Objective To investigate bacterial distribution and antibiotic resistance pattern in NICU of Central Hospital of Anshan,Liaoning province of China.Methods We conducted a retrospective analysis of all the cases admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit(NICU) between November 2011 and November 2013.Culture and sensitivity data of organisms isolated were documented as well.Antimicrobial susceptibility of the isolated pathogens was determined with the use of the Kirby-Bauer disk-diffusion test.Results A total of 73 bacterial strains were isolated from 310 specimens with a 23.5％ positive rate.In total,37 Gram-negative strains were detected and Escherichia coli was the predominant infective organism,far more common than Klebsiella pneumoniae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa.Gram-positive organisms were isolated in 32 cases and the most common pathogen was Staphylococcus aureus,followed by Staphylococcus epidermidis.Fungal isolates were recovered in 4 cases and Candida albicans was the most frequently isolated fungal organism.Carbapenem-resistant was not encountered and Vancomycin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus was not detected.Staphylococcus epidermidis isolates were significantly more resistant than Staphylococcus aureus.Conclusion Escherichia colis,Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis were the major pathogens in NICU of our hospital,showing a steep increase in antibiotic resistance.Regular monitoring and rational evaluation of drug resistance may help reduce the spread of antibiotic resistance,and provide the basis for empirical antimicrobial use.

Objective To evaluate different operative modalities for sphincter-preserving procedures in patients of lower rectal cancer. Methods A total of 137 patients with lower rectal cancer underwent sphincter-perserving surgery between January 2003 and January 2008. In the operation, the proximal colon with satisfactory blood supply was pulled down to reestablish intestinal continuity without any tension. Results Among the 137 patients, 102 patients underwent low anterior resection by double stapling technique, 16 patients were dealed with the Parks operation, 19 patients were dealed with the modified Bacon operation. In the double-stapling technique group, the distance between the anal verge and inferior margin of the tumor was 6-8 cm in 91 patients and 5-6 cm in 11 patients whose tumors were located at posterior rectal wall. In the other two groups, the distance between the anal verge and inferior margin of the tumor was 5-6 cm. In the Parks operation, the sigmoid colon was anastomosed with the anus in all of 19 patients. In the modified Bacon operation group, the descending colon was pulled through anus in all of 16 patients. Conclusions The low anterior resection with double stapling technique can be applied to a patient if the distance from the inferior margin of the tumor to the anal verge is 6 cm to 8 cm. The Parks operation or the modified Bacon operation can be applied to a patient if the the distance from the inferior margin of the tumor to the anal verge is 5 to 6 cm, The Parks operation can be performed with the sigmoid colon being anastomosed with the anus if the length of the sigmoid colon is long enough to reach the anus, the modified Bacon operation can be performed with the descending colon being pulled through the anus by mobilization of splenic flexure or left colon if the length of the sigmoid is not long enough to reach the anus.

Acanthoma ; pathology ; Humans ; Keratosis ; pathology ; Skin Neoplasms ; pathology

Objective To investigate the efficacy and safety of cladribine in the treatment of patients with refractory/relapsed acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Methods The data of 8 patients with refractory/relapsed AML treated with regimens containing cladribine at a dose of 5 mg/m2 per day for 5 consecutive days were retrospectively analyzed. The efficacy and adverse reactions were observed during treatment. Results Among the 8 patients, 5 patients achieved complete remission (CR), 1 patient achieved partial response (PR), and 2 patients obtained non remission (NR). The adverse reactions could be tolerated. Conclusion Regimen containing cladribine is an effective treatment procedure for the patients with refractory/relapsed AML, and its adverse reactions can be tolerated, which requires further clinical study.

