Objective:To analyze the equity of health resource allocation in village-level medical institution in China,thus to provide the basis for formulating relevant health resources allocation policy.Methods:Using Lorenz curve and Gini coefficient,the rationality and equity of allocation of village health resources in China were evalua-ted by the equity of population distribution and the equity of geographical distribution.Results:The Gini coefficient of village health workers and health institutions was 0.19 and 0.20 respectively according to population distribu-tion,and was 0.65 and 0.63 respectively according to geographical distribution.The Gini coefficient's difference of village-level health resources in the eastern,central and western regions was small according to population distri-bution,but the difference was larger according to geographical distribution among different areas.Conclusion:The equity of village-level health resource allocation in China was preferable according to population distribution,but the equity according to geographic distribution was poorer.The formulation of health policy should pay more atten-tion to the equity of geographic distribution and allocate rationally.

Objective To explore the relationship between dyslipidemia and urinary stone formation.Methods The clinical data of 427 patients diagnosed with urolithiasis in our hospital during January 2015 to May 2016 were collected.Among them,272 men accounting for 63.7%,155 women account for 36.3%.The average age were 53 (43-63).218 cases were kidney stones,accounting for 35.6%;158 cases were ureteral calculi, accounting for 25.8%; 23 cases were kidney stones with ureteral calculi, accounting for 3.8%;28 cases were bladder calculi, accounting for 4.6%.At the same time,950 age and gender matched healthy controls were collected.Among them,570 men accounting for 60%, 380 women account for 40%.The average age were 53 ( 48-60 ).All of them had undergone renal ultrasound to excluded urolithiasis.The difference between lipid level and incidence of dyslipidemia in patients with urolithiasis were observed. The relationship between lipid level and serum UA, urine pH and stone composition was evaluated and analyzed with logistic regression.Results The average serum TC,TG,HDL-C levels of patients with urolithiasis were 4.34mmol/L, 1.38mmol/L, 1.25mmol/L, which levels were 4.32mmol/L,1.09mmol/L,1.40mmol/L in healthy controls.Significant difference were seen between the two groups ( P <0.05 ).The average serum LDL-C was 2.63mmol/L in patients with urolithiasis and 2.65mmol/L in healthy controls.No difference were seen between the two groups ( P=0.241).31.6% of patients with urolithiasis had different degree of dyslipidemia.The average serum UA levels,urine pH value of patients with dyslipidemia were 392μmol/L and 5,which were 339μmol/L and 6 in patients with normal lipid level.Significant difference were seen between the two groups ( P<0.05 ).Among 193 patients who had stone composition analysis, 130 cases had normal lipid level, accounting for 67.4%; 63 cases had dyslipidemia, accounting for 32.6%.In 63 patients with calculi who had dyslipidemia,31 cases had uric acid calculi,accounting for 49.2%.In 130 patients with calculi who had normal lipid level,40 cases had uric acid calculi, accounting for 30.8%.Significant difference were seen between the two groups ( P =0.013 ).Multivariate logistic regression showed TG was the independent risk factor of urinary stone formation ( P=0.001).Conclusion Dyslipidemia is closely related to urinary stone formation,especially concerning the for hypertriglyceridemia.

Objective The effect of electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) on smoking reduction,cessation and human health remains controversial,meanwhile,studies tocused on e-cigarettes are limited.We conducted this meta-analysis in purpose of helping figuring out the controversy.Methods PubMed, Medline,Embase,Cochrane library,CNKl and Wanfang Databases were searched for articles published up to May 2014.All studies discussing the relationship between e-cigarettes and smoking reduction,smoking cessation or human health were included.The fixed or random-eftect model was used to pool the relative risk(RR).Outcome 4 articles were included based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria,there were totally 7 002 subjects.Meta-analysis indicated that there was significant difference in e-cigarettes and smoking reduction,RR=1.88,95％ CI:1.07-3.32,P=0.09.The Meta-analysis showed that e-cigarettes were available in smoking cessation.RR=1.55,95％ CI:1.24-1.95,P=0.001.Conclusion Tiffs meta-analysis indicated that e-cigarettes were helpful in smoking cessation.Nonetheless,the articles included were too few to credibly support the outcome.Hence,more high-quality,randomized blind and large sample experiments are needed to verify the results.

