Food-derived bioactive peptides (FBPs), particularly those with ten or fewer amino acid residues and a molecular weight below 1300 Da, have gained increasing attention for their safe, diverse structures and specific biological activities. The development of FBP-based functional foods and potential medications depends on understanding their structure‒activity relationships (SARs), stability, and bioavailability properties. In this review, we provide an in-depth overview of the roles of FBPs in treating various diseases, including Alzheimer's disease, hypertension, type 2 diabetes mellitus, liver diseases, and inflammatory bowel diseases, based on the literature from July 2017 to Mar. 2023. Subsequently, attention is directed toward elucidating the associations between the bioactivities and structural characteristics (e.g., molecular weight and the presence of specific amino acids within sequences and compositions) of FBPs. We also discuss in silico approaches for FBP screening and their limitations. Finally, we summarize recent advancements in formulation techniques to improve the bioavailability of FBPs in the food industry, thereby contributing to healthcare applications.
Humans ; Peptides/therapeutic use* ; Structure-Activity Relationship ; Functional Food ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/drug therapy* ; Biological Availability ; Alzheimer Disease/drug therapy* ; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases/drug therapy* ; Hypertension/drug therapy* ; Liver Diseases/drug therapy* ; Bioactive Peptides, Dietary

BackgroundThe occurrence rate of dangerous behaviors in patients with severe mental disorders is higher than that of the general population. In China， there is limited research on the prediction of dangerous behaviors in community-dwelling patients with severe mental disorders， particularly in terms of predicting models using data mining techniques other than traditional methods. ObjectiveTo explore the influencing factors of dangerous behaviors in community-dwelling patients with severe mental disorders and testing whether the classification decision tree model is superior to the Logistic regression model. MethodsA total of 11 484 community-dwelling patients with severe mental disorders who had complete follow-up records from 2013 to 2022 were selected on December 2023. The data were divided into a training set （n=9 186） and a testing set （n=2 298） in an 8∶2 ratio. Logistic regression and classification decision trees were separately used to establish predictive models in the training set. Model discrimination and calibration were evaluated in the testing set. ResultsDuring the follow-up period， 1 115 cases （9.71%） exhibited dangerous behaviors. Logistic regression results showed that urban residence， poverty， guardianship， intellectual disability， history of dangerous behaviors， impaired insight and positive symptoms were risk factors for dangerous behaviors （OR=1.778， 1.459， 2.719， 1.483， 3.890， 1.423， 2.528， 2.124， P<0.01）. Being aged ≥60 years， educated， not requiring prescribed medication and having normal social functioning were protective factors for dangerous behaviors （OR=0.594， 0.824， 0.422， 0.719， P<0.05 or 0.01）. The predictive effect in the testing set showed an area under curve （AUC） of 0.729 （95% CI： 0.692~0.766）， accuracy of 70.97%， sensitivity of 59.71%， and specificity of 72.05%. The classification decision tree results showed that past dangerous situations， positive symptoms， overall social functioning score， economic status， insight， household registration， disability status and age were the influencing factors for dangerous behaviors. The predictive effect in the testing set showed an AUC of 0.721 （95% CI： 0.705~0.737）， accuracy of 68.28%， sensitivity of 64.46%， and specificity of 68.60%. ConclusionThe classification decision tree does not have a greater advantage over the logistic regression model in predicting the risk of dangerous behaviors in patients with severe mental disorders in the community. ［Funded by Chengdu Medical Research Project （number， 2020052）］

