Twenty eight rabbits were divided into two groups with exception of three used as control. The right monocular enucleation was performed at five and twenty days postnatal respectively in the two experimental groups. The animals were sacrificed at intervals that ranged from 1 to 150 days.The qualitative and quantitative observations showed that the cell changes in the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus following enucleation were different in the 2 groups, In the first group, the developing cells in the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus arrested growth immediately following enucleation, but the affected cells continued to differentiate for 1～10 days postoperatively. Subsequently, there were no marked further cell changes until 150 days after enucleation. In the second, the mature neurons in the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus atrophied rapidly to the maximization during 5～7 days postoperatively. There was no any cell loss to be found in either group. The average decrease in perikaryon size was 30～40％, in nucleus size was 25～30％, and in nucleolus size was 20～25％.The cell changes in the lateral part of the contralateral dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus were compared to the medial part of the ipsilateral dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus after monocular removal. While the cells in the lateral part of the ipsilateral dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus were normal just as in the medial part of the contralateral dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus.The neurons in the ventral lateral geniculate nucleus had no changes to be found in every case.

Divergent axon collaterals from forebrain and brainstem to the dorsal hippocampus in the rat were examined by means of HRP method and fluorescent retrograde double labeling method.HRP solution was injected into the left or right dorsal htppocampus of 3 rats. HRP labeled cells were observed in the bilateral medial parts of medial septal areas, vertical limbs of the diagonal band of Broca, supramammillary nuclei, submammillothalamic nuclei, superior central nucleus and locus ceruleus.PI and Bb solution were injected into the left and right hippocampus of 3 rats separately. Many retrograde double labeled cells were found in the nuclei mentioned above.The results indicate that the retrograde double labeled ceils in these nuclei may divergently projected to both the left and right dorsal hippocampi. They play an important role in harmonizing the activity of bilateral hippocampi.

Objective To define the value of DCE and DWI in assessing malignant and benign lesion in periamapullary regions . Methods The data of dynamic contrast enhancement magnetic resonance imaging (DCE‐MRI) and diffusion‐weighted imaging(DWI) of 43 patients (32 malignant and 11 benign lesions) were analyzed retrospectively ,who have been diagnosed as biliary strictures in ampullary regions .One radiologist compared the signal intensity of DCE‐MRI and DWI of malignant and benign periamapullary le‐sions .Two other radiologists assessed data of DCE‐MRI and data of combined DCE‐MRI and DWI from those periamapullary lesions respectively .And then we compared the diagnostic sensitivity and specificity of each type of data by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis .Results Malignant and benign periamapullary lesions showed no statistically significant difference on DCE‐MRI;Malignant periampullary lesion were more frequently appeared hyperintense than benign lesions on DWI ,and hypointense on ADC (P<0 .001) .Diagnostic accuracy improved from 84 .4% to 96 .9% and 87 .7% to 96 .6% for both reviewers after adding DWI on diagno‐sis of malignant periampuullary lesions .Conclusion The combination of DCE‐MRI and DWI can improve the diagnostic accuracy for differentiating malignant from benign strictures in the periampullary region .

The postnatal development of the efferent projections to the lumbosacral spinal cord from the brain stem of rats were studied with HRP retrograde transport method. Fifty per cent solution of HRP was slowly injected into the intumescentia lumbalis on its right side in 18 albino rats from postnatal 1-35 days. The HRP labelled cells were found in the following nuclei:1. Of the midbrain: the nucleus ruber, substantia nigra and nucleus raphe dorsalis.2. Of the pons: the nucleus reticularis pontis oralis, nucleus reticularis pontis caudalis, locus coeruleus, nucleus subcoeruleus, nucleus raphe magnus, nucleus vestibularis lateralis, and nucleus vestibularis medialis.3. Of the medulla oblongata: the nucleus raphe obscurus, nucleus raphe pallidus, nucleus reticularis ventralis, nucleus reticularis gigantocellularis, nucleus reticularis lateralis, nucleus tractus spinalis nervi trigemini, nucleus commissuralis (Cajal), nucleus prepositus hypoglossi, and nucleus gracilis.The number of the labelled cells in the above nuclei increased steadily with age. The results of present study showed that there was a postnatal developmental process in the efferent projections from the brain stem to the lumbosacral cord. The maturity of the projections from ruber nucleus and locus coeruleus were later than those of the vestibulospinal and reticulospinal tracts. The postnatal developmental process of the brain stem projections to the lumbosacral spinal cord were completed by one month after birth.

An intercostal nerve-spinal cord implantation and semitransection of the spinalcord at the point between the origin and insertion of the intercostal nerve was madeon ten adult dogs and two monkeys.One to two weeks after this operation,paraly-tic legs following semitransection of the spinal cord recoverded from the paralysis.The implanted nerves were cut during the different period from 124 to 366 days.The function of the legs of four animals which had recovered paralysed again aftersurgical section of implanted nerve.Histologically,the inserted nerves in the spinalcord were recognized in these animals.Many of the growing fibers extended fromdistal end of the inserted intercostal nerve into the gray and white matter ofthe distal segment of the spinal cord.It is considered that the efficacy of the inter-costal nerve-spinal cord implantation depends upon the choice of the symptomaticindications and the success of the implantation procedure.

