A number of studies have shown that migraine, particularly migraine with aura, has certain correlation with stroke.However, their related potential mechanism remains unclear. Migraine may be a cause and/or a risk factor for stroke. Stroke may cause the occurrence of migraine, and it may also be a disease with two clinical manifestations.

Objective To explore the effect of diphosphonate on expression of matrix metalloproteinase-9(MMP-9) and cathepsin K(CK) in subchondral bone of unstable rabbit knee joints.Methods Fifty male New Zealand white rabbits were divided randomly into three groups according to random digits table:the control group (n=10),the model group (n=20).the diphosphonate group (n=20).Hulth model of unstable rabbit knee joint was achieved in the right knee joint.Ten rabbits from the diphosphonate group and 5 rabbits from the control group were sacrificed by aeroembolism at the second and tenth week postoperatively,respectively.Then the medial femoral condyles of the right knee were harvested.Specimens were processed for immunohistochemical analysis of MMP-9 and CK.Results Cells with expression of MMP-9 and CK could be found in the three groups at the second and tenth week after operation.Compared with the control group,there was a significant increase in the number of cells with expression of MMP-9 and CK in model group at the second and tenth week after operation.Diphosphonate could inhibit expression of MMP-9 and CK in cells.Compared with the model group,the number of cells with expression of MMP-9 and CK in diphosphonate group was fewer; there was a statistical significance between them.Conclusion Diphosphonate can inhibit the expression of MMP-9 and CK in subchondral bone of unstable rabbit knee joints,which can resist the bone resorption and protect articular cartilage.

Type 2 diabetes mellitus is an independent risk factor of cognitive impairment. In addition to the vascular damaged with high glucose and metabolic disorder, the disruption of neuronal calcium homeostasis, neurotransmitter and inflammatory response may be pathogenesis of cognitive impairment in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients.

Objective To compare the difference among DNA damages in physics processes caused by protons with different energies around Bragg peak.Methods By constructing the nucleus and DNA model using Geant4 and simulating the transportation processes of protons with different energies around Bragg peak in nucleus model based on Geant4-DNA,the information of interaction points were recorded.16％ of them were picked randomly to use as the points at which protons interact with DNA.After finding out the points which broke the DNA and writing their information to new files,these new files were treated with density-based spatial clustering of applications with noise (DBSCAN),so as to analyze and calculate the difference of DNA damages caused by protons with different energies.Results With the protons with energies from 20.0 to 0.6 MeV,the numbers of damage points and damage clusters increased from 49.86 to 549.88 and from 2.92 to 82.46,respectively;the numbers of clusters with different sizes had a remarkable increase,and the number of clusters with size not less than 5 increased by 400 times.The average cluster size increased slightly.Simple single strand breaks (SSSBs),complex single strand breaks (CSSBs),simple double strand breaks (SDSBs) and complex double strand breaks (CDSBs) of DNA increased by about 8,26,24 and 64 times,respectively.The proportion of single strand breaks (SSBs) decreased from 96.69％ to 89.37％,and the double strand breaks (DSBs) increased from 3.31％ to 10.63％.Conclusions The lower proton energy would result in the more complex damage to DNA and the harder repair of DNA damage.

OBJECTIVE: To clarify the correct diagnostic methods of FBPS of children, and to explore techniques and technology of surgical operation aim to complete excision of sinus tract and preservation of the recurrent laryngeal nerve through analyzing the clinical characteristics and the characteristics of open neck surgery in FBPS of children. METHOD: Clinical materials of 6 children FBPS with internal pyriform sinus were retrospectively analyzed, and literatures were studied to explore the appropriate surgical management of children FBPS; lesions of 6 patients were completely dissected by open neck surgery with the help of di-direction catheterization revealing the tract of fistula, and the openings of the fistula to pyriform apex were cauterized by monopolar coagulation at the end of the procedure; all 6 cases were with systematic endoscopic follow-up. RESULT: All cases of 6 children patients were cured by open neck surgery, no recurrence of clinical symptoms were observed during a mean follow-up of 14 months (1-3 years); 2 cases were diagnosed with an "anatomical" relapse (persistence of the sinus tract orifice without clinical symptoms) at the follow-up endoscopy(at 3 and 4 months after surgery); all 6 cases had no complication of laryngeal paralysis. CONCLUSION The children patients presenting recurrent acute suppurative thyroiditis and deep neck abscess of anterior area in the lower part of neck, especially locating left neck, should be considered as the diagnosis of FBPS. also the same as confirmed by enhanced neck CT scan and direct laryngoscopy. Patients with identification of internal pyriform sinus and Betz fold by direct laryngoscopy, and with identification of fistula which passes through the cricothyroid membrane beneath the superior laryngeal nerve can be confirmed FBPS. Completely dissection of sinus tract by open neck surgery was the effective management of children FBPS and di direction catheterization aids to reveal and identify the tract of fistula. Resection of the posterior part of the thyroid cartilage ala can be useful to aid exposure and preservation of the recurrent laryngeal nerve; but co-excision of a portion of the upper of the thyroid gland aids to the entire dissection of lesions. In addition, cauterizing the opening of the fistula to pyriform apex may be useful to obliterate the internal opening of pyriform sinus.
Adolescent ; Branchial Region ; abnormalities ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; Fistula ; diagnosis ; surgery ; Humans ; Male ; Neck ; Retrospective Studies

