Objective: To study the possibility of liposomes to ta rget hepatocytes af ter being linked with asialofetuin(AF). Methods: The biodistribu tions in differen t cells in liver as well as in blood, in various organs such as heart, spleen, l ung and kidney of mice, of traditional sterically stabilized liposomes(SSL) , AF-linked normal liposomes(AF-NL) and AF-linked sterically stabilized lipos ome s(AF-SSL) were studied by radioisotopic labeling. Results: The half-live s of SSL, AF-NL and AF-SSL were 14.44, 4.73 and 11.49 h， respectively. The di strib ution of liposomes in liver was AF-NL>AF-SSL>SSL. There was significant differenc e among these three formulations. In hepatocytes and non-hepatocytes, the conce ntr ations of the liposomes were both in line with the sequence AF-NL>AF-SSL>SSL( P <0.05). However, the ra tios of the concentrations in hepatocytes to that of non-hepatocytes were AF-N L≈AF -SSLSSL( P <0.05). Conclusion: After being labeled with asi alofetuin, liposomes can target hepatocytes very we ll， whether in long-circulation or not.

Objective To study the impact of local fractionated irradiation on lung metastasis in H22-bearing mice, and to explore its mechanism involved. Methods Subcutaneous transplantation tumor model bearing with H22 was established. Mice were divided into three groups as healthy control, tumor control and irradiation groups. The size of subcutaneous tumors was measured and lung metastasis was observed. The expressions of PCNA, VEGF and MVD were detected immunohistochemically. The plasma levels of CD4 and CD8 were determined by using flow cytometry. Results The tumor size in irradiated group was smaller than that in tumor control group. The tumor inhibition rate in irradiated group was 30%.Lung metastasis in irradiated group was more severe than that in tumor control group (x2 = 8.31,4.48,9. 60, P＜ 0.05 ). The expressions of PCNA, VEGF and MVD in two groups were statistically different( t =23.78,-2.47, -6.43, P ＜ 0. 05). The levels of CD4 and CD8 in irradiated group were statistically different compared to healthy control group ( t = 4. 72 and 3.31, P＜ 0.05 ). Conclusions For the H22 model, radiation might inhibit the local transplantation tumor, but increase the risk of lung metastasis.

Objective To study the expressions of Hepcidin,bone morphogenetic protein 6 (BMP6) and hemojuvelin (HJV) in gastric cancer,and to explore their relationships with clinical pathological characteristics.Methods Hepcidin,BMP6 and HJV were detected by immunohistochemistry in 62 cases of gastric cancer patients,and the relationships among them and clinical pathological features were analyzed.Results Compared with normal gastric mucosa tissues,Hepcidin was highly expressed in gastric cancer tissues (13.3％ vs.56.5％,x2 =8.99,P ＜ 0.01),while the differences of the expression of BMP6 and HJV in the two groups were not statistically significant (60.0％ vs.40.3 ％,x2 =1.89,P ＞ 0.05;93.3％ vs.83.9％,x2 =0.88,P ＞ 0.05).The expression of Hepcidin was related to T stage (x2 =6.98,P =0.02),but it was not related to age,sex,lymph node metastasis,distant metastasis and anemia.The expressions of BMP6 and HJV were not related to T stage,age,sex,lymph node metastasis,distant metastasis and anemia.Hepcidin was not related to the expressions of BMP6 and HJV (r=0.13,P＞0.05;r=0.15,P＞0.05).Conclusion Hepcidin is highly expressed in gastric cancer tissues,which is related to the T staging of gastric cancer,and can be used as an objective indicator of the biological behavior of gastric cancer.There were no differences in the expression of BMP6 and HJV between normal gastric mucosa and gastric cancer tissues.

