Objective To explore the dose of template-assisted ¹⁹²Ir source hypofractionated stereotactic brachytherapy (SABT) for peripheral lung cancer. Methods We retrospectively analyzed the dose parameters of GTV and OARs of 28 peripheral lung cancer patients treated with template-assisted ¹⁹²Ir-source hypofractionated SABT, and compared the dose parameters between SABT with virtual SBRT. Results The D_mean and V₁₅₀ for the GTV in the SABT plan were significantly higher than those in the SBRT plan (all P < 0.01). For OARs, all dosimetric parameters in the SABT plan were significantly lower than those in the SBRT plan (all P < 0.01), except for the D_1000cm³ and D_1500cm³ for the lung (P > 0.05). Conclusion Template-assisted ¹⁹²Ir source hypofractionated SABT ensures high dose in the gross tumor volume and reduces the dose in organs at risk in the treatment of peripheral lung cancer.

Objective The aims of this study were to analyze the clinical characteristics and laboratory test results of stageⅣ lung cancer patients with Pulmonary thromboembolism(PTE),and to find out the risk factors for pulmonary thromboembolism. Methods A total of 70 patients with stage IV lung cancer were selected from the First Affiliated Hospital of Nan Chang University from January 2011 to October 2017. Blood routine,blood biochemistry,coagulation function,tumor markers(CEA,CA199,CA125, NSE,Cyfra211)and multi-slice spiral CT pulmonary angiography(CTPA)were collected in these patients. Univariate analysis was applied to compare the clinical features and laboratory tests between PTE and non-PTE groups. Multivariate logistic regression analy-sis was applied to explore significant risk factors of PTE. Results Univariate analysis showed that serum albumin,blood leukocyte, neutrophil percentage,increased Cyfra211 and abnormal tumor markers were risk factors for PTE in patients with stage IV lung canc-er. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the number of abnormal tumor markers ≥4(OR=7. 016,95% CI:1. 916 ~25. 686)was an independent risk factor for PTE in stage IV lung cancer. Conclusion The number of abnormal tumor markers is an independent risk factor for pulmonary thromboembolism in stageⅣlung cancer. When the number of abnormal tumor markers is≥4, it is necessary to highly alert the possibility of stage IV lung cancer with pulmonary thromboembolism.

Objective: To preliminarily evaluate the safety of the coplanar template-assisted ¹⁹²Ir hypofractionated stereotactic ablative brachytherapy (SABT) in patients with locally advanced non-small cell lung cancer (LA-NSCLC), and assess the effect of template-assisted technology upon the accuracy of SABT by comparing the consistency of dosimetric parameters between preoperative and operative plans. Methods: Fifteen patients histologically confirmed with LA-NSCLC (stage Ⅱ_B-Ⅲ_A) were recruited and received the template-assisted SABT delivered in a risk-adapted fractionation (30 Gy/1F). Preoperative planning, template-assisted needle implantation, operative planning and implementation were performed in all patients. Dosimetric results of preoperative and operative plans were statistically compared by assessing the dosimetric parameters of gross tumor volume (HI, CI, D₉₀, V₁₀₀ and V₁₅₀) and organ at risk(V₅, V₂₀ and mean dose of bilateral lung, D_2cc of spinal cord. The incidence of perioperative complications of SABT was recorded. The safety and feasibility of SABT were evaluated. Results: Slight changes were noted in terms of target dose and irradiated dose to the lung between preoperative and operative plans without statistical significance (both P>0.05). No severe adverse events, such as severe pneumothorax, hemothorax and hemoptysis were observed. Conclusions Application of the template-assisted SABT can enhance the accuracy of implantation, maintain the consistency of the dosimetric parameters between the preoperative and operative plans and guarantee the clinical efficacy.

