Objective To summarize the experience of microendoscopic discectomy (MED). Methods A retrospective analysis was made on causes and the management of complications following 115 cases of MED in this hospital from April 2001 to April 2003. Results A conversion to open surgery was required in 13 cases. There were 2 cases of endoscope displacement and 7 cases of dural abruption intraoperatively. Postoperative hematoma pressing on neighbouring nerves was seen in 2 cases but no nerve root injuries were found. All the patients were followed for 3～12 months (mean, 7 5 months). According to the Nakai scale, 70 cases were classified as “excellent”, 36 cases “good”, 7 cases “fair”, and 2 cases “poor”, the “good” or “excellent” rate being 92.2% ( 106/115 ). Conclusions Proper selection of patients, intraoperative localization by “C”-arm X-ray examination, removal of the ligamenta flava and the lamina, detachment of adhesions surrounding the nerve root to obtain a complete exposure, and thorough hemostasia are crucial to minimize the incidence of complications.

Objective To investigate the drug resistance of Acinetobacter baumannii strains isolated during 2014 in a hospital of Beijing.Methods Isolated bacteria were cultured by routine method,identified and performed drug susceptibility test by bacteria a-nalysis system.Statistical analysis of Acinetobacter baumannii was conducted by Whonet5.6 software.Results A total of 226 Acin-etobacter baumannii strains were isolated from January 2014 to December 2014 in Fengtai Teaching Hospital of Capital Medical U-niversity.These strains showed the lowest resistance rates to minocycline and Cefoperazone-sulbactam(23.0% and 30.1%).The other antimicrobial resistance rates were more than 50.0%.The resistance rate of Acinetobacter baumannii varied from one depart-ment to another.Pandrug-resistant and multi-drug resistant Acinetobacter baumannii were 71.2%,1 9.0% respectively. Conclusion The resistant rates of Acinetobacter baumannii strains to a variety of antibiotics are high.It is essential to strengthen monitoring the drug resistance of Acinetobacter baumannii,as well as use antibiotics reasonable and separate patients to control Acinetobacter baumannii infection.

Objective To evaluate the accuracy of CHROMagar Candida medium in identifying common Candida species .Meth‐ods Articles were extensively collected by searching the databases of MEDLINE and EMBase ,the Chinese Biomedical Database (CBM ) ,the Chinese Scientific Journals Database (CSJD) ,the Chinese Journal Full Text Database (CJFD) and through other ways . The qualities of these articles were assessed by using the quality assessment of diagnostic accuracy studies(QUADAS) .At last , summary receiver operating characteristic (SROC) curve was performed by the Meta‐Disc software ,so as to summarize diagnostic accuracy of CHROMagar Candida medium in identifying common Candida species .Results A total of 7 articles meeting all criteria were enrolled in this study .All 7 articles reported the accuracy of CHROMagar Candida medium in identifying the Candida albi‐cans ,the pooled sensitivity and specificity was 98 .3% and 98 .8% respectively ,and area under SROC curve (AUC) was 0 .998 0 .A‐mong them ,6 articles reported the accuracy of CHROMagar Candida medium in identifying Candida tropicalis ,the pooled sensitivity and specificity was 92 .5% and 99 .8% respectively ,and the AUC was 0 .998 3 .Among them ,5 articles reported the accuracy of CHROMagar Candida medium in identifying Candida Glabrata ,the pooled sensitivity and specificity was 98 .3% and 98 .7% respec‐tively ,and the AUC was 0 .996 8 .Conclusion CHROMagar Candida medium could quickly identify clinical common Candida species and results are reliable .

The incidence of spinal cord injury is becoming higher and higher, of which more than half are cervical spinal injury. The main cause of death in high cervical spinal injury is respiratory function failure. The patients who survived must rely on ventilators to sustain life. In view of the shortcomings of ventilators, many researchers tried to use diaphragm pacing technology instead of ventilator to reconstruct the function of respiratory. This article introduced the application of diaphragm pacing technology in patients with cervical spinal injury.

