Objective To understand the molecular genetic basis of Ael subgroup of ABO blood group system in the Han nationality.Method 2 Ael individuals were defined by standard blood group serological techniques,and genomic DNA was prepared for PCR SSP genotyping.Primers were designed and synthesized to amplify complete exon 6 and 7 including flanking intron sequence,and direct sequencing of gel purified PCR amplified fragments was performed using Bigdye Sequencing kit.Result A possibility of regarding the Ael allele as A2,B,O1 and O2 genes had been eliminated by the PCR SSP assay.According to the sequence analysis,Ael gene had 2 mutations of which one was a nucleotide substitution at position 532 in intron 5 (C to T),and the other was a single nucleotide(G) insertion at position 798 to 804 in exon 7 which alter the 86 amino acids sequence of the glycosyltransferase and furthermore extend the translated proteins by 37 amino acids compared with A1 allele.Conclusion The mutations of (789 804)G insertion and C(I 5/532)T substitution is the molecular genetic basis for Ael phenotype.

0.05).Conclusion FCM assay can be used as a rapid and sensitive method for detecting platelet-associated antibody and platelet crossmatching.

Objective To investigate the molecular basis for Jk(a b ) phenotype.Methods Routine serologic testing for phenotype.Genomic DNA covering 4～11 exons and partial introns of JK gene was amplified by ploymerase chain reaction.The PCR products were excised and purified from agarose gels with a kit,then fragments were directly sequenced.Results G mutated to A in the 3'acceptor splice site of intron 5;A to G at 78 site from the 3'end of intron 3;C to T at 84 site from the 5'end of intron 8; A to G at 588 site of exons ( exon 7); G to A at 838 site of exons (exon 9).The splice site mutation (G→A) of intron 5 may cause the skipping of exon 6.Conclusion G to A mutation in the 3'acceptor splice site of intron 5 maybe one of the molecular basis for Jk(a-b-) phenotype

Objective To identify the p phenotype. Method P blood group system was identified using p phenotype cells,anti PP 1 P k antiserum,and direct DNA sequencing.Result and Conclusion Proband was typed as p, with rare anti PP 1 P k in the serum,family study suggested that inheritance was autosomal recessive.

0.05). The absolute counts of RhD(+) cell of 2 patients at 3 different times were 0.124?10 12 /L, 0.245 ?10 12 /L and 0.517?10 12 /L respectively.Conclusion FCM can be used to detect RhD antigen and perform RhD(+) cell counts in patients with RhD(-) who received incompatible blood.

Objective To identify para-Bombay phenotype AB h m. Method ABO and H phenotype were typed. Absorption and elution were performed. Saliva was tested by inhibitory reaction. Direct sequencing was performed and family study was done. Results Proband was typed as rare para-Bombay phenotype AB h mand anti-H was detected in his serum. Family study suggested that the inheritance was autosomal recessive. Conclusion Rare AB h m phenotype was identified and anti-H has been detected in his serum.

0.05) compared with the results of PCR ASP genotyping.The consistency between FCM and PCR ASP genotyping was 88% for positive results,100% for negative results,with a total of 95.9%.Conclusion Flow cytometric HLA B 27 typing is rapid and sensitive and can be used together with PCR technique for diagnosis of some diseases such as ankylosing spondylitis.

Objective To compare with the characteristics of different demographic and blood donation behaviors of the first blood donors and the repeated blood donors,to analyze the related factors influencing the repeated blood donation behavior,to provide the evidence to develop the recall strategy for the retention of the first-time donors strategies.Methods Use methods such as the composition ratio of descriptive analysis,and logistic regression analysis,Retrospectively analyzed the data of 3 226 571 cases of the whole blood donors in Zhejiang province from 2006 to 2015.from BIS2.0 Results ZheJiang repeated blood donors in 2006-2015 is accounted for 30.8％,men (57.8％),the proportion of aged 25 above is higher than the first blood donors;71.7％ of men in the repeated blood donors are 60-79 kg,52.2％ of women repeated blood donors are 50 to 59 kg;40％ of the repeat donors blood for the first time donate 400 mL;71.6％ of the repeated blood donors to donate again in 0.5-2 years,and of these,40.8％ back in 0.5-1 year.Conclusion The main factors on the demographic aspects that influence the repeated blood donation is occupation,cultural degree,the quantity of blood donation for the first time.The characteristics of the precise recall people are as follows:Age 26 to 45 years old,stable career,donate 400 mL for the first-time,weight 70-89 kg of male,weight 55 kg above of women.The better recall intervention Interval is preferred to 0.5-2 years,and 0.5-1 year is the best.