Objective To investigate the indications and clinical outcomes of total knee arthroplasty or osteotomy for knee osteoarthritis subsequent to previous femur fractures.Methods Six patients (three male and three female) with knee osteoarthritis subsequent to previous femur fractures were analyzed retrospectively between February 2006 and February 2017.The average age of patients was 58.2± 10.3 years old,ranged from 51 to 79 years.Four patients underwent total joint replacement and two underwent osteotomy.The average age of patients in joint replacement group was 60.5±12.3 years old.The age of the two patients in the osteotomy group was 51 and 55 years old,respectively.The extra-articular deformity angle of the coronal plane of the femur,lateral distal femur angle of mechanical axis,hip-knee-ankle angle (HKA) of preoperative and postoperative were determined on long-standing radiography.The mean angle of the extra-articular deformity in the joint replacement group was 17.0±7.7 degrees.The angle of the extra-articular deformity in the osteotomy group was 34 and 20 degrees.Lateral distal femur angle of mechanical axis in the joint replacement group was within the range of 87±7 degrees.Lateral distal femur angle of mechanical axis in the osteotomy group was out of the range of 87±7 degrees.The mean preoperative HKA of the joint replacement group was 161.8±8.0 degrees.The preoperative HKA of the osteotomy group was 155 and 160 degrees,respectively.Knee function was estimated according to knee range of motion and Knee Society Score (KSS).The results of postoperative hip-knee-ankle angle,knee range of motion (ROM) and knee society score were compared between the two groups.Results The mean HKA of the joint replacement group reached 176.0±2.8 degrees at one year postoperatively.The HKA of the osteotomy group improved to 177 and to 175 degrees at one year postoperatively.The average preoperative knee ROM improved significantly from 71 ± 16 degrees preoperatively to 113 ±5degrees postoperatively.The mean knee ROM of the joint replacement group was 113.0±6.8 degrees.The knee ROM of two patients in the osteotomy group was 110 and 115 degrees,respectively.The average preoperative KSS score improved significantly from 46±3 preoperatively to 88±3 postoperatively.The mean KSS of the joint replacement group was 88.8±3.0,while the KSS of the osteotomy group was 85 and 82.No bone nonunion was observed in the two patients in osteotomy group.Conclusion For patients with knee osteoarthritis subsequent to previous femur fractures,satisfactory short-term clinical outcomes could be obtained by total knee arthroplasty or osteotomy with the strict selection of proper operative indications.

Objective To assess the effects of pre-operative measurement of proximal tibia varus angle (PTA) on predicting condylar twist angle (CTA) in total knee arthroplasty (TKA).Methods The CT-scan of lower limb was performed in sixty-one health female volunteers aged 31.5 (18-38) years with 160 (153-170) cm heights from March 2016 to August 2016.The PTA,medial proximal tibial angle (MPTA) and CTA were determined.The PTA was defined between a line perpendicular to the mechanical axis of the tibia and the tangent on the internal tibial plateau.The MPTA was the medial angle between the mechanical axis of the tibia and the tangent on the internal tibial plateau.The CTA was the angle between the sTEA and the posterior condylar line.The correlations between these parameters were analyzed statistically by linear regression.Results The PTA,MPTA and CTA parameters were conformed to the normal distribution.The PTA was 2.30°± 1.86°,ranged from 1.40° to 6.50°.The MPTA was 87.7°± 1.86°,ranged from 83.50° to 88.60°.The CTA was 3.4°± 1.27°,ranged from 0.50° to 5.80°.The linear regression analysis showed a strong positive correlation between the CTA and PTA in health female knees (r=0.58,P=0.048),while negative correlation was found between the CTA and MPTA in health female knees (r=-0.58,P=0.048).There were fifty-two (85.2％) volunteers with PTA that was more than 2° and less than 4°.Six (9.8％) volunteers had PTA less than 2°,while three (4.9％) had PTA more than 4°.There were eight (13.1％) volunteers with CTA less than 3°.Forty-three (70.5％) volunteers had CTA more than 3° and less than 4°.CTA more than 4° was found in ten volunteers (16.4％).Based on these above results,two formulas were demonstrated for predicting the CTA:CTA=2.52+0.395PTA,CTA=38.06-0.390MPTA.Conclusion The CTA can be predicted by calculating the PTA by CT-scan and standard long-leg standing radiographs before TKA.Using the present method could reduce the risk of femur component malrotation and the flexion gap balancing during TKA.

