Objective To explore the difference of the femoral head-neck ratio (FHNR) in patients with Cam-type femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) and healthy adults and its impact on surgical strategy.Methods We measured the FHNR using method described by Doherty.468 healthy adults without hip symptoms acted as controls in the study,including 313 males and 155 females,with the mean age of 42.4years (range,17-82 years).There were 17 patients (24 hips) in the Cam-type FAI group.The maximum diameter of the femoral head and the minimum vertical diameter of femoral neck on both sides were measured by Digimizer software on the standard anteroposterior pelvis film.The ratio of femoral head to femoral neck was calculated and was compared.The surgery was performed in 7 cases (8 hips) with FAI.The Harris score and internal rotation angle was also compared.Results The FHNR of control group and Cam-type FAI group was 1.48±0.09(1.33-1.69) and 1.30±0.13 (1.01-1.46) separately (P＜0.01).The volume of osteophyte removed during operation was related with the FHNR.The average Harris score had improved from 63.4±8.2(52-76) preoperatively to 89.2±3.5(84-95) postoperatively.The average internal rotation angle had improved from 2.5°±2.7°(0°-5°) preoperatively to 12.5±3.8°(5°-15°) postoperatively.Conclusion FHNR measurement is useful for the diagnosis and surgical treatment of Cam-type FAI.

Aim To investigate the effect of matrine on cytoskeletonof K562 cells. Methods Micropipette aspiration technique was adoptedto investigate the viscoelasticity of K562 cells, while the different ex-pression of cytoskeletal protein gene was analyzed by DNA microar-ray. Results In matrine-treated K562 cells, the viscoelastic propertiesKI, K2 and were decreased significantly from 726 ± 215 to 432 ±67,433 ±119 to 242±31, 72±38 to 50±15 respectively, and the geneexpression of prefoldin and ezrin was much stronger than that of controlcells. Conclusion The strueture and function can be changed in ma-trine-treated K562 cells.

Objective To measure the femoral head-neck ratio among Chinese adults in Nanjing to explore its clinical significance. Methods 468 Chinese without hip symptoms were chosen randomly. There were 313 males and 155 females. 13 cases were less than 20 years old, 88 cases were from 21 to 30 years old, 123 cases were from 31 to 40 years old, 104 cases were from 41 to 50 years old, 102 cases were from 51 to 60 years old, 24 cases were from 61 to 70 years old, 14 cases were more than 71 years old. The mean age was 42.4 years old (ranged from 17 to 82 years old). The maximum diameter of the femoral head and the minimum vertical diameter of femoral neck length on both sides were measured by Digimizer software in the standard anteroposterior pelvis film. The femoral head-neck ratio (FHNR) was calculated and compared with that of the western. Results The normal FHNR of Chinese in Nanjing was 1.48 ± 0.09 (1.33-1.69). FHNR was 1.46±0.09 in Chinese aged less than 20 years old. It was 1.48±0.09 in Chinese aged from 21 to 30 years, and 1.47±0.10 in those aged 31-40 years, 1.46±0.09 in 41-50 years, 1.49±0.10 in 51-60 years,1.48±0.08 in 61-70 years, 1.49±0.10 in those more than 71 years. There was no difference between male and female, the left and right side or the different age groups. There was no difference between the western and Chinese in Nanjing. Conclusion FHNR measurement has not variation with regard to sex, age and side. It may be useful to understand some kind of the hip diseases.

Aim To explore new ways for developing anticancer drugs by the separation of pigment from Fu-sarium species JN158 ( Fusarium sp JN158 ) , the iden-tification of its structure, the screening of anticancer components and the study of its partial mechanism. Methods Pigment separation was done by HPLC, structural analysis by UV, IR, NMR, the screening of anticancer activity by MTT. Western blot was used to analyze the protein expression of CyclinD1, NF-κB, VEGF in tumor cells. Results The results showed that the pigment from Fusarium produced a total of six different peaks, of which peak Ⅵ was the anthocya-nins. Its molecular weight is about 382, molecular for-mula is C17 H18 O10 . According to investigation, this pig-ment was probably a new compound, which could in-hibit the proliferation of MCF-7 cells markedly ( IC50:0.011mmol·L-1 ,P<0.05;the control medicine ube-nimex IC50:10 mmol · L-1 ) in a concentration-de-pendent manner, and had no effect on human umbilical cord intravenous endotheliocyte ( HUVEC ) . The influ-ence on the gene expression of CyclinD1, NF-κB, VEGF in MCF-7 cells varied with the concentration of this compound. The Western blot results showed that VI pigment compound inhibited CyclinD1, NF-κB, VEGF gene expression (P<0.05 or 0. 01),compared with the control group. Conclusion The Ⅵ pigment compound from Fusarium sp JN158 could inhibit MCF-7 proliferation by inhibiting CyclinD1, NF-κB, VEGF gene expression. The compound may be a promising compound against breast cancer.

