Abstract The prevention and control of myopia in Chinese children and adolescents has become a major public health issue. While maintaining increased outdoor activity as a cornerstone intervention, there is an urgent need to explore new complementary approaches that can be effectively implemented in both indoor and outdoor settings. In recent years, environmental spatial frequency has gained increasing attention as one of the key environmental factors influencing the development and progression of myopia. Both animal studies and human research have confirmed that indoor environments lacking mid to high spatial frequency components, often characterized as "visually impoverished", can promote axial elongation and myopia through mechanisms such as disruption of retinal neural signaling, impaired accommodative function, and altered expression of related molecules. Based on the scientific consensus, it is recommended that "enriching of environmental spatial frequency" should be integrated into the myopia prevention and control framework. Following the principles of schoolled organization, family cooperation, community involvement, and student participation, specific measures are put forward in three areas：optimizing school visual settings, improving home spatial environments, and promoting healthy visual behavior. The aim is to create "visually friendly" indoor environments as an important supplement to outdoor activity, thereby providing a novel perspective and strategy for comprehensively advancing myopia prevention and control among children and adolescents.

OBJECTIVE To optimize the management model of drugs used in investigator-initiated trial （IIT）. METHODS With benchmarking analysis， based on the practical work experience of a tertiary specialized hospital in the field of IIT drug management in Shanghai， a thorough review was conducted， involving relevant laws， regulations， and academic literature to establish benchmark criteria and the evaluation standards. Starting from the initiation of IIT projects， a detailed comparative analysis of key processes was carried out， such as the receipt， storage， distribution， use and recycling of drugs for trial. The deficiencies in the current management of IIT drugs were reviewed in detail and a series of optimization suggestions were put forward. RESULTS It was found that the authorized records of drug management were missing， the training before project implementation was insufficient， and the records of receipt and acceptance of IIT drugs were incomplete. In light of these existing problems， improvement measures were put forward， including strengthening the training of drug administrators and stipulating that only drug administrators with pharmacist qualifications be eligible to inspect and accept drugs， etc. The related systems were improved， and 17 key points of quality control for the management of IIT drugs were developed. CONCLUSIONS A preliminary IIT drug management system for medical institutions has been established， which helps to improve the institutional X2023076） framework of medical institutions in this field.

AIM: To compare the agreement between the ARK Biometer Combo and OA 2000 in patients wearing orthokeratology lenses.METHODS: A prospective study. A total of 148 patients(148 eyes)who were wearing orthokeratology lenses and returned for follow-up at the Shanghai Eye Disease Prevention and Treatment Center from August to September 2024 were included. Biometric measurements were performed using both the ARK Biometer Combo and OA 2000. Parameters including axial length(AL), corneal central thickness(CCT), anterior chamber depth(ACD), lens thickness(LT), corneal curvature(Kf and Ks), astigmatism(AST), white-to-white corneal diameter(WTW)and pupil diameter(PD)were obtained. Differences in measurement parameters between the two biometers were compared, and agreement was assessed.RESULTS: There were no statistically significant differences in the measurements of Kf, Ks and AST between the two biometers(P>0.05). Statistically significant differences were found in the measurements of AL, CCT, ACD, LT, WTW and PD(t=2.559, P=0.012; t=16.771, P<0.0001; t=4.749, P<0.0001; t=-15.212, P<0.0001; t=-14.915, P<0.0001; t=-2.402, P=0.018). ICC ranged from 0.615 to 0.999. Bland-Altman analysis showed that the maximum absolute values of the 95% limits of agreement(LoA)of AL, CCT, ACD, LT, Kf, Ks, AST, WTW and PD were 0.07 mm, 35.07 μm, 0.07 mm, 0.12 mm, 0.66 D, 1.14 D, 1.00 D, 0.76 mm, and 0.98 mm, respectively.CONCLUSION: In orthokeratology patients, the ARK Biometer Combo and OA 2000 showed good agreement in measuring AL, CCT, ACD, Kf and LT, and can be used interchangeably.

Abstract In recent years, the role of hyperopia reserve in the prevention and control of myopia among children and adolescents has gradually gained recognition and importance. Implementing more refined preventive measures based on hyperopia reserve to further advance the prevention frontiers is crucial for reversing the trend of focusing on treatment over prevention and achieving the national health strategy goal to reduce the myopia rate among children and adolescents. The paper introduces the concept of hyperopia reserve, the ability and the detection methods to predict the onset of myopia. At the same time, it also discusses the establishment and application of reference values for hyperopia reserve and proposes a classification based prevention and management strategy based on hyperopia reserve, aiming to provide reference ideas and directions for advancing myopia prevention.