Objective To investigate the ecological niches of sucking lice (Phthiraptera: Anoplura) on the body surface of small mammal hosts and the co-evolutionary relationship between lice and mammal hosts in Yunnan Province. Method Thirty species of small mammals were captured and used as 30 resource sequences. The distribution and composition of the dominant 22 species of sucking lice on the body surface of the 30 species small mammal hosts were analyzed as the utilization proportion for each resource sequence. The niche breadth and proportional similarity were measured. SPSS 13.0 statistical software was used for analyzing the niche overlap matrix of sucking lice by hierarchical clustering analysis, and a dendrogram was made. Results The niche breadth was narrow for most species of sucking louse. Among the detected species, Hoplopleura pacifica showed the widest niche breadth, but only 0.1536. Indices of niche proportional similarity of most sucking lice were relatively small from 0.0005 to 0.4695. The 22 species of sucking lice were classified into 16 niche overlap groups, by ?=5.5, through a hierarchical clustering analysis for the niche overlaps, and the clustering process of most sucking lice was late. Conclusion The sucking lice have a high specificity for hosts, of which different species show an apparent niche divergence on host selection. The results reveal a high coevolution between sucking lice and the mammal hosts.

Objective To explore the effect of body-weight support treadmill training (BWSTT)on ambulatory capacity in individuals following incomplete spinal cord injury (ISCI).Methods 36 cases of incomplete SCI patients were divided randomly into control and BWSTT groups who were classified as ASIA C or D.All received comprehensive rehabilitation, and patients in BWSTT group also received BWSTT for 3 months when the physical condition was permitted.They were assessed before and after treatment.The evaluation items included measurement of ASIA lower-extremity motor assessment, functional independence measure (FIM) ambulatory function measure, 10meter ambulatory velocity and modified Barthel Index.Results The scores of ASIA lower-extremity motor assessment, FIM ambulatory function, the ambulatory 10-meter velocity in BWSTT group improved significantly when compared with the control group (P<0.05).The scores of modified Barthel Index were no difference between two groups before and after treatment (P<0.05).Conclusion BWSTT could improve ambulatory capacity for incomplete SCI patients

Objective To investigate the appropriate surgical approach in the management of cervical cord injury following ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament. Methods The clinical data of 25 patients with cervical cord injury following ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament who received surgical treatment were retrospectively analyzed. According to Frankel grades, two patients were at grade A, three at grade B, 14 at grade C and six at grade D. The surgical procedures consisted of anterior decompression (12 patients), posterior decompression (8 patients) and combined posteroanterior decompression (5 patients). Results No iatrogenic injury of great vessels, trachea, esophagus or spinal cord occurred. All the patients were followed up for 15-86 months (mean 38.3 months). All segments with anterior fixation attained solid fusion, without implants loosening or breakage. No reelosed open-door was found in patients who received posterior laminoplasty. The spinal function got improved in 21 patients, and a relief of pain or numb of the upper limb was attained in four patients whose spinal cord injury was not cured. Conclusions The surgical outcome of cervical cord injury following ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament is satisfactory. It is important to select a suitable surgical approach according to the imaging manifestations associated with the general conditions of the patients.

Objective To evaluate the effectiveness of rehabilitative treatment for severe cervical spondylotic myeiopathy after combined posterior-anterior surgery. Methods Fifty-four patients (mean age, 59.5) who had undergone combined posterlor-anterior surgery of the cervical spine due to severe cervical spondylotic myelopathy were studied with an average follow-up of 38.7 months. All the patients were allocated into either a rehabilitation treatment group (28 patients) or a control group (26 patients). Neurological function in the two groups was assessed using the Japanese Orthopedic Association (JOA) grading system. In addition, the status of axial symptoms, wound healing and post-operative complications were also evaluated. Results The bone grafts completely fused in both groups. All of the wounds in the rehabilitation treatment group healed without any infection. Three wounds were infected in the control group, but were cured by prompt treatment. Two patients in the rehabilitation group and 9 in the control group suffered laryngeal edema. There was no significant difference between the two groups before the operation with regard to their JOA scores, which significantly increased postoperation in both groups. In the rehabilitation treatment group, the postoperation JOA scores were significantly higher than in the control group. At the same time, there were significantly fewer patients with neck axial symptoms in the rehabilitation treatment group than that in the control group (25.0% versus 69.2% , P < 0.01 ). Conclusions Systematic rehabilitation treatment pro-and post-operation of patients with severe cervical spondylotie myelopathy can accelerate neurological recovery and help prevent postoperative complications and neck axial symptoms.