OBJECTIVETo pursue insulin and islet-transplantation replacement therapy for type 1 diabetes based on engineered human non-beta cells which secrete mature insulin.

METHODSHuman proinsulin cDNA was cloned from its genomic gene and mutated by overlap extension PCR, introducing furin consensus cleavage sequences (Arg-Xaa-Lys/Arg-Arg). An expression vector encoding a genetically modified human proinsulin cDNA was generated and transduced to Hela, 293, and L02 cells by lipofectin-mediated DNA transfection. Following G418 screening, the surviving L02 cells were selected and enriched. Insulin levels in the supernatant and cells were evaluated using radioimmunoassay and immunofluorescence staining.

RESULTSThree sites in the insulin gene were mutated simultaneously. Insulin gene modified cells were able to express insulin at different levels: 8.45 - 188.00 microIU/24 h/2.0 x 10(6) Hela cells and 159.88 - 242.14 microIU/24 h/2.0 x 10(6) 293 cells for transient expression, and 2.56 - 61.95 microIU/24 h/2.0 x 10(6) from several L02 clones screened with G418. No insulin was released by control cells. Furthermore, immunofluorescence staining confirmed that proinsulin was stored as vacuoles in the cytoplasm of L02 cells.

CONCLUSIONA correctly mutated human proinsulin cDNA was obtained successfully, transfected and expressed efficiently in non-beta cells, lending support to the study of somatic gene therapy in diabetes mellitus.

Cell Line ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; DNA, Complementary ; genetics ; Fluorescent Antibody Technique ; Genetic Vectors ; genetics ; HeLa Cells ; Humans ; Insulin ; genetics ; metabolism ; Proinsulin ; genetics ; Radioimmunoassay ; Transfection

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the efficacy of combined modality treatment and determine the prognostic factors for small cell lung cancer (SCLC).

METHODSFrom January 1974 to December 1995, 1260 patients with SCLC treated were retrospectively evaluated, with limited lesions in 732 patients, extensive lesions in 500 and stage unrecorded in 28. 553 patients were alloted into chemotherapy + radiotherapy (C + R) group, 355 into C + R + C group, 97 into R + C group, 126 into C group, 64 into R group and 65 into surgery (S + C + R) group. Patients with limited lesions received 2 - 4 cycles of chemotherapy including COMC, COMP, COMVP and CE-CAP. Radiotherapy was given to a dose of 40 - 70 Gy/4 - 7 w. Radiation portals for patients with limited lesions encompassed the primary tumor, hilar lymphatic drainage areas, partial mediastinum and bilateral supraclavicular regions. Patients with extensive lesions mainly received chemotherapy with or without palliative irradiation.

RESULTSThe overall CR and PR rates were 26.7% and 52.3%. Local recurrence and distant metastasis rates were 58.8% and 61.5%. The 1-, 3- and 5-year survival rates were 50.2%, 14.7% and 11.7%, with median survival time of 12 months. The era, sex, age, tumor stage and treatment modality were all significant prognostic factors by both uni-variate and multi-variate analyses (P < 0.05). The result of S + C + R rated the best among these modalities and the result of C + R + C was superior to C + R, though the difference of which was not significant.

CONCLUSIONSurgical resection should be considered as one part of comprehensive therapy for small cell lung cancer patients with limited lesions whenever possible. On top of routine chemotherapy early administration of radiotherapy is advisable.

Adult ; Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols ; Carcinoma, Small Cell ; mortality ; therapy ; Combined Modality Therapy ; Female ; Humans ; Lung Neoplasms ; mortality ; therapy ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Radiotherapy ; Survival Rate ; Treatment Outcome

Gonorrhea, caused by Neisseria gonorrhoeae, is one of the most frequently reported infectious diseases. With the increasing antibiotic resistance in Neisseria gonorrhoeae, gonorrhea has become a major public health problem worldwide, making it imperative to develop a safe and effective vaccine. Lipooligosaccharides (LOS), which exist on the outer surface of gram-negative bacteria, contain many important antigenic determinants. In recent years, a large number of studies have shown that LOS may become the most potential target of Neisseria gonorrhoeae vaccine and immunotherapy. This article reviewed the structure of LOS, its role in Neisseria gonorrhoeae infection, research progress in LOS vaccine and the challenges faced in vaccine development, aiming to provide reference for further study.