Aim To investigate the relationship between fibrinogen(FIB)and the progression of coronary plaque stenosis rate in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM).Methods Hospitalized T2DM patients who underwent two or more coronary CT angiography(CCTA)examinations in the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong U-niversity from January 2015 to December 2020 were included.The subjects were divided into high FIB and low FIB groups according to the median of FIB.The differences in the progression of coronary plaque stenosis rate and other clini-cal characteristics were compared between the two groups,and the relationship between FIB level and the progression of coronary plaque stenosis rate was analyzed by Spearman's correlation analysis and Logistic regression.Results A total of 145 patients were included,73 in the high FIB group and 72 in the low FIB group at baseline,with a median follow-up time of 25(18,40)months between CCTA.The age,proportion of women,and the progression of coronary plaque ste-nosis rate were higher in the high FIB group than those in the low FIB group,and the differences were statistically signifi-cant(P＜0.05).FIB level was positively correlated with the change in coronary plaque stenosis rate(r2=0.308,P＜0.001).Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that FIB level was a risk factor for the progression of coronary plaque stenosis rate in patients with T2DM(OR=5.25,95％CI:1.97～14.02,P＜0.001),after adjusting for age,sex and other clinical risk factors.Conclusion High baseline FIB level is an independent risk factor for the progression of coronary plaque stenosis rate in patients with T2DM,and monitoring FIB level is beneficial to cardiovascular risk stratifica-tion in patients with T2DM.

Anti-motion artifact is one of the most important properties of ambulatory ECG monitoring equipment. At present, there is a lack of standardized means to test the performance of anti-motion artifact. ECG simulator and special conductive leather are used to build the simulator, it is used to simulate human skin, to generate ECG signal input for the ECG monitoring equipment attached to it. The mechanical arm and fixed support are used to build a motion simulation system to fix the conductive leather. The mechanical arm is programmed to simulate various motion states of the human body, so that the ECG monitoring equipment can produce corresponding motion artifacts. The collected ECG signals are read wirelessly, observed, analyzed and compared, and the anti-motion artifact performance of ECG monitoring equipment is evaluated. The test results show that by artificially creating the small difference between the two groups of ambulatory ECG monitoring equipment, the system can accurately test the interference signals introduced under the conditions of controlled movement such as tension and torsion, and compare the advantages and disadvantages. The research shows that the test system can provide convenient and accurate verification means for the research of optimizing anti-motion interference.
Humans ; Artifacts ; Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted ; Electrocardiography, Ambulatory/methods* ; Electrocardiography ; Motion

Objective:To evaluate a self-designed intelligent robot-assisted minimally invasive reduction system in the reduction of unstable pelvic fractures by a cadaveric anatomic study.Methods:Ten unembalmed cadavers (7 male and 3 female ones) were used in this study. In each cadaveric specimen an unstable pelvic fracture was created in accordance with clinical case models (3 cases of type B1, 4 cases of type B2 and 3 cases of type C1 by the Tile classification). A self-designed intelligent robot-assisted minimally invasive reduction system was used to assist the reduction in the cadaveric models. Intraoperative registration and navigation time, autonomous reduction time, total operation time and reduction error were measured.Results:Effective reduction was completed in 10 bone models with the assistance of our self-designed intelligent robot-assisted minimally invasive reduction system. The time for intraoperative registration and navigation averaged 47.4 min (from 32 to 74 min), the autonomous reduction time 73.9 min (from 48 to 96 min), and the total operation time 121.3 min (from 83 to 170 min). The reduction error averaged 2.02 mm (from 1.67 to 2.62 mm), and the reduction results met the clinical requirements.Conclusion:Our self-designed intelligent robot-assisted minimally invasive reduction system is a new clinical solution for unstable pelvic fractures, showing advantages of agreement with clinical operative procedures, high reduction accuracy and operational feasibility, and reduced radiation exposure compared to a conventional operation.