Objective To explore the effects of donepezil on auditory event-related potentials in cases of mild cognitive impairment(MCI).Methods Thirty-four mildly impaired patients were examined using auditory event-related potentials and neuropsychological tests.All patients received 5 mg of donepezil orally each day.The patients were retested with the neuropsychological scales and re-examined for auditory event-related potentials after 3 months of treatment.Results All neuropsychological test scores among the MCI patients had improved significantly after treatment There was no significant change in average Boston naming test scores before and after treatment.PS0 amplitudes had decreased significantly after treatment,but P300 amplitude was elevated and latency significantly shortened compared with before treatment.PS0 amplitude was positively correlated with P300 latency in these MCI patients before treatment,but both P300 latencies and PS0 amplitudes showed a negative correlation with scores on the memory sub-tests.Conclusions These results suggest that donepezil may improve cognitive function among MCI patients,especially memory function.The PS0 and P300 components of auditory event-related potentials are objective and sensitive indicators to evaluate the cognition function of MCI patients,and they also can be used as indicators in assessing the efficacy of donepezil treatment of mild cognitive impairment.

To investigate the effect of MMP-26 on human glioma angiogenesis and the possible mechanism.Methods The MMP-26 plasmid and empty plasmid pcDNA3.1 were stably transfected into U251 cells to establish a nude mice xenograft model,and then an in vitro human tumor tissue-based three-dimensional angiagenic model.Tissue disks were visually assessed over time to determine the percentage of wells that developed an angiogenic response(I％) and the density and length of neovessel growth were graded at intervals using a semiquantitative visual growth-rating scheme (angiogenic index,AI,0-16scale) in groups of MMP-26 transfected U251 cells (U251-MMP-26),pcDNA3.1 vector-transfected U251 cells (U251-pcDNA3.1) and non-transfected U251 cells (U251).RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry were used to detect the expression of mRNA and protein of MMP-26 and VEGF in groups of U251-MMP-26,U251-pcDNA3.1 and U251.Immunohistochemical localization of CD31 was determined in the endothelial tubes invading the fibrin-thrombin clot matrix.Results Immunohistochemical endothelial cell markers CD31 was positive in the vascular tubes invading the fibrin-thrombin clot matrix,confirming their endothelial origin.The angiogenesis results showed that difference of length of micro capillaries,density of branches,and the area occupied between U251-MMP-26 groups and control groups were significant.The percentage of tumor implants that developed invasion (I％) and the angiogenic index AI in U251-MMP-26 group on day 14 were higher than those of U251-pcDNA3.1 group and U251 group (P ＜ 0.05).The trends of I％ and AI in 14 days were significant compared with those in control groups.The expression of mRNA and protein of MMP-26and VEGF in U251-MMP-26 group was significantly higher in U251-MMP-26 group than those in U251-pcDNA3.1 group and U251 group(P ＜0.01).Conclusion The effect of MMP-26 on promoting glioma angiogenesis may be related to the increased expression of VEGF,which can be used as targets for anti-tumor therapy.

Objective:To investigate the current status of social support and mental health among residents in Weifang and analyze the impact of social support on mental health,thus to provide reference for improving the mental health status of residents.Methods:A sample of 6174 residents in Weifang was investigated using Social Support Rate Scale (SSRS) and Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (K10).The data was analyzed statistically with Chi-square test,Kruskal-Wallis test and Multiple Logistic regression analysis.Results:About 0.3％ residents in Weifang reported low social support and 93 ％ residents showed good mental health.Gender,age,social support level and 3 dimensions of social support were associated with mental health respectively in the correlation analysis.In the multiple analyses,social support,subjective support,availability of support and mental health were positively correlated in the model of Good mental health and General mental health.Conclusion:The mental health status of residents in Weifang is not optimistic.The social support level has beneficial effect on mental health starus.Subjective support,objective support and the utilization of these supports imposes different degrees of inflnence on mental health status.

Objective:To understand cognition and satisfaction degree of mental health service among residents in Weifang,and provide reference for further development of mental health work.Methods:6174 residents were selected with random sampling method and a cognition survey was conducted using a self-designed questionnaire.Among them,553 residents were selected to investigate their satisfaction with mental health service.Results:The residents have unscientific cognition on mental health service,and they did not understand the delivery of community mental health services.Residents who have received mental health service were more satisfied with informed consent and patient privacy protection,and had low satisfaction with the clinic environment and the charge of inspection items.Conclusions:To improve residents' cognition and satisfaction of mental health service,we should further perfect the professional mental health institutions and personnel recruiting,and forcefully carry out mental health education.