Objective To evaluate the in-vivo effect of Compound Phyllanthus urinaria Ⅱ(CPU Ⅱ) on duck hepatitis B virus(DHBV).Methods Thirty ducks with congenital infection of DHBV,which were DHBV-DNA positive confirmed by polymerase chain reaction(PCR),were randomly divided into 5 groups: DHBV control group,high-,middle-,and low-dosage CPU Ⅱgroups(in the dose of 33.6,18.6 and 8.4 g-1?d-1,respectively),and Lamivudine group(20 mg?kg-1?d-1).The serum DHBV-DNA level of all ducks was detected by quantity real-time fluorescence PCR before and after medication.Results On the 7th,14th,21st,and 28th day of medication and on the 5th day of suspension of medication,the serum DHBV-DNA level in both of the high-and middle-dosage CPU Ⅱ groups was obviously lower than that before medication and than that in the DHBV control group(P

Objective To study the effects of learning environment on learning memory and microvessel density in hippocampus of rats after cerebral infarction. Methods 80 Sprague-Dawley rats were coagulated right middle cerebral arteries electrically, and randomly divided into learning envionment (LE) and standard environment (SE) groups. They were tested with Morris Water Maze 7 d and 28 d after operation. The microvessel density in hippocampus was measured with CD34 immunohistochemstry 1, 3, 7, 14 and 28 days after operation. Results The achievement of Morris Water Maze was significantly better in the LE group than in the SE group (P<0.001), while the microvessel density in the hippocampus was more since 7 days after operation (P<0.05). Conclusion The learning environment can promote the angiogenesis and improve the learning and memory function recovery.

Objective To investigate the effects of hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) therapy on serum matrix met-alloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) levels, and on brain edema in patients with intracerebral hemorrhage. Methods Seventy-six subjects with intracerebral hemorrhage were divided into a routine treatment group (40 cases) and a.HBO treatment group (36 cases). 30 healthy persons served as a control group. Serum MMP-9 and ICAM-1 levels were measured before and after treatment. MRI images of the subjects' brains were prepared at the 5 ～ 7 th and 25th days. Absolute edema volumes and relative edema volumes were meas-ured on T2-weighted images. Results (1)The serum MMP-9 and ICAM-1 levels in the routine therapy and HBO groups were higher than those in the control group at the outset ( P≤0. 01 ). Both indices peaked on the 5th day, but there was no significant difference between the two treated groups. At the 15th and 25th day (after 10 and 20 HBO treatments) , the serum MMP-9 and ICAM-1 levels in the HBO group had decreased remarkably and were significant-ly lower than those in the routine therapy group (P≤0. 01 ). (2)At the 5 -7th and 25th days, both absolute edema volumes and relative edema volumes in the HBO group were significantly smaller than those in the routine therapy group ( P≤0. 05, P≤0. 01 ). (3) Serum MMP-9 and ICAM-1 levels were positively correlated with the brain edema volumes, and negatively correlated with decreased NIHSS scores (between pre- and post-treatment). Conclusions HBO therapy may reduce serum MMP-9 and ICAM-1 levels in patients with intracerebral hemorrhage, and lessen the severity and range of brain edema. HBO is helpful for restoring nerve function. Early and repeated multiple HBO treatments are beneficial for patients.

Objective To study the effect of hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) therapy on perihematomal edema in acute spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage. Methods Sixty-three consecutive hospitalized patients with supraten-torial intracerebral hemorrhage were allocated to an HBO group (n = 30) or a control group (n = 33) at random. Routine therapies were used with both groups. The treatment group received in addition twenty consecutive daily ses-sions of HBO therapy beginning 3～5 d after onset. MRI brain scans were performed on the 5～7th and 25th day. Absolute edema volumes and relative edema volumes were measured from T2-weighted images. Apparent diffusion co-efficients (ADCs) of the edematous regions were calculated on diffusion-weighted images (DWI). Results There were no statistical differences between the two groups in terms of age, sex, blood pressure, NIHSS, hematoma posi-tion or volume. At the 5th～7th d, both absolute and relative edema volumes in the HBO group were smaller than in the controls (P≤0.05). Brain edema was still prominent at the 25th d. Absolute edema volumes, relative edema volumes and ADC values were all smaller in the HBO group at the 25th day compared with the controls (P≤0.05). Conclusion HBO therapy soon after intracerebral hemorrhage can lessen the severity and range of brain edema. E-dema persists after the onset of the disease, and HBO can reduce such delayed brain edema. HBO may benefit func-tional recovery from intracerebral hemorrhage by reducing perihematomal edema.

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