Objective:To compare the efficacy of HES 130/0.4 and acetate Ringer′s solution (A-HES) and HES 130/0.4 and normal saline (NS-HES) for volume therapy in the patients undergoing non-cardiac surgery with general anesthesia.Methods:Two hundred and fifty American Society of Anesthesiologist physical status Ⅰ or Ⅱ patients of both sexes, aged 18-64 yr, with body mass index of 18-32 kg/m 2, undergoing noncardiac surgery with general anesthesia, were divided into group A-HES and group NS-HES using the stratified block randomization technique.A-HES and NS-HES 15 ml/kg were intravenously infused over 1 h immediately after induction of anesthesia in A-HES and NS-HES groups, respectively.Mean arterial pressure (MAP), heart rate (HR) and central venous pressure (CVP) were recorded before and after infusion, and the maximum changing rate of MAP and HR and the maximum change in CVP were calculated.The pH value, BE and HCO 3- were recorded before infusion and at 15 min after the end of infusion, and Hb, Hct, electrolytes, blood glucose, blood biochemical parameters and parameters of coagulation function were measured.The occurrence of abnormal blood biochemical parameters, blood glucose, and parameters of coagulation function, intraoperative requirement for vasoactive drugs, occurrence of HES-related adverse events, and intraoperative fluid intake and output were recorded. Results:A total of 251 cases were actually enrolled in this study, with 125 cases in group A-HES, and 126 cases in group NS-HES.Compared with group NS-HES, no significant change was found in the maximum changing rate of MAP and HR and the maximum change in CVP ( P>0.05) in group A-HES, and non-inferiority analysis showed that group A-HES was not inferior to group NS-HES.Compared with group NS-HES, the concentrations of BE and HCO 3-, K + , Ca 2+ and Mg 2+ were significantly increased, the concentrations of Na + and Cl - were decreased, the PT was shortened, the incidence of abnormal PT was decreased at 15 min after the end of infusion ( P< 0.05), and no significant change was found in the other parameters mentioned above in group A-HES ( P>0.05). Conclusion:The volume expanding effect of A-HES and its effect on liver and kidney function are not significantly different from those of NS-HES, however, A-HES has certain advantages in maintaining acid-base balance, electrolyte stability and coagulation function.

Objectives To study the clinical characteristics,diagnosis,treatment and prognosis of cancer metastases to the thyroid gland.Methods At Tianjin Medical University Cancer Hospital,from 1980 to 2016 30 patients were identified with a metastatic malignant tumor of the thyroid gland.Results Primary tumor sites were in the esophagus (26.7％),lung (16.7％),and kidney (13.3％).The median age at discovery of thyroid metastasis was 56 years old.The time lapse ranged from 0 to 108 months.There were 18 patients with metachronous metastasis with median survival of 36 months,12 patients were with synchronous metastasis,and the median survival was 8 months (P ＜ 0.01).20 patients were treated with thyroid surgery,and of which 15 patients were given post-op radiotherapy and chemotherapy.Patients who underwent thyroid resection had a median survival of 15 months,while that was 8 months in those without thyoid surgery (P ＜ 0.01).Conclusions Metastases to the thyroid gland is a rare clinical phenomenon,the prognosis of patients is mainly related to the biological behavior of primary tumors,but surgical resection and combined treatment can increase the survival rate.

The BCL6 (B-Cell Lymphoma 6) gene is a proto-oncogene that is often expressed in diffuse large B-cell lymphomas (DLBCLs). BCL6 loss of function can kill DLBCL cells, demonstrating that BCL6 is necessary for the survival of DLBCL cells and could be a therapeutic target. In this study, we found that BCL6 protein levels were consistently upregulated in DLBCL tissues, whereas its mRNA levels varied randomly in tissues, suggesting that a post-transcriptional mechanism was involved in BCL6 regulation. We used bioinformatics analysis to search for miRNAs, which potentially target BCL6, and identified specific targeting sites for miR-10a in the 3'-untranslated region (3'-UTR) of BCL6. We further identified an inverse correlation between miR-10a levels and BCL6 protein levels, but not mRNA levels, in DLBCL tumor tissue samples. By overexpressing or knocking down miR-10a in DLBCL cells, we experimentally validated that miR-10a directly recognizes the 3'-UTR of the BCL6 transcript and regulated BCL6 expression. Furthermore, we demonstrated that negatively regulating BCL6 by miR-10a suppressed the proliferation and promoted apoptosis of DLBCL cells.
3' Untranslated Regions ; Apoptosis ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cell Proliferation ; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic ; Gene Knockdown Techniques ; Humans ; Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse ; genetics ; metabolism ; therapy ; MicroRNAs ; genetics ; metabolism ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-6 ; biosynthesis ; genetics

