The choice of sequence, scanning delay time, dosage and flow rate of contrast medium, patient's cooperation, and post processing of the images were discussed in this article. Fast, multiphase scanning, and fat saturation were required for the best sequence of contrast-enhanced MRI angiography. The delay time should be determined by bolus test injection, 30 ml contrast medium at 2-3 ml/s flow rate were recommended, good cooperation from the patients and felicitously post processing of the images were also necessary for successful examination.

Lung cancer belongs to the highest incidence of malignancy, and the interventional treatment in our country began with bronchial arterial infusion(BAI)with once accounted for a rather fair portion of clinical interventional procedures. But in recent years, the performance of BAI has been declined. This paper attempts to unveil the underling causes and propose our strategy against the problems.

Basic research in interventional radiology,including transcatheter artery perfusion especially,is progressing slowly due to lack of proper method.Microdialysis technique,a kind of accurate sampling technique in vivo,may help to solve the problem.Just as its name implies,microdialysis means tiny dialysis with advantages of authenticity,exactness and less error.Furthermore it has been applied widely and should be received with great attention and popularity.

Objective To study the effect of low exposing dose on detecting lung nodules by CT . Methods 26 patients with lung metastasis were selected to scan by CT with four kinds of different protocols , including 195 mAs /6.5mm ( exposing dose/scan thickness ) ,195 mAs/3.2 mm,50 mAs/3.2 mm,30 mAs/3.2 mm in all,then the number,size,position of nodules detected with dfferent dose were calculated respectivly.Results The total number of lung nodules detected with 195 mAs/3.2 mm,50 mAs/3.2 mm and 30 mAs/3.2 mm were no significant difference,but when classificated according to their size,as the exposing dose decreased,the number of nodules under 2 mm or 5 mm was detected decreasingly,morever,the noise of image increased.Although the image-noise of 30 mAs/3.2 mm was significant over 195 mAs/6.5 mm,the number of nodules detected by former was significant more than later.Conclusion As a whole, exposing dose decreased,the noise of image increasesd,the quality of image decreases,the artifact may obscure those small lung nodules, however, exposing dose decreased in a certain extent has no significant influence on CT in detecting lung nodules.Low exposing dose combined with thin slice thickness is more superiority than general dose combined with general slice thickness in sifting lung nodule.

In recent years, radiofrequency-ablation with minimal invasive effect has been increasingly used in the treatment of lung cancer, outcoming with obvious achievement. Great progress has been made in the experimental research including creation of electrode needle, the radiofrequency technique and clinical applications. This article overviews the experimental research, clinical application, current status and future research directions of this new treatment modality.

Salivary gland obstruction is a commonly disorder affecting this organ usually due to the development of salivary calculi, ductul srictures, or both. Imaging plays an important role in the diagnosis of the cause, extent, and effects of the obstruction. Up to date, the micro-invasive interventional treatment is always be taken as the first method of choice for dislodgment of calculi and sacculus salivary sialodochoplasty through buccal cavity. This article gives a comprehensive review of the indications and technical procedure.

Implantation of metallic stents is an important method in treatment of airway strictures,and it is applied in increasingly for treating benign tracheobronchial strictures. In this article, we comprehensively introduced the selection of characteristic stents, the current status and progress of stent application in benign tracheobronchial strictures.

The evaluation of outcomes of cancer therapy in clinic are largely based on volumetric and morphological evidences.These evidences,however,are very limited in assessing the early effects of therapy.Functional and molecular MR imaging allows co-registration of functional/molecular-based information with high-resolution anatomical detail within the same imaging modality,which makes it possible for assessing the early effects of tumor therapy.

Objective:To evaluate the efficacy of transcatheter arterial embolization with detachable balloon for pulmonary arteriovenous fistula(PAVF). Methods: A 48 year old female with PAVF suffered intermittent emoptysis, fatigability, exertional dyspnea, and palpitations. CT and MRI demonstrated 2 PAVF in the module lobe on right side. Pre embolization super selective pulmonary angiography revealed 2 fistulae communicating to the sac of the lesion.Three detachable balloons were used for embolization of the feeding arterial branch.The diameter of detachable balloons was twice as that of the feeding arterial branch. The study of blood gases showed the arterial oxygen pressure was 6.5 kPa before operation, hemoglobin at 158 g/L. Results: No complications were apparent in our case. Two PAVF were completely occuluded by the embolization of a feeding branch. One month later, the arterial oxygen pressure increased to normal values, hemoglobin at 125 g/L and clinical symptoms disappeared. On postcontrast CT, the fistulas treated by the embolization of a feeding arterial branch were not enhanced. No symptoms and signs were found in follow up for 16 months. Conclusion: The percutaneous transcatheter embolization with detachable balloon is effective for PAVF. [

Objective To investigate the relationship between the different embolization agent and the spinal cord ischemic injury. Methods Bilateral of intercostal arteries were embolized with gelatin sponge and lipiodol to block the blood supply of spinal cord. To detect the somatosensory evoked potentials(SEPs), 6 canines in both groups of gelatin sponge and lipiodol were treated by bilateral intercostal arteries embolization. The median nerve and fibular nerve were recorded and the ratio of lower extremity to upper extremity SEPs amplitude (LE/UE ratio) were calculated; the results were compared with the pathologic findings and the motor function. Results The baseline, LE/UE, evoked potential amplitude ratios in all dogs before operation ranged from 0.22 to 0.92 with a combined total mean of 0.49?0.07. The SEPs changes at 30 minutes post operation were more obvious than pre operation in gelatin sponge group and lipiodol group with statistic significance. The LE/UE ratio of gelatin sponge group recovered one hour after operation, but this was absent in lipiodol group. So did the latency SEPs changes. Conclusion The SEPs could not be used to evaluate the motor function of spinal cord comprehensively.