec‐tion rate of single item of TORCH among the five age groups was statistically significantly different(P<0 .05) .There was no sig‐nificant difference in the infection rate of TORCH or the distribution of infection rate of single item of TORCH among different sea‐sons(P>0 .05) .Conclusion Children with TORCH infection in this area mainly are infected by CMV ,followed with RV and HSV infections ,while TOX infection is uncommon .There are no obvious differences in different seasons and children in different age groups .

Objective To analyze the results of children′s respiratory tract infection pathogens IgM antibody nine‐combined de‐tection in Pu′er and grasp the epidemiological characteristics of respiratory tract infection of local children for providing reference for clinical diagnosis and treatment .Methods 1 327 cases of children′s blood sample with respiratory tract infection were randomly sampled from in Pu′er People′s Hospital in 2014 .All the samples were tested with nine respiratory tract infection pathogens IgM antibody detection reagent kit(indirect immunofluorescence) ,and the test results were adopted for statistical analysis .Results There were 446 cases positive for IgM antibody in 1 327 cases of respiratory tract infection children ,the total positive rate was 33 .6% .The Positive rate of mycoplasma pneumonia(MP) was the highest ,for 23 .6% .The second was influenza B virus(INFB) , for 18 .5% .The eosinophilic lung legionella type 1(LP) ,adenovirus(ADV) ,respiratory syncytial virus(RSV) ,influenza A(INFA) and parainfluenza virus(HPIVs) were all much lower :respectively for 0 .4% ,1 .1% ,1 .0% ,1 .1% and 1 .0% .It was showed that no positive results were found in Q fever rickettsia(CB) and chlamydia pneumonia(CP) .There was significant difference of the positive rate among 9 kinds of pathogens(P<0 .05) .There was significant difference of the monthly positive rate among the main six patho‐gens(P<0 .05) .There was significant difference of the positive rate in the different age groups(P<0 .05) .Conclusion The respir‐atory tract infection pathogens of children in Pu′er are mainly mycoplasma pneumoniae and influenza B virus .The epidemiological distribution of the pathogens is related to the age and season ,the clinician should reasonably diagnose and treat according to the test results for children .

Ultrastructural changes in the spiral organ of cochlea at various intervals after exposure to impulse noise were investigated. Guinea pigs were exposed to 10 impulses noise of 166 dB SPL peak level which had duration of 0.1 ms. Thirteen of the exposed animals were used to systematically measure threshold shift at regular intervals from 30 min to 30d post-exposure. The other fourteen animals who had been exposed to the same impulse noise were killed for transmission electron microscopy (TEM) examination at the same intervals, respectively. The recovery pattern of threshold shift showed a nonmonotonic type. There was a progressive deterioration of changes in the hair cells between 30 min and 8h after exposure. Intracellular degeneration reached a peak at 8h and marked edema and swelling leading to deformation of the outer hair cells (OHCs), fused stereocilia, large vesicles in cytoplasm and swollen submembraneous cisterns were found. After that time the extent of degeneration in the hair cells reduced. The time sequence of changes in the spiral organ of cochlea in the present study was associated with the recovery pattern of threshold shift.

Guinea pigs were exposed to either 110dB SPL white noise for 30min (ITS group )or 120 dB SPL for 150 nun (PTS group). At varying postexposure intervals, threshold shifts were assessed using auditory cortex evoked response to tone bursts and intracellular ultrastructural changes in the spiral organ of cochleae were exmained with a transmission electron microscope.. The threshold shifts induced by 110dB noise were reversible while those induced by 120dB noise were generally irreversible. In the TTS cochleae, damage was confined to the third row of OHCs where depolymerization of actin filaments within the stereocilia, slight celluar swelling and small vacuolization were found. The subnuclear area and nerve-endings were not involved. In the PTS cochleae, the inner hair cells (IHCs) and the first row of OHCs were affected. The abnormilities consisted of ruptures and holes in the cuticular plates, fusion of stereocilia, marked edema, tranclucence of subcuticular region, swelling of submembraneous cisterns and large vesiculation in the efferent nerve-endings blow OHCs. Based on the ultrastructural observations, structural bases in cochleae for TTS and PTS, sequence of pathological changes in hair cells as well as reversibility of specific pathologies were suggested.

With the development of clinical education,Urology Department in Xiangya Hospital has identified teaching object and scheme,and improved the condition and modality of teaching and the level and development of clinical teaching.

ObjectiveTo investigate the features of liver injury in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), and to provide a reference for clinical diagnosis and treatment. MethodsMedical records were collected from 201 patients with COVID-19 who were admitted to Xiangyang Central Hospital from January 19 to March 5, 2020, and these patients were divided into non-critical (mild/common type) group with 173 patients and critical (severe/critical type) group with 28 patients. The data on alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), total bilirubin (TBil), direct bilirubin (DBil), and albumin (Alb) were collected. The t-test was used for comparison of normally distributed continuous data between groups, the chi-square test was used for comparison of categorical data between groups, and the Wilcoxon rank-sum test was used for comparison of ranked data between groups. ResultsAmong the 201 patients, 37 (18.4%) had liver injury, with 19 in the critical group and 18 in the non-critical group, and there was a significant difference in the incidence rate of liver injury between the two groups (67.9% vs 10.4%, χ2=52.963, P＜0.05). There were significant differences between the 19 patients with liver injury in the critical group and the 18 patients with liver injury in the non-critical group in the duration of abnormal ALT and/or AST (on admission and during hospitalization) (χ2=11.906, P＜0.05) and the increase in ALT and/or AST (Z=-2.869, P＜0.05), and most patients had mild or moderate liver injury. Among the 201 patients, only one patient had elevated bilirubin (TBil ＜2 × upper limit of normal, mainly indirect bilirubin) and had non-critical liver injury. The critical group had a significantly lower level of Alb than the non-critical group (t=-8.002, P＜0.05). Among the 201 patients, 75 had a reduction in Alb, among whom 50 (50/201, 24.9%) had a reduction on admission and 25 (25/201, 12.4%) had a reduction during hospitalization, and there were significant differences in Alb (t=-4.967, P＜0.05) and hypoalbuminemia (χ2=26.645, P＜0.05) between the two periods of time. ConclusionLiver injury is relatively common in patients with COVID-19, mainly mild or moderate liver injury. There is a low incidence rate of abnormal bilirubin and a high incidence rate of the reduction in Alb. There are significant differences in the incidence rate and severity of liver injury between the crucial and non-critical patients. Alb level can be used as one of the indicators to evaluate and predict the severity of COVID-19 patients.