Objective To prepare an in situ gel system for nasal delivery of menthol and to evaluate the safety of this formulation.Methods Menthol in situ gel was prepared with deacetylatedgellan gum.The nasal mucocilia toxicities of this formulation was evaluated using in situ toad palate model.Guinea pig skin sensitization test and the rabbit skin irritation test were conducted.Skin allergy and irritation reaction were monitored and scored.Results No significant effect on nasal mucosa ciliary movement and the morphology of rat nasal mucosa were observed.The formulation did not induce any dermal irritation in rabbits.Skin allergic reaction was not found in guinea pigs.Conclusion The preparation of menthol in situ nasal gel with low ciliary toxicity was easily achieved.This gel has good physiological flexibility.The further investigation was warranted for this formulation as an intranasal drug delivery system.

Objective To explore the characteristics of morphology and immunology in acceleration phase and blastic phase of chronic myelogenous leukemia(CML).Methods Seventy-three cases of CML-BP bone marrow specimens were respectively conducted the morphology and related cell chemical dyeing observation for determining the FAB type.Flow cytometry was used to detect series immunological related antigens.Results Among 73 cases of FAB typing,there were 44 cases of CML-AML,21 cases of ALL and 8 cases.21 cases CML-ALL patients In the immunophenotyping by flow cytometry,among 21 cases of CML-ALL,there were 19 cases of B-ALL,2 cases of T-ALL,moreover 12 cases contained myeloid marker.Among 8 cases CML-HAL,the immunophenotypes were 6 cases of B+-My and 2 cases of T+ My.Among 44 cases CML-AML,15 cases contained T cell marker,and 2cases contained B cell marker,other cases had no cross-lineage expression.Among 73 cases of CML-BP,29 cases conducted the flow cytometry detection in the acceleration phase,in which 16 cases urgently changed to AML,and 13 cases to non-AML(9 cases of ALL and 4 cases of HAL).Among non-AML cases,2 cases had the simultaneous existence of myeloid primitive cells and precursor lymphocyte in the acceleration phase and other 9 cases were myeloid primitive cell or accompanied by lymphocyte marker.Conclusion Flow cytometry has a certain implication role for the direction and differentiation diagnosis of CML-BP.

Objective: To understand the status of teaching environmental health in primary and secondary schools and explore its association with myopia, so as to provide a basis for precision myopia prevention and control. Methods: From September to October 2020, a stratified cluster sampling method was used in 16 districts of Shanghai. After matching the teaching environment testing classrooms with the classrooms where the students were surveyed, totally 470 classrooms and 14 624 students were monitored. Trained professional technicians used laser range finder, luxmeter to measure parameters about teaching environmental health. Students were subject vision testing and questionnaires. Multilevel models was used to analyze the association between teaching environment and screening myopia. Results: The qualified rates of each indicators of teaching environmental health were as follows: window to floor area ratio (93.0%), classroom area per capita (82.1%), uniformity ratio of illuminance of blackboard ( 79.7% ), blackboard size (68.7%), daylight factor (67.0%), blackboard hanging height (66.9%), average illuminance on desk (66.4%), uniformity ratio of illuminance of desk (63.6%), reflectance of blackboard (46.8%), average illuminance on blackboard (41.4%), reflectance of wall (33.2%), desk and chair allocation compliance rate (19.8%). The results of two level Logistic model analysis showed that unqualified average illuminance on blackboard was positively associated with screening myopia ( OR =1.24, 95% CI = 1.05 -1.47, P <0.05). Conclusion Teaching environmental health of primary and secondary schools in Shanghai is not optimistic, teaching environment especially the desk and chair allocation compliance rate need to be improved. The average illumination on blackboard is positively correlated with screening myopia, suggesting that myopia prevention and control can focus on improving the illuminance on blackboard.