Objective:To investigate the impact of body mass index (BMI) on the postoperative complications of open pancreaticoduodenectomy (OPD).Methods:The preoperative, operative and postoperative data of 234 patients who underwent OPD in the Department of the Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery of First Affiliated Hospital affiliated to Naval Medical University from January 2015 to June 2016 were analyzed retrospectively. According to the Asian BMI standard, the patients were divided into three groups: underweight group (BMI<18.5 kg/m 2, n=32), normal weight group (18.5 kg/m 2≤BMI<23.0 kg/m 2, n=110) and overweight group (BMI≥23.0 kg/m 2, n=92). Normal weight group was compared with underweight group and overweight group, respectively, to analyze the relationship between BMI and intraoperative parameters and major postoperative complications of OPD. Results:The incidence of diabetes in underweight group was lower than that in normal weight group, and the proportion of ASA score 3 in underweight group was higher than that in normal weight group, and there were significantly statistical differences (both P value <0.05). There was no significant difference on the other variables between underweight group, normal weight group and overweight group. The operation time, intraoperative hemorrhage volume >800 ml and intraoperative blood transfusion rate were not statistically different between underweight group and normal weight group, but overweight group had obviously higher intraoperative blood transfusion rate than normal weight group and the difference was statistically significant ( P<0.05). Underweight group had more postoperative intraperitoneal hemorrhage and postoperative blood transfusion rate than normal weight group, and the readmission rate in underweight group was less than that in normal weight group; the incidence of clinically related-post operative pancreatic fistula, postoperative infection, gastrointestinal bleeding and delayed gastric emptying in overweight group were significantly higher than those in normal weight group, and there were significantly statistical differences (all P value <0.05). In underweight group, normal weight group and overweight group, the average length of hospital stay were 9.9 days, 11.3 days, 15 days, and the total hospitalization expenses were 63663.04 yuan, 66241.78 yuan and 80484.31 yuan, respectively. Conclusions:Compared to normal weight patients, the difficulty of OPD in underweight patients does not increase, while the difficulty of OPD in overweight patients increases. Underweight and overweight could both increase the postoperative complications of OPD to some extent.

Objective:To study the distribution and changes of dopamine transporter (DAT) in guinea pig eyes under different light patterns.Methods:Thirty-six 3-week-old white ordinary-grade guinea pigs were randomly selected and divided into groups of 10 000 lx, 5 000 lx, and 500 lx, with 12 guinea pigs in each group exposed to strong light, medium strong light, and normal light, respectively.Each group was randomly divided into 3 subgroups, with 4 guinea pigs in each subgroup.The 3 subgroups of 500 lx group received light exposure for 5, 20, and 40 minutes, respectively.The 3 subgroups of 5 000 lx group received light exposure for 2, 4, and 40 minutes, respectively.The 3 subgroups of 10 000 lx group received light exposure for 2, 5, and 20 minutes, respectively.After light treatment, each group of guinea pigs was injected with 99mTc-TRODAT-1 for SPECT DAT imaging, and image data were collected by Micro-SPECT.The region of interest (ROI) of guinea pig retinas was analyzed using Micro-CT software.The counts of ROI were expressed as Sum, which reflected the relative distribution or density of DAT.The DAT density between experimental and control eyes of guinea pigs after light exposure, the differences in DAT density between guinea pig eyes under different light intensities, the differences in DAT density between guinea pig eyes after different light durations, and the cumulative and interactive effects of light intensity and light duration on DAT aggregation in guinea pigs were compared.Another 3 guinea pigs were selected, and after light exposure, the 3 guinea pigs' eyes underwent continuous image acquisition for 6 hours at 20-minute intervals, and 18 images per guinea pig were acquired to analyze the trend of DAT density in guinea pig eyes over time.This study was approved by the Ethics Committee of Shanghai General Hospital (No.2020SQ196). Results:The DAT density (Sum value) of experimental eyes at 500, 5 000, and 10 000 lx were 5 598.97±3 159.38, 8 636.78±2 503.16, and 7 407.39±2 053.41, respectively, significantly higher than 4 388.89±2 902.90, 5 981.92±3 057.44, and 5 091.32±2 039.36 of control eyes ( t=5.31, 4.69, 11.80; all at P<0.001). At 500 lx, there was a statistically significant difference in DAT density between the experimental and control eyes of guinea pigs at different light exposure durations ( F=14.01, P<0.01), while no significant difference was found at other light intensities at different light exposure durations (both at P>0.05). When the light exposure time was 5 minutes, the difference in DAT density between the experimental and control eyes of guinea pigs was significantly greater in the 10 000 lx group than in the 500 lx group ( t=-13.22, P<0.001). There was no statistically significant difference between different groups at other light exposure durations (all at P>0.05). No cumulative or interactive effects of light intensity and light duration were found on the differences in DAT density (all at P>0.05). Continuous scanning after illumination showed that DAT density in guinea pig retinas first increased to a peak over time and then gradually returned to normal values. Conclusions:Light, even under moderate or normal light levels, can cause an increase in the secretion of DAT in the retina and stimulate the production of DAT.Light intensity and duration have no cumulative or interactive effects on the distribution and density of retinal DAT.