BACKGROUND:Gingival thickness is an important indicator to determine gingival phenotype.The correct evaluation of gingival phenotype is helpful for the smooth going of periodontal surgery,implant implantation and orthodontic treatment.The search for a comfortable,accurate and convenient method of measuring gingival thickness has always been a research hotspot in this field. OBJECTIVE:To analyze the gingival thickness in different dental positions and to study the consistency of cone-beam computed tomography(CBCT)image and digital intraoral scanners and cone-beam computed tomography(DIS-CBCT)superimposition image for measuring gingival thickness and determining whether the gingiva is thick or thin. METHODS:Twenty volunteers(10 males and 10 females)with complete maxillary dentition were recruited.The thickness of the gingiva 2 mm below the buccal gingival margin of 160 teeth was measured by CBCT image and DIS-CBCT digital superimposition image.Gingival thickness was used to determine whether the gingiva was thick or thin.Paired t-test was used to analyze the differences in gingival thickness measured by the two methods.Pearson correlation analysis was used to evaluate the correlation between the gingival thickness results of the two methods.The intraclass correlation coefficient(ICC)and Bland-AItman chart were used to analyze the repeatability and consistency in measuring gingival thickness using the two methods.Kappa value was used to analyze the consistency in determining whether the gingiva was thick or thin using the two methods. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The gingival thickness measured by CBCT image and DIS-CBCT digital superimposition image was(1.47±0.39)and(1.42±0.36)mm,respectively(t=5.673,P＜0.05).Pearson correlation analysis showed that the gingival thickness measured by the two methods was positively correlated(r=0.968,P＜0.001).In the CBCT group,the values of intraobserver and interobserver ICC were 0.980-0.982 and 0.984,respectively;in the DIS-CBCT group,the values of intraobserver and interobserver ICC were 0.941-0.984 and 0.964,respectively(P＜0.001).The intergroup ICC value of gingival thickness measured by the two methods was 0.967(P＜0.001).Bland-AItman analysis showed that 4.37%(7/160)of the points measured by both methods for gingival thickness was outside the 95%limits of agreement.There were 71 cases of thick-gingiva and 89 cases of thin-gingiva measured by CBCT imaging,and 59 cases of thick-gingiva and 101 cases of thin-gingiva measured by DIS-CBCT digital superimposition image.The Kappa value of the two groups was 0.845(P＜0.001).These findings indicate that there is a significant difference in the thickness measurement of the gingiva 2 mm below the gingival margin between the CBCT group and the DIS-CBCT group,but the correlation is very strong.The repeatability and consistency of gingival thickness measurement are both high,and there is a good consistency between the two methods when used to determine whether the gingiva is thick or thin.