Objective To observe and analyze cupping therapy for chronic wound healing.Methods Thirty-nine patients with chronic wounds were collected and randomly divided into cupping therapy group (n =20) and control group (n =19).The control group was treated with route dressing change once every other day,while the cupping therapy group was added cupping therapy.Compared the two groups of patients in general view,positive ratio of wound germiculture,area percentage of wound healing and pain score (VAS score).Results The pus of wounds was mostly drained out and the fresh tissue fluid leakage when patients were treated with cupping therapy.After three days of treatment ,the positive ratio of wound germiculture of the cupping group (6 5 % )was lower than that of the control group(79%),but the difference was not significant.After one-week treatment,the positive ratio of wound germiculture of the cupping group(40%)was significantly lower than that of the control group(73%)(χ2 =4.496, P =0.034).And the VAS score of the cupping group (2.20 ±1.00)was significantly lower than that of the control group (4.16 ±0.96)(t =-12.929,P =0.001).After two-week treatment,the area percentage of wound of the cup-ping group (80.68%)was significantly lower than that of the control group (92.28%)(t =-13.675,P =0.000). And 4 cases of the cupping group cured,while no patient was cured in the control group.Conclusion Cupping thera-py based on route dressing change has positive therapeutic effect on chronic wounds.And the advantages of lower cost and easier operations would make it suitable for middle-and low-income individuals and primary hospitals.

Objective To investigate the influence of ionic strength on the stability of the methotrexate-loaded dendrimer nanoparticles. Methods The influences of different ions (Na+,Cl-) and different concentrations of sodium chloride on the stability of the nanoparticles were studied. The particle size was measured by dynamic light scattering(DLS) and drug-loading content was determined by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) in order to evaluate the stability. Results The Cl- was finally verified to play an important role in stabilizing the nanoparticles and the effective concentration of the sodium chloride was recommended to be below 1. 80% . Conclusion The recommended concentration (less than 1. 80% ) of the sodium chloride significantly improves the stability of the nanoparticles and benefits for long term storage.

BACKGROUND:It has become a focus to look for new vertebral body fil ing materials which have the biomechanical property, biological activity and low cement leakage rate.
OBJECTIVE:To investigate the biomechanical characters and cement leakage rate of the vertebral bodies implanted with biodegradable reticulated bal oon and calcium phosphate.
METHODS:Thirty-two vertebral bodies from pigs were randomly divided to four groups. For A group, 2.5-3.0 mL polymethacrylate cement was injected into the body through a unilateral thoracic pedicle pathway;for B group, 2.5-3.0 mL calcium phosphate cement were injected by the same protocol;for C group, the biodegradable reticulated bal oons fil ed with 2.5-3.0 mL calcium phosphate cement were implanted;D group, including normal vertebral bodies, was designed as controls. Leakage of bone cement was observed in each group. The load-shift curves were recorded by an electronic universal testing machine (SCHENCK RSA-250).
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The stiffness and strength of A group were significantly higher than those of D group (P<0.05), and the stiffness and strength of B group were statistical y lower than those of D group (P<0.05). The stiffness and strength of C group, otherwise, were similar with those of D group (P>0.05). Cement leakage rate of C group was lower than that of A or B group (P<0.05). Vertebral bodies implanted with biodegradable reticulated bal oons may lead to similar biomechanical characters as the normal vertebral bodies and reduce the cement leakage rate.

ObjectiveTo study the morphology, normal values and lateral asymmetry of Chinese calcarine sulcus on MRI. Methods High-resolution and transverse MRI were obtained from 40 female volunteers. Brainvisa software was used to reconstruct the calcarine sulcus and measure its average length, depth and width automatically. Results The posterior branch of calcarine sulcus showed six types in the median sagittal plane: bifurcation(32.50%), single peak(25.00%), flat (16.25%), S-shaped (15.00%), double peak(7.50%) and other shape (3.75%); its location had three types: inferior(72.50%), middle(21.25%)and superior(6.25%). The depth of left calcarine sulcus was (15.24±2.67)mm, and the right one was (16.97±3.25)mm, which revealed great statistical significance (P＜0.000 1). The width of left calcarine sulcus was (3.14±0.91)mm, and it was (3.19± 0.83)mm in the right side. The bottom length of calcarine sulcus: the left was (86.47±16.85)mm, the right was (83.62±17.10)mm. The top length of calcarine sulcus: the left was (70.52±12.40)mm, the right was (64.90±15.17)mm. There were not statistical significance in width, bottom length and top length between left and right calcarine sulci. More than half of the end part of calcarine sulci turned to the lateral surface of cerebral hemisphere.Totally 63 cases (78.75%) were found with prominent calcar avis. Conclusion Significant difference of depth between left and right calcarine sulcus of female was found. Three-dimensional reconstruction is an effective method to study the anatomy of calcarine sulcus.