Objective Mizoribine ( MZR) is a new immunosuppressant , however , little domestic research has been done on MZR for treatment of nephrotic syndrome in children .This study was to investigate curative effect and adverse reaction of MZR in the treatment of children with frequently relapsing nephrotic syndrome , using prospective controlled trials . Methods A total of 59 pa-tients with frequency relapsing nephrotic syndrome were randomly divided into two groups .29 patients of treatment group were treated with MZR +glucocorticoid , while 30 patients of control group were given Tripterygium wilfordii ( TW)+glucocorticoid treatment , and the course of treatment lasted for 12 months.24-hour urine protein, urinary N-acetyl β-glucosidase (NAG), serum albumin, serum cholesterol, serum creatinine, recurrence frequency, and average prednisone dosage were observed . Results At the end of treat-ment, Serum albumin in treatment group was higher than that in control group [(40.95 ±6.12)g/L vs (30.25 ±9.02)g/L], and Se-rum cholesterol ([5.45 ±0.82]mmol/L vs [7.53 ±2.74]mmol/L), urinary protein ([0.89 ±0.52]g/24 h vs [1.63 ±2.02]g/24 h), urinary NAG enzyme ([21.43 ±14.16]U/g· Cr vs [41.67 ±12.35]U/g· Cr) levels were lower compared with control group . There was significant difference between the two groups .In terms of mean recurrence times , no significant difference was found at 6th months of follow-up between the two groups, however, treatment group had lower recurrence rate than control group at 3rd month, 9th month, 12th month of follow-up, which was of significant difference .The average amounts of hormone of treatment group were lower than those of control group ([0.56 ±0.16] mg/kg· d vs [0.72 ± 0.34]mg/kg· d)、([0.64 ±0.35]mg/kg· d vs [0.67 ±0.52]mg/kg· d)、([0.53 ±0.41] mg/kg· d vs [0.83 ±0.37] mg/kg· d)、([0.34 ±0.15] mg/kg· d vs [0.54 ±0.26] mg/kg· d) at 3rd month, 6th month, 9th month, 12th month of follow-up, which was of significant difference . Conclusion Compared to Tripterygium wil-fordii combined with hormone therapy , MZR combined with prednisone therapy in children with recurrent NS frequency can reduce the relapse rate and dosage of corticosteroid to improve the clinical remission rate .

OBJECTIVE: To summarize advances in clinical application of ureter stent and its biocompatibility. METHODS: A computer-based online search of CNKI (1989/2009) and Medline (1989/2009) was performed with the key words of "ureter, biocompatibility, stent, treatment, complications" in Chinese and English respectively. A total of 51 articles were collected. and 21 were included. The treatment advances and its biocompatibility of ureter stent were summarized, and clinical application advances, biocompatibility and complication prevention of ureter stent were explored. RESULTS: Ureter stent includes polymerizer, metal and degradable material stents. As the common implants in treatment of upper urinary tract diseases, ureter stent functions as stent and internal drainage, and relieve ureteral obstruction, prevent leakage of urine postoperatively and ureterostenosis. Complications following ureter stent implantation include stent shifting, urine reflux, irdtative symptoms of bladder, fouling and stone formation as well as infection. However, these complications can be relieved through positive treatment. CONCLUSION: Ureter stent is an effective approach to treat urologic disease, but the biocompatibility required improvement. Rigorous operation during stent implantation and positive treatment of complication can effectively prevent complications.