Objective To investigate the diet-related influencing factors in patients with gallbladder stone. Methods Forty patients with gallbladder stone who were admitted to the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University between July 2015 and September 2015 were enrolled in this prospective study, as the stone group. Another 40 healthy people were selected as the control group. The informed consents of patients in two groups were obtained and the local ethical committee approval was received. A cross-sectional survey was conducted to compare the baseline data, body mass index, serum lipid level, dietary composition, living habit and dietary intake between two groups. Normally-distributed data of two groups were compared by t test, and the rates were compared by Chi-square test or Fisher's exact probability test. Results A majority of patients in the stone group were farmers with junior education background, living in rural areas. The high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) level in the stone group was (1.1±0.3) mmol/L, significantly lower than (1.4±0.4) mmol/L in the control group (t= -3.616, P<0.05). The apolipoprotein A (apoA) level in the stone group was (1.27±0.16) g/L, significantly higher than (1.09±0.27) g/L in the control group (t=2.947, P<0.05). The percentage of eating fat pork in the stone group was 80% (32/40), significantly higher than 35% (14/40) in the control group (χ2=8.286, P<0.05). The percentage of eating cereals and dairy products in the stone group was respectively 10% (4/40) and 20% (8/40), significantly lower than 80% (32/40) and 90% (36/40) in the control group (χ2=19.789, 19.789; P<0.05). There were significant differences in the preference for fatty diet, dietary composition, drinking habit, breakfast habit, eating habit, smoking habit, hand-washing habit and exercise time between two groups (P<0.05). The daily intake of water, dairy products and fruits in the stone group was respectively (743±379) ml, (33±4) g and (128±39) g, significantly less than (1 410±406) ml, (233±88) g and (275±43) g in the control group (t=-5.373, -7.790, -3.293; P<0.05). The daily intake of poultry and edible oil in the stone group was respectively (112±35) and (43±12) g, significantly higher than (21±8) and (22±9) g in the control group (t=4.706, 8.854; P<0.05). Conclusions Lack of diet-related knowledge, high-fat and low-protein diet, irregular eating habit, insufficient drinking water and lack of exercise may probably be correlated with the incidence of gallbladder stone.

Objective:To establish the post competency evaluation index system for extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) nurses.Methods:Based on semi-structured interviews, a preliminary post competency evaluation index system for ECMO nurses was developed. From May to June 2022, the Delphi method was used to conduct two rounds of consultation with 19 experts in critical illness field from 15 ClassⅢGrade A hospitals in 6 provinces and municipalities across the country to determine the evaluation index system. The analytic hierarchy process was used to determine the weights and consistency coefficients of indexes at all levels. The positivity of experts was expressed by the effective response rate of the questionnaire, the coordination degree of expert opinions was expressed by Kendall's W and coefficient of variation, the authority of experts was expressed by the authority coefficient of experts, and the concentration of expert opinion was expressed by the mean importance assignment and the perfect score rate. Results:In two rounds of expert consultations, the effective response rates of the questionnaires well all 100.00% (19/19), with expert authority coefficients of 0.834 and 0.879. The Kendall's W for the overall indicator in the second round of expert correspondence was 0.281 ( P<0.01), and the coefficient of variation of the indicators at all levels was 0.05 to 0.17. In the second round of consultation, the mean importance scores assigned to indicators at all levels was 4.05 to 4.95, with a perfect score of 21.05% to 94.74%. The final constructed post competency evaluation index system for ECMO nurses included 4 first-level indicators, 28 second-level indicators, and 59 third-level indicators. Conclusions:The post competency evaluation index system for ECMO nurses is scientific, reliable, and reasonable, which can provide reference for optimizing the ECMO nurse training system and improving evaluation standards.