Objective To investigate the morphology and relationships with the adjacent structures in the pineal region on the thin sections and to provide anatomic data for imaging diagnosis and surgical treatment of diseases in this region. Methods By CT and MRI examination, one normal head specimen was selected for this study. Using the computerized freezing milling technique, the specimen was sliced from anterior to posterior. The in vivo MR images were obtained from ten normal Chinese male adult volunteers using a 3.0 T GE scanner. The base lines of the sectioning and the MR scan were perpendicular to the AC-PC line. Then primary sections were contrasted with the corresponding MR images. Results By the appearance of the pineal peduncle and the disappearance of the pineal gland, the pineal region could be divided into three parts from anterior to posterior, and the shape changed from an inverted triangle to a trapezoid and a triangle gradually. The first interspace was getting wider in the anterior and middle parts of the pineal region, while in the posterior part of the pineal region, it was getting narrower and disappeared finally. From anterior to posterior, the bilateral internal cerebral veins were always in the midline of the pineal region and descended gradually.Conclusion By the computerized freezing milling technique, the anatomic details and adjacent relationships of the pineal region could be exhibited clearly in the thin serial sections, which could help the imaging diagnosis and surgical treatments for minute diseases in this region.

Objective To study the relationship between serum erythropoietin(Epo)level and chemotherapy-induced hemoglobin(Hb)level in elderly patients with cancer. Methods　One hundred senile patients(aged≥60 years)with cancer and one hundred and seventy non-senile patients(aged＜60 years)with cancer were selected as aged group and control group,respectively.The serum Epo level was detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA). Results　(1)The average levels of the serum Epo in aged group and control group were(22.0±15.1)U/L and(30.4±21.8)U/L,respectively(t=1.2988,P＞0.05).A negative correlation was found between the levels of Epo and Hb in elder cancer patients(r=0.3700,P＜0.001).(2)The levels of serum Epo were(14.7±10.6)U/L,(20.2±9.0)U/L and(42.3±24.8)U/L in 55 cases with normal Hb level,22 cases with mild anemia and 23 cases with moderate to severe anemia,respectively(F=11.6886,P＜0.01).(3)The levels of Epo were(20.2±10.8)U/L,(45.2±39.1)U/L and(25.8±15.9)U/L before chemotherapy,after 4 treatment cycles and 2 treatment cycles respectively(F=4.5477,P＜0.01).The levels of Hb were(111.0±20.5)g/L,(96.8±16.6)g/L and(102.1±19.3)g/L before chemotherapy,after 4 treatment cycles and 2 treatment cycles respectively(F=4.0071,P＜0.01).Conelusions　There is no statistical difference in serum Epo level between senile patients with cancer and non-senile patients with cancer.but serum Epo levelis higher in patients with anemia than without anemia.There is a negative correlation between the levels of Epo and Hb.Chemotherapy can decrease the level of Hb and increase the serum 1evel of Epo in part of patients.The changes are correlated with the conditions of patients before chemotherapy and the time of chemotherapy.

Objective To discuss The Clinical Significance of Eosinophil (EOS) in urosepsis. Methods A total of 99 patients of urosepsis in Department of Urology,Guangdong Provincial TCM Hospital from Mar. 2013 to Jul. 2016 were selected as research objects by retrospective analysis. The patients were classified into groupEOS= 0 andgroup EOS > 0,group PCT(procalcitonin)≥ 2 ng/mL andgroup PCT < 2 ng/mL,the differences of PCT concentration and percentage of EOS in two groups were analyzed comparatively. 99 patients of urosepsiswere also compared the difference of the percentage of EOS with another group including 100 patients of urinary tract infection (UTI) without Sepsis. Results The percentage of EOS was significantly decreased in 86.9%(86/99)of patients of urosepsis. The paired student t test show the percentage of EOS in two days after treatment,four days after treatment, before hospital discharge were higher than that before the treatment, the difference wassignificant (P < 0.05). The Independent-Sample Test show that the PCTconcentration in EOS = 0 group were higher than EOS > 0 group,the percentage of EOS in PCT≥2 ng/mL groupwere lower than PCT<2 ng/mL group,difference were significant(P<0.05). And The Independent-Sample Testalso showed that the percentage of EOS of the Urosepsis group was definitely lower than the UTI group without Sepsis. Difference was statistically significant. Concusions The percentage of EOS could be applied to assess the severity of urosepsis, monitor the disease progression and evaluate the infection control. The cost was lower than PCT in therapeuticprocess ofurosepsis.