The HPLC fingerprint differences ofRadix Platycodonis from different origins were studied to provide references for their quality control and production. The total platycodins were purified by DB101 macroporous resin. HPLC-ELSD fingerprints of the total platycodins for 39 batches ofRadix Platycodonis samples from 9 provinces were performed on an Agilent HC-C8 column (4.6 mm x 250 mm, 5μm) with gradient elution. The mobile phase was acetonitrile-0.5% acetic acid. The injection volume was 6μL. The flow rate was 0.5 mL·min-1. The temperature of drift tube was set at 90℃. And the gas flow (N2) was set at 1.2 mL·min-1. The results showed that there were large differences in the quality ofRadix Platycodonis from different origins with the common fingerprints of 6 batches of samples fromChifeng in Inner Mongolia as references. The quality ofRadix Platycodonis was closely related to the seeds, the ecological environment, the way of drying and storing and so on. It was concluded that it was important to strengthen the provenance base construction, standardization of the seeds, reasonable formulation of the regionalization, and standardization of the production processing for the cultivation and production ofRadix Platycodonis.

[ ABSTRACT] AIM:To determine the role of transcription factor Bach1 in the functions of human microvascular en-dothelial cells ( HMVECs ) .METHODS: Bach1 siRNA was transfected into HMVECs to knock down the expression of Bach1.In vitro endothelial cell tube formation assay in Matrigel culture was used as a surrogate assay for angiogenic poten-tial.Migration of HMVECs was determined by using Transwell chambers.Cell proliferation was measured by CCK-8 assay. Real-time PCR, Western blotting, and ELISA were employed to determine mRNA expression and protein level.Reporter as-say was performed to determine vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF) transcriptional activity.RESULTS:Knockdown of Bach1 expression in HMVECs led to an increase in the tube formation and increased endothelial cell migration ability, whereas it has little effect on cell proliferation.Bach1 silencing increased the mRNA and protein expression of heme oxygen-ase-1 (HO-1), and enhanced VEGF transcriptional activation, and mRNA and protein expression.CONCLUSION:Bach1 silencing increases HO-1 and VEGF expression, thus promoting the cell migration and tube formation of HMVECs, indicating that Bach1 is a repressor for angiogenesis.

OBJECTIVETo study the protective effects of astragaloside (AST) on memory impairment and the expression levels of amyloid precursor protein (APP) and its mRNA, alpha secretase and beta secretase mRNA in the brain of mice induced by dexamethasone (DEX).

METHODMice were randomly divided into six groups: control group, model group, AST ( 10, 20, 40 mg x kg(-1)) groups and ginsenoside Rg1 (6.5 mg x kg(-1)) group. The animal models of dysmnesy mice were established by intragastrical administration of DEX (5 mg x kg(-1)) for 21 days. Subsequently, the dysmnesy mice were treated by intragastrical administration of ginsenoside Rg1 and different doses of AST (10, 20, 40 mg x kg(-1)), respectively. Morris water maze was applied to evaluate the learning and memory function in mice. The expression of APP, alpha secretase and beta secretase mRNA were analysed by RT-PCR, and immunohistochemistry was used to evaluate the expression levels of APP in cerebral cortex, hippocampus CA1 and CA3.

RESULTAST (20, 40 mg x kg(-1)) could improve the learning and memory function in mice (P<0.05, P<0.01), decrease the expression levels of APP and beta secretase mRNA (P<0.05), increase the expression level of alpha secretase mRNA (P<0.05), and decrease the expression level of APP in cerebral cortex and hippocampus CA1 (P<0.05).

CONCLUSIONAST could improve the learning and memory function in mice, which mechanism may contribtuted to the expression inhibition of APP and APP mRNA, beta secretase mRNA, and promotion of the expression of alpha secretase mRNA.

Amyloid Precursor Protein Secretases ; genetics ; Amyloid beta-Protein Precursor ; genetics ; Animals ; Dexamethasone ; pharmacology ; Male ; Memory Disorders ; drug therapy ; prevention & control ; Mice ; RNA, Messenger ; analysis ; Saponins ; pharmacology ; Triterpenes ; pharmacology