Objective:To introduce a novel technique note about anterior decompression through transoral axis slide and rotation osteotomy (ASRO) and identify its imaging parameters related to osteotomy, and to explore its clinical application value.Methods:CT data of cervical spine of 90 subjects were collected, including 54 males and 36 females. The age ranged from 26 to 72 years, with an average age of 48.7 years. The Mimics software was used to reconstruct the atlantoaxial three-dimensional model. We plan to perform osteotomy on both sides of the axis of the vertebral body in the anteroposterior direction and the ASRO related anatomical parameters were measured, including the minimum osteotomy angle, the maximum osteotomy angle, the minimum and maximumdistance between the osteotomy trajectory and the inner side of the articular surface, the length of the upper articular surface of the axis side mass, the depth of osteotomy at the highest point and lowest point of the axial osteotomy surface and the minimum osteotomy depth. A 56-year-old female patient was admitted to the hospital due to atlantoaxial dislocation with failure of occipital-cervical fusion, difficulty walking, weakness and hypoaesthesia in four limbs. Imaging revealed that narrow space between the transversal walking wire and upper-posterior of the odontoid process, compressing the spinal cord from the front and the back respectively. The ASRO technique was performed on the patient under neuro-electrophysiological monitoring, and the osteotomy angle, osteotomy depth, narrowest width of the upper cervical spinal canal, the medullary, spinal cord angle were measured and Japanese Orthopaedic Association Scores (JOA) cervical myelopathy evaluation were performed after the operation to evaluate the surgical treatment effect.Results:The minimum osteotomy angle and the maximum osteotomy angle was 14.7°± 4.36° and 33.0°± 8.67°. The minimum and maximumdistance between the osteotomy trajectory and the inner side of the articular surface, and the length of the upper articular surface of the axis side mass was 6.0±1.80 mm, 12.2±3.17 mm, and 17.2±1.90 mm, the ratio of the former two to the latter was 34%±8.7% and 70%± 15.0%. The depth of osteotomy at the upper edge, lower edge and narrowest place of the axial osteotomy surface were 6.0±1.80 mm, 12.2±3.17 mm and 17.2±1.90 mm. The postoperative imaging of the patient showed that the osteotomy angle was 17.1° on left side and 16.5° on right side, and the depth of osteotomy at the upper edge, lower edge and narrowest place of the axial osteotomy surface were 17.1 mm, 13.2 mm, and 9.1 mm on left side, and 17.4 mm, 11.8 mm, 8.46 mm on right side. All measured values met the ranges which were shown in the imaging anatomical study. The narrowest width of the upper cervical spinal canal increased from 6.58 mm to 15.28 mm, the medullary spinal cord angle increased from 131.7° to 153.8°postoperatively, and the cervical spine JOA score recovered from 6 points to 14 points, suggesting that the postoperative spinal canal space is obvious increased, the compression on the front of the spinal cord was significantly reduced. The patient's symptoms improved significantly.Conclusion:ASRO technique is a good choice for salvage of failed posterior occipitocervical fusion and some irreducible atlantoaxial dislocation because of the anterior bony fusion. It could direct decompress the spinal cord anteriorly, avoid the odontoid resection, which is a safe and feasible new technique.

Objective:To investigate the effects of hepatitis B virus X (HBx) on hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) proliferation, invasion, and sorafenib resistance.Methods:HepG2 cell line infected with HBx ORF lentivirus was set as the HBx high expression group and infected with empty vector was set as the negative control group. The interference group was infected with the HBx siRNA virus based on the HBx high expression group to reduce HBx expression. Interference control group as interference group but with infected empty vector virus. Western blotting was used to measure the protein level of HBx. Cell proliferation, invasion ability, and sorafenib semi-inhibitory concentration (IC50) of HCC cells under different HBx expression levels were respectively detected by cell proliferation assay kit, Transwell invasion assay, and cell titer-glo kit.Results:Western blotting showed that the stable cell lines were successfully established. Cell proliferation of the HBx high expression group was better than that of the blank control and negative control groups, and the cell proliferation of the interference group was lower than that of the interference control and HBx high expression groups, and the differences were all statistically significant ( P<0.05). The number of cells crossing Matrigel gel was (46.2±4.1), (50.7±5.1) and (48.2±5.2) in the blank control group, negative control group, and interference group, respectively. The number of cells crossing Matrigel gel in the HBx high expression group (124.2±8.3) and the interference control group (117.2±7.5) were higher than the above three groups, respectively, and the differences were all statistically significant ( P<0.05). The IC50 of cells in the HBx high expression group and the interference control group were (5.36±0.31) μmol/L and (5.48±0.20) μmol/L, respectively, which were higher than those in the blank control group, the negative control group, and the interference group (4.75±0.22) μmol/L, (4.60±0.14) μmol/L and (3.98±0.03) μmol/L. The differences were all statistically significant ( P<0.05). Conclusion:HBx promoted the tumor proliferation and invasion of HepG2 HCC cells, enhanced the ability to sorafenib resistance, and inhibited apoptosis.