Objective : To investigate the etiology, clinical manifestations, treatment and prevention of jaw necrosis caused by arsenic trioxide to provide a reference for clinical diagnosis and treatment. Methods: To analyze the clinical data and related literature of patients with jaw necrosis caused by acute promyelocytic leukemia treated with arsenic trioxide Results: We report a case of jaw necrosis caused by the use of arsenic trioxide (10 mg once a day for one month) during the treatment of acute promyelocytic leukemia. About 20 days after treatment, the patient developed right maxillary pain accompanied by gingival redness and swelling and mucosal ulcer, 14-17 teeth had buccal and palatal alveolar bone exposed, gingival mucosa was missing, gingival tissue was damaged to the bottom of vestibular groove, and palatal soft tissue was damaged to 5-8 mm of palatal suture. Due to the unstable condition of acute promyelocytic leukemia, the patient was given conservative treatment such as oral vitamin and Kangfuxin liquid gargle to keep his mouth clean. Drug induced jaw necrosis reported in the literature can be caused by bisphosphonates. Arsenic trioxide can also cause local jaw necrosis. Clinically, it is often manifested as long-term wound nonunion, pus, alveolar bone or jaw bone exposure, dead bone formation, accompanied by pain, loose teeth, facial swelling and other symptoms. Anti inflammation, debridement and surgical removal of dead bone are commonly used treatment methods. Conclusion In clinical practice, we should be alert to drug-induced jaw necrosis and strengthen prevention.

AIM: With building a proliferation model of PA-induced VSMC, the effect of ATGL, a key fat metabolism enzyme, on the phenotype transformation of VSMC was preliminarily explored. METHODS: 40 μmol/L Atglistatin was added to the proliferation model of VSMC induced by PA (50 μmol/L, 100 μmol/L, and 200 μmol/L, respectively) at separately administered concentrations, and cell viability and cell proliferation were detected by CCK-8 and EDU; cell migration ability was detected by scratch assay; oil red staining was used to detect the accumulation of lipid droplets in VSMC was detected by oil red staining; the effects of PA on ATGL as well as the effects of smooth muscle contraction phenotype proteins were examined by Western blot. RESULTS: PA at a concentration of 100 μmol/L could significantly induce VSMC proliferation, promote lipophagy and increase lipid droplet accumulation in VSMC; meanwhile, Atglistatin could exacerbate these changes caused by PA and increase lipid droplet accumulation in VSMC. CONCLUSION: Atglistatin exacerbates PA-induced VSMC proliferation and increases VSMC lipid droplet accumulation, and exacerbates transformation of proliferative phenotype of VSMC.

This article presents the anatomical basis, different kinds of perforator flaps and the distribution regularity of perforator vessels, principle of terminology, range of application, and their advantages and disadvantages. The procedure in harvesting and transplantation of perforator flaps are also discussed, in order to promote clinical application of perforator flaps, and to provide a more efficacious way to reconstruct the deep burn wound.
Burns ; surgery ; Humans ; Perforator Flap ; transplantation ; Reconstructive Surgical Procedures ; methods

This article summarizes methods of repair of massive and deep wounds, elucidates how to improve wound healing quality and avoid scar deformity after deep burn. A part of denatured dermis (non-necrotic) in deep partial-thickness burn, "mixed degree" burn, even in full-thickness burn wounds before forming eschar can be preserved and covered with autologous skin, thereby to avoid secondary damage to the structure of subcutaneous tissue and the junction of dermis-adipose, thus to result in good functions, appearance, and survival rate. After skin grafting, wound healing quality and appearance are improved, joint function and elasticity of skin are enhanced, the degree of scar contracture is relieved due to preservation of normal adipose tissue after escharectomy. The study of composite artificial skin will be actively developed in the future. Tissue-engineering skin and stem cells can be successfully used in patients with deep burns for scarless healing with restoration of physiological functions in a short period.
Adipose Tissue ; transplantation ; Burns ; surgery ; therapy ; Humans ; Reconstructive Surgical Procedures ; Skin Transplantation ; Tissue Engineering ; Wound Healing

The history and application of surgical flap transplantation in burn wound were briefly reviewed. We outlined skin flap, musculocutaneous flap, fascia flap and neurocutaneous vascular flap in this paper and recommended repair deep wounds with flap. All in all, in this review, we hope to provide a meaningful option for clinical application of surgical flap in the future.
Burns ; surgery ; China ; Humans ; Skin Transplantation ; Surgical Flaps ; classification

Primary renal lymphoma is one of the malignant lymphomas that initially presents in the extra lymphonode, which is rarely seen in children. This study reported two cases of primary renal lymphoma in children who were definitively diagnosed by renal biopsy. Renal tubular acidosis was the initial manifestation in both cases. They were referred to the hospital with chief complaints of polydipsia, polyuria, debilitation, vomiting and anemia. Imaging and laboratory examinations showed bilateral renomegaly, hypocalcemia, hypophosphatemia, and metabolic acidosis. One of the patients discontinued therapy. The other received chemotherapy including prednisone, vincristine, cytarabine and L-asparaginase, combined with intrathecal injections of methotrexate, dexamethasone and Ara-C and supporting treatment. Twenty-three days after treatment, polydipsia and polyuria were relieved, and acidosis, kaliopenia and anemia were improved in the patient. There were no abnormal findings in the renal B-ultrasound re-examination. It was concluded that when a patient is suspected of renal lymphoma, diagnostic puncture and renal biopsy should be performed early. Early combined therapeutics including chemotherapy, radiation therapy, surgery and supporting treatments may result in a favorable prognosis in patients with this disease.
Acidosis, Renal Tubular ; diagnosis ; etiology ; Child ; Humans ; Kidney Neoplasms ; complications ; Lymphoma ; complications ; Male