Objective:To explore the diagnostic value and problems of artificial intelligence (AI) bone marrow cell recognition technology in the detection of minimal residual disease (MRD) of leukemia.Methods:A total of 65 cases with minimal residual disease of leukemia confirmed by flow cytometry from the Hematology Medical Center of Xinqiao Hospital affiliated to the Army Medical University (AMMU) from November 1 to December 31, 2020 were collected. The bone marrow Wright′s staining smears were obtained, and all bone marrow smears were scanned and classified automatically without artificial intervention by the analysis system based on Artificial Intelligence platform (morphogo). AI-MRD was defined to positive when the proportion of primary cells was more than 3%. According to the number of AI automatic recognition cells, the cases were divided into 18 cases of less than 500 (L500), 35 cases of 500 to 1900 (between 500 and 1900, B1900), and 12 cases of more than 1900 (M1900), no overlap or omission between groups. Kappa consistency test was performed on the results of artificial intelligence test and the results of flow cytometry for minimal residual disease of leukemia (MFC-MRD) in each group. The receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) of the artificial intelligence test results of each group of patients was drawn based on the MFC-MRD results, and the sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of the area under the curve (AUC) value and AI results were calculated.Results:After grouping according to the number of cells automatically recognized by AI, the detection results of L500 group were MFC-MRD+/AI-MRD+7 cases, MFC-MRD+/AI-MFC-2 cases, MFC-MRD-/AI-MRD+6 cases, MFC-MRD-/AI-MRD-3 cases; In B1900 group, MFC-MRD+/AI-MRD+13 cases, MFC-MRD+/AI-MFC-6 cases, MFC-MRD-/AI-MRD+6 cases, MFC-MRD-/AI-MRD-10 cases; The results of M1900 group were MFC-MRD+/AI-MRD+5 cases, MFC-MRD+/AI-MFC-0 cases, MFC-MRD-/AI-MRD+1 case, MFC-MRD-/AI-MRD-6 cases. Taking MFC-MRD as the determination standard, the sensitivity of AI-MRD detection in L500 group, B1900 group and M1900 group was 53.8%, 68.4% and 83.3%, the specificity was 60%, 62.5% and 100%, the accuracy was 55.6%, 65.7% and 91.7%, and the AUC value were 0.568 P=0.654, 0.678 P=0.069,1.000 P=0.000. Conclusions:This study preliminarily explored the diagnostic value and problems of AI bone marrow cell recognition in the detection of minimal residual disease of leukemia. It was confirmed that when 3% of the proportion of blasts in AI cell classification is set>3% as the positive threshold of AI-MRD, the consistency between AI and MFC-MRD detection increases with the increase of the number of cells recognized by AI.