Objective To evaluate the efficacy and safety of oxycodone hydrochloride injection for postoperative analgesia in patients undergoing the operation under general anesthesia in a prospective,randomized,blind,multicenter,positive-controlled,clinical trial.Methods Two hundred and forty ASA Ⅰ or Ⅱ patients of both sexes,aged 18-64 yr,weighing 40-95 kg,scheduled for elective abdominal operation or orthopedic surgeries under general anesthesia,were randomly divided into 2 groups (n =120 each):morphine sulfate injection group (group M) and oxycodone hydrochloride injection group (group O).Morphine or oxycodone 1 mg was injected intravenously when the patients complained of pain after tracheal extubation or removal of the laryngeal mask,and administration was repeated if necessary until VAS≤40 mm.Then patient-controlled intravenous analgesia (PCIA) (100 ml,0.5 mg/ml) with morphine or oxycodone was used for postoperative analgesia (lasting for 48 h).The PCIA pump was set up with a 1 ml bolus dose,a 5 min lockout interval and background infusion at a rate of 0.5 mg/h.Pain at rest and during movement was assessed using VAS score at 3,24 and 48 h after administration,and non-inferiority test was performed.Total morphine or oxycodone consumption,requirement for rescue analgesic,the number of unsuccessfully delivered dose,the number of attempts,and the level of patient' s satisfaction were recorded within 48 h after operation.The adverse events were recorded and laboratory examinations (blood and urine routine test,blood biochemical examination) were performed within 72 h after administration.Results There was no significant difference in the VAS scores at rest and during movement at different time points,requirement for rescue analgesic,the number of unsuccessfully delivered doses and attempts,level of patient' s satisfaction,total morphine or oxycodone consumption,and adverse events between the two groups (P ＞ 0.05).No serious adverse event occurred in the two groups.The most common adverse event was nausea,followed by vomiting.There was no significant difference in the incidences and degree of nausea and vomiting between the two groups (P ＞ 0.05).The incidences of nausea and vomiting in patients underwent orthopedic surgeries were significantly lower in group O than in group M (P ＜ 0.05).The other adverse events were fewer and abnormal laboratory examinations were rare in the two groups.95％ confidence interval of the difference between the mean VAS scores at rest and during movement at each time point was within 15 mm (boundary values of non-inferiority testing) in the two groups.Conclusion PCIA with oxycodone hydrochloride injection is safe and effective in reducing pain after moderate or major operation,and the analgesic efficacy is similar to that of morphine sulfate injection,however,the development of nausea and vomiting is reduced when PCIA with oxycodone hydrochloride injection is used for orthopedic surgeries as compared with that when morphine sulfate injection is used and the ratio between the analgesic efficacy of the two drugs is close to 1∶1.

Objective By observing the effect of Xiaoyuhuatan decoction on insulin resistance in rar with nonalchoholic fatty liver,the author made a reasearch into this herb'S machanism on cambating on nonalchoholic fatty liver.Methods The insulin resistance rat model was fed by high fat forage and Dongbaogantai control group was set up for the sake of comparion.We determined the contents of total cholesterol(TC),triglyceride(TG),free fatty acid(FFA),fasting plasma glucose(FBG),fasting serum insulin(INS)in serum and the contents of TC,TG of liver tissue homogenate of each group,and the degree of hepatocytic steatosis.Results Xiaoyuhuatan decoction could obviously decrease the index of insulin resistance and improve insulin insensitive index.Lipid in blood serum and hepatic tissues were significantly decreased,liver fat cell denaturation was improved.Conclusion The thrapentic eftect of Xiaoyuhuatan Decoction on fatty liver is probably contribute tO this herb's mechanism of improving insulin resistance and increasing insulin insensitive.