Funds management,which has a direct effect on the development of scientific research projects,is an important part of the scientific research management in hospitals.By investigating the present situation of the scientific research funds management in a local hospital in Shanghai,this paper analyzes the problems commonly found in the scientific research funds management.Based on the findings of the analysis,this paper proposes some corresponding recommendations and countermeasures to improve the management.

Objective To investigate MRI characteristics of subacute combined degeneration(SCD)with secondary spinal canal stenosis.Methods The clinical and MRI imaging data of 56 patients with SCD were collected to analyze the performance characteristics between spinal cord lesions and spinal canal stenosis,which depended on the synergism of lumbar disc bluge or herniation,degenerative thickening of the ligament flavum and posterior longitudinal ligament.Results Among 56 SCD cases underwent MRI scan,45 cases were combined with spinal cord lesions which showed typical signs of SCD.37 patients were secondary spinal canal stenosis with typical signs,but 2 showed no typical signs.8 patients were no secondary spinal canal stenosis and showed typical.9 cases showed neither spinal cord lesions nor secondary spinal canal stenosis.There was significant difference (P <0.05)between relative secondary spinal canal stenosis and spinal anomaly signal.The course of 1 5 cases were shortened after treated by physical in 37 cases of SCD with secondary spinal canal. Conclusion The secondary spinal canal stenosis can cause microcirculation dysfunction of the spinal cord,which is a key factor contributing to the imaging manifestation.

Objective To explore the apphcation of the integrated teaching method of PBL and TBL based on cases in pharmacology teaching.Method Ninety-two students majored in Pharmaceutical Preparations were selected into the control group,and 184 students majored in pharmacy were enrolled into the experimental group.The teaching effect was comprehensively evaluated by using the combination of theoretical examination and student feedback.Results In the experimental group,the average score of students in Pharmacology (73.68 ± 9.40) was significantly higher than that of the control group (67.34 ± 7.18),and the feedback of the students in the experimental group was significantly better than that in the control group.Conclusion Compared with the traditional teaching method,the integrated teaching method can significantly improve the students' theoretical examination results and students' learning interest.

OBJECTIVETo analyze the correlation between mitral regurgitation grading and left ventricular ejection fraction in elderly patients (>60 years of age) in a 2-year follow-up.

METHODSA total of 455 patients with the diagnosis of at least mild mitral regurgitation by echocardiography were divided into ischemic mitral regurgitation (IMR) group and non-ischemic regurgitation (NIMR) group. The patients were followed up with echocardiography every 6 months and the data were analyzed at the end of 24 months.

RESULTSMitral regurgitation grade was inversely correlated with left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF). Patients with moderate and severe IMR had a lower LVEF than those with NIMR (P<0.05). After adjustment for age, sex, body mass index, high blood pressure, diabetes, atrial fibrillation and cardiomyopathy, the mean LVEF at 2 years was lowered by 2.7% (1.4%-4.1%), 2.7% (1.3%-4.0%), and 5.2% (3.5%-6.9%) in mild, moderate and severe IMR patients, respectively (P<0.04), and by 3.2% (1.6%-4.8%), and 3.0% (1.4%-4.5%), and 1.7%(-0.5%-3.9%) in mild, moderate and severe NIMR patients (P=0.30).

CONCLUSIONThe mean LVEF in IMR patients is significantly lowered compared to that in NIMR patients. The grade of mitral regurgitation is inversely correlated with the regurgitation area in IMR patients. Stratified management might help improve LVEF in severe IMR patients.

Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Male ; Mitral Valve Insufficiency ; Stroke Volume ; Ventricular Dysfunction, Left ; physiopathology

Objective :To evaluate therapeutic effect of allisartan isoproxil tablet on carotid atherosclerosis (CAS) le‐sion in patients with mild to moderate essential hypertension (EH).Methods :A total of 120 patients with mild to moderate EH complicated CAS treated in our hospital were enrolled .They were randomly divided into valsartan group (n＝60 ,received valsartan 80mg／d) and allisartan isoproxil group (n＝60 ,received allisartan isoproxil tablet 240mg／d) ,both groups received measure by carotid vascular ultrasound before treatment ,24 weeks and 48 weeks af‐ter treatment and its result were compared between two groups .Results :Compared with before treatment ,there were significant reductions in IMT ,size ,thickness and number of carotid atherosclerotic plaques on 24 weeks and 48 weeks after treatment in two groups ,and above indexes of 48 weeks were significantly lower than those of 24 weeks , P＜0.05 or ＜0.01. The decreased value of IMT in allisartan isoproxil group was significantly higher than that of valsartan group ,and there were no significant difference between two groups in time point of size ,thickness and number of carotid atherosclerotic plaques , P＞0.05 all.Conclusion :Therapeutic effect of two drugs on size ,thick‐ness and number of carotid atherosclerotic plaques are similar ;but therapeutic effect of allisartan isoproxil tablet on IMT is significantly better than that of valsartan .