Objective To research the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) effects of cuprous oxide nanoparticles (CONPs) on melanoma.Methods Cuprous oxide nanoparticles were prepared hydrothermally.The B16 cells were cultured with cuprous oxide nanoparticlesat different concentrations (5,25,50 μg/ml).The changes of the morphology of the B16 cell were observed under the inverted microscope.The effects of CONPs on B16 cell migration ability were detected through the Wound healing assay and the Transwell assay.Then cell immunofluorescence and western blotting were used to test the EMT related molecular markers, including E-cadherin, N-cadherin, Cytokeratin, and Vimentin.Results The synthesized cuprous oxide nanoparticles distribute uniformly with a diameter of 40 nm.Our study indicated that CONPs inhibited the EMT of B16 cell.A conversion process was discovered in this study.In B16 cells, CONPs inhibited B16 cell migration, promoted the expression of E-cadherin, Cytokeratin and Desmoplakin, while the expression of N-cadherin and Vimentin was repressed in protein level.Conclusion Cuprous oxide nanoparticles can significantly restrain the invasion and metastasis of melanoma cells and inhabit the EMT of B16 cells.

Objective: To analyze myopia related factors among students in Shanghai, to explore associated risky behaviors associated with mild, moderate, high myopia,so as to provide the evidence for the implementation of home and school combination intervention measures. Methods: Six primary and secondary schools (2 primary schools, 2 middle schools and 2 high schools) were selected from each district of Shanghai. The primary schools began to investigate from the fourth grade. All the students in the selected classes participated in the vision test and questionnaire survey. Chi square test was used for categorical data analysis. The relationship between myopia and related behaviors was analyzed by multivariate Logistic analysis. Results: The prevalence of visual-related risky behaviors such as short outdoor time during the day, lack of sleep, long after-school reading and writing time, poor reading and writing posture, and longtime-using mobile electronic screen was higher in girls than in boys (P<0.05), boys were more likely than girls to use computer for long time and read books/electronic screen in sunlight (P<0.05). The group with 3 hours or more than of reading and writing compared with the less than 2 hours, the OR value of mild myopia model was 1.31(1.20-1.44), moderate myopia model was 1.78(1.62-1.96), severe myopia model was 2.37(2.07-2.71). In the model of moderate and high myopia, reading and writing posture, frequency of eye relax, outdoor activity time and watching TV time were also included. Conclusion The prevalence of myopia related behaviors among primary and secondary school students is high, and there are significant gender differences among different behaviors. Students reading and writing time should be strictly controlled after school. Intervention strategies and measures should be carried out according to the characteristics of different ages and genders.

Objective: To analyze the distribution of uncorrected visual acuity in children and adolescents aged 3-18 years with relative safe refractive range, and to develop the growth curve and reference range of uncorrected visual acuity in children and adolescents of different ages, so as to provide reference for formulating the referral threshold for myopia screening practice. Methods: Using cluster sampling method, 9 146 children and adolescents aged 3-18 years old in Shanghai were selected for uncorrected visual acuity, cycloplegic refraction, slit lamp and other ophthalmic examinations, and the percentiles and growth curve of uncorrected visual acuity of children and adolescents in the relative safe refractive range were fitted by LMS method. Besides, the area under the ROC curve and the sensitivity and specificity of different cut-off values were analyzed. Results: The uncorrected visual acuity was skewed, with a median of 4.8. There were 4 675 individuals with safe refraction, the median of uncorrected visual acuity in which was 4.9. The LMS curve showed that the uncorrected visual acuity increased with age in the lower age group, and gradually stabilized to the best level at the age of 6-10. P 50 was 4.8 in 3-4 years old, 4.9 in 5-8 years old, 5.0 in 9 years old and above. The area under ROC curve of uncorrected visual acuity predicting refractive abnormality increased with age, with the lowest value of 0.55(95%CI=0.50-0.61) at 3 years old and the highest value of 0.95 (95%CI=0.94-0.96) at 12-18 years old. The Youden index was the highest for P25 at 3-6 years old, and the highest for P 10 at 7 years old and above. With the increase of the cut off value, the sensitivity increased and the specificity decreased. Conclusion The uncorrected visual acuity increases gradually with age, and reaches the best level after 6-10 years old. The screening effect of uncorrected visual acuity predicting refractive abnormality increased with age. It is suggested that the referral threshold of children and adolescents with abnormal uncorrected visual acuity should be set according to their ages, and P 25-P 75 can be selected according to the screening purposes.