This paper summarizes the current literature on the potential therapeutic role of stem cell transplantation for kidney injury and repair and focuses on the choice of types of stem cells, the method of transplantation, and the mechanisms of stem cell homing to injured renal tissues and its protective effects. The application of umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (UC-MSCs) shows wide prospects, but the approach and optimal dose of cell transplantation are under intensive investigation. Signals that regulate stem cell homing to injured renal tissues may be related to chemokines or factors released in the target site. Several studies have pointed out that paracrine and endocrine of stem cells are the most likely mechanism of action in the injured nephron. Many questions remain unanswered but stem cell-based therapy is a promising new strategy for acute and chronic kidney diseases.
Animals ; Cord Blood Stem Cell Transplantation ; Humans ; Kidney Diseases ; therapy ; Mesenchymal Stem Cell Transplantation ; Stem Cell Transplantation ; methods

This article presents an integrated overview of Guanxin II (II) regarding its quality control, pharmacokinetics, pharmacology, clinical studies, adverse events, dosage and administration, and its pharmacoeconomic assessment. It has been demonstrated that Guanxin II has beneficial effects on coronary heart disease (CHD). The underlying mechanism was proved to be its anti-ischemic, anti-apoptotic, antioxidative, antiplatelet and anti-inflammatory effects, and so on. Tanshinol, hydroxysafflor yellow A and ferulic acid might be responsible for the cardioprotective effect of Guanxin II. In terms of acquisition cost, Guanxin II is cheaper than other drugs currently available for CHD. Guanxin II is safe, cheap, and effective in the management of CHD. However, the mechanism of its cardioprotective effects has not been completely understood because of limitations in the research methodologies of Chinese medicine. Further work should be carried out with single components such as tanshinol, hydroxysafflor yellow A and ferulic acid, using modern biochemical and molecular methods.
Coronary Disease ; drug therapy ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; adverse effects ; pharmacokinetics ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Economics, Pharmaceutical ; Humans

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the apoptosis of human breast cell line MCF-7 cells induced by gemcitabine and radiation. METHODS: The MTT method was applied to study the growth inhibition of MCF-7 treated with gemcitabine, radiation, gemcitabine and radiation. The apoptosis index (AI) was analyzed by flow cytometry. The morphology of the MCF-7 cells apoptosis was observed by transmission electron microscopy. RESULTS: When MCF-7 cells were treated with gemcitabine at different concentrations for 24 h, the cell growth inhibition rate was increased in a concentration-dependent manner. The apoptotic indexes (AI) of MCF-7 of four groups by flow cytometry revealed. The AI of (R+D) group was significantly different from those of the radiation group and the gemcitabine group (P<0.05). Condensed chromation, nuclear fragmentation and apoptotic body of MCF-7 cells were found by transmission electron microscope. CONCLUSION The apoptosis of human breast cancer cell line, MCF-7 cells, could be induced by gemcitabine. Gemcitabine can significantly enhance the radiation-induced apoptosis of MCF-7 cells.
Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic ; pharmacology ; Apoptosis ; drug effects ; radiation effects ; Breast Neoplasms ; pathology ; Deoxycytidine ; analogs & derivatives ; pharmacology ; Female ; Flow Cytometry ; Humans ; Radiation ; Radiation-Sensitizing Agents ; pharmacology ; Tumor Cells, Cultured

OBJECTIVE: To establish a new method for in vitro observation of ciliary activity of the tracheal membrane in rabbit under a common light microscope. METHODS: Nine healthy adult rabbits were used. Two equal sized cervical trachea flaps were removed after the rabbits were anesthetized by urethane (4 mg/kg). The removed trachea flap was randomly assigned to the ephedrine (Eph) and DMEM control group, respectively. The observed trachea flap was placed in a small flat-bottomed glass container with its membranous side upward in DMEM culture medium solution (DMEM control group) or in 0.5% ephedrine solution prepared with DMEM (Eph group). One drop of 1% methylthioninium stained autologous blood cells was added into the glass container as the tracer, and the trachea flap was observed under a common light microscope (400 x). The latter was attached with a digital camera linking to an image manipulation system, the computed dynamic image analyser. The velocity of the tracer cell movement worked as the indicator for ciliary activity and was automatically determined by the digital image manipulation system. The variation coefficient (VC) was used as the indicator of the cell movement velocity. RESULTS: There was no significant difference among the VC at different time points in the DMEM control group. VC of the Eph group decreased regularly with the time point. CONCLUSION A thin layer of flowing fluid was found on the surface of the tracheal mucociliary blanket which is driven by the activity of the mucociliary system. The new method of using the tracer to evaluate the ciliary activity of mammalia tracheal membrane in vitro is reliable and stable. It is practical and valuable in the in vitro observation and evaluation of ciliary activity of the tracheal membrane.
Animals ; Cell Movement ; Cilia ; In Vitro Techniques ; Microscopy ; Mucociliary Clearance ; Mucous Membrane ; cytology ; Rabbits ; Trachea ; cytology