Objective:To investigate the effects of methyltransferase-like protein 14 (METTL14)-mediated long-chain non-coding RNA EIF3J antisense RNA1 (Inc EIF3J-AS1) on the migration and invasion of cholangiocarcinoma cells and its mechanism.Methods:From September 2017 to December 2018, 10 pairs of cholangiocarcinoma and adjacent normal tissues were collected from the First Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, which were surgically resected and pathologically confirmed. The expression of METTL14 mRNA and Inc EIF3J-AS1 in cholangiocarcinoma tissues was detected by fluorescence quantitative PCR, and the protein expression of METTL14 was detected by Western blotting. Cholangiocarcinoma cell lines HUCCTI and RBE were divided into control group and METTL14 or Inc EIF3J-AS1 knockdown group. The corresponding normal lentivirus was transfected in the control group, and METTL14 or Inc EIF3J-AS1 knockdown group was transfected with lentivirus that interfered with the expression of METTL14 or Inc EIF3J-AS1, respectively. Transwell assay was used to detect the ability of cell migration and invasion, and Western blotting was used to detect the expression of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and AKT protein.Results:The expressions of METTL14 mRNA and lnc EIF3J-AS1 in cholangiocarcinoma tissues were significantly higher than those in adjacent normal tissues (0.075±0.012 vs 0.031±0.006, 0.140±0.032 vs 0.064±0.012), and there was a positive correlation between expression of METTL4 mRNA and expression of lnc EIF3J-AS1 ( r=0.883, P=0.0007). The expression of METTL14 protein in cholangiocarcinoma tissues was higher than that in adjacent normal tissues (0.354±0.131 vs 0.187±0.183). Compared with the control group, the expression of lnc EIF3J-AS1 was significantly lower in METTL14 or Inc EIF3J-AS1 knockdown group (0.217±0.020 vs 1.000±0.052, 0.149±0.066 vs 1.000±0.045). The migration and invasion ability of cell lines HUCCTI and RBE decreased significantly in lnc EIF3J-AS1 knockout group (5.00±0.58 vs 23.33±0.33, 20.33±0.67 vs 70.67±0.33; 12.00±0.58 vs 25.00±2.52, 22.33±0.89 vs 43.67±0.33). The expression of EGFR and p-AKT/AKT protein were also significantly decreased (0.109±0.015 vs 1.000±0.018, 0.226±0.036 vs 1.000±0.051; 0.118±0.052 vs 1.000±0.069, 0.132±0.098 vs 1.000±0.023). The above differences were statistically significant (all P<0.05). Conclusions:Abnormal expression of lnc EIF3J-AS1 in cholangiocarcinoma mediated by METTL14 can promote tumor cell migration and invasion.

Objective:To investigate whether the presence of complement factor H( CFH) gene polymorphisms is associated with unexplained mild visual loss (UMVL) in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients. Methods:A case control study was adopted.The participants included two groups from a previous population-based epidemiology study on type 2 diabetes mellitus patients in the Beixinjing community, Shanghai: UMVL was defined by a best corrected visual acuity(BCVA)<20/25 and≥20/63 in both eyes, with no eye diseases causing visual impairment, such as corneal diseases, cataract, age-related macular degeneration, glaucoma, optic nerve atrophy, diabetic retinopathy, etc.Genomic DNA was isolated from the peripheral venous blood of all the participants and then loaded onto Fluidigm Digital Arrays.Four CFH gene single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs)(rs800292, rs1061170, rs529825, rs1410996, rs203674) were assessed with the SPSS 13.0 and HAPLoVIEW 4.0 software to test the statistical association of CFH polymorphisms with UMVL.The study protocol was approved by the Ethics Committee of Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University(No.2013KY023). All the procedures were conducted according to the tenets of the Declaration of Helsinki.Written informed consent was obtained from each subject prior to entering the study cohort. Results:Total of 135 residents with UMVL and 133 with normal vision(BCVA≥20/25 in both eyes) were enrolled.The UMVL group matched the control group in terms of gender, age, onset age, and duration of diabetes mellitus, hemoglobin A1c levels, and body mass index(all at P>0.05). The four SNPs(rs800292, rs1061170, rs529825, rs1410996) except rs203674 tested in the UMVL and control groups were qualified by the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium ( P>0.05). There were no differences in SNPs and genotypes between the two groups in the four loci of the CFH gene.The P value of allele frequencies of rs529825, rs800292, rs1410996 and rs1061170 were 0.79, 0.25, 0.69 and 0.77, respectively, and the P value of genotype frequencies were 0.61, 0.69, 0.87 and 0.43, respectively. Conclusions:There is no correlation between CFH gene polymorphism and UMVL in type 2 diabetic patients.

Objective:To explore the effect of artificial intelligence teaching-picture system in training the bone marrow cell morphological reading ability of clinical medical students.Methods:A total of 110 five-year undergraduate students were divided into experimental group (artificial intelligence picture teaching method) and control group (traditional teaching method) in the bone marrow cell morphology reading ability training. On the basis of multimedia teaching, the experimental group was given the teaching by using the bone marrow cell morphology picture storage and transmission system for retrieval, learning and computer adaptive test. Then objective evaluation of image recognition ability and questionnaire were used to compare the teaching effect.Results:The image recognition ability was significantly better in the experimental group than in the control group [(89.6±5.7) vs. (81.4±4.9), P<0.01]. Furthermore, the experimental group showed more obvious advantages in cell morphology recognition [(74.7±4.0) vs. (68.7±4.9)] and diagnosis of hematological diseases [(14.9±3.0) vs. (12.9±2.4)] than the control group (both P<0.01). Questionnaire survey showed that the students expressed their affirmation and support for the artificial intelligence teaching-picture system in the bone marrow cell morphological reading ability training. Conclusion:The application of artificial intelligence teaching-picture system can greatly improve the teaching effect, mobilize students' learning enthusiasm and expand learning resources, which is worthy of further promotion and application.