Objective:To analyze the clinical characteristics and prognosis of patients infected with novel coronavirus Omicron variant in Shanghai, as to provide a reference for epidemic prevention, clinical diagnosis, and treatment.Methods:Altogether 4 264 novel coronavirus Omicron variant-infected patients with positive results of nucleic acid admitted to Shanghai New International Expo Center N3 Mobile Cabin Hospital from April 2 to May 7, 2022, were included. The demographic and baseline clinical characteristics, treatment strategy, prognosis, and different factors affecting the length of hospital stay were analyzed.Results:A total of 4 264 novel coronavirus variant Omicron-infected cases were collected, including 3 111 cases (73.0%) asymptomatic infections and 1 153 cases (27.0%) mild infections. The overall median age was 45 (33, 55) years old with a range from 2 years old to 81 years old. The male to female ratio was 1.37∶1. Altogether 3 305 cases (77.5%) had been vaccinated, of which 3 166 cases completed more than 2 doses. The upper respiratory tract symptoms such as cough and expectoration were the most common clinical manifestations of these infected patients. During the course of the disease, patients with asymptomatic infection were mainly treated with traditional Chinese medicine (TCM, 55.1%) and clinical observation (36.8%), and those with mild infection were mainly treated with TCM (42.2%) or integrated Chinese and Western medicine (30.4%). All patients were cured and discharged. The overall median length of hospital stay and the negative conversion time of nucleic acid were 9 (6, 10) days and 8 (5, 9) days, respectively. Compared with the asymptomatic infected patients, the hospitalization duration and the nucleic acid negative conversion time of the mildly infected patients were slightly longer [days: 10 (8, 11) vs. 9 (5, 10); 8 (6, 10) vs. 7 (4, 9), both P < 0.001]. Multiple linear regression analysis showed that the increasing age and mild infection were associated with longer hospitalization duration, and the treatment of TCM or integrated Chinese and Western medicine was associated with shortened length of hospital stay (all P < 0.05). Conclusions:The current novel coronavirus Omicron variant epidemic in Shanghai mainly caused asymptomatic and mild infections. The young and middle-aged population had a relatively high infection rate. The upper respiratory tract symptoms such as cough and expectoration were the most common clinical symptoms. Elderly and confirmed patients had prolonged hospitalization duration, while for patients receiving TCM treatment, the hospitalization duration was shortened.

Objective:To compare the clinical effects of minimally invasive reduction through a bone tunnel combined with Jail screwing and those of posterolateral locking plating in the treatment of simple posterolateral tibial plateau fractures.Methods:A retrospective analysis was conducted of the data of 48 patients who had been operatively treated and completely followed up at Department of Orthopedics, Suqian Hospital of Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Group for simple posterolateral tibial plateau fractures from October 2016 to October 2020. There were 26 males and 22 females, aged from 35 to 68 years. They were divided into a minimally invasive group (25 cases subjected to minimally invasive reduction through a bone tunnel combined with Jail screwing) and an incision group (23 cases subjected to posterolateral locking plating) according to their surgical methods. The operation time, incision length, intraoperative blood loss, fracture healing time, cumulative fluoroscopy time, hospital stay and posterior inclination angles of the tibial plateau and Hospital for Special Surgery (HSS) knee function scores at 1, 3, 6, 9, and 12 months after operation were compared between the 2 groups. Complications in the 2 groups of patients were recorded.Results:There was no significant difference in the preoperative general data between the 2 groups, showing comparability ( P>0.05). The 48 patients were followed up for 12 to 36 months (average 16.5 months). The minimally invasive group was significantly better than the incision group in operation time [(42.6±9.1) min versus (65.7±11.5) min], incision length [(4.0±0.4) cm versus (15.0±1.5) cm], intraoperative blood loss[(22.6±5.8) mL versus (31.5±8.8) mL], hospital stay [(7.6±1.4) d versus (11.1±2.4) d], and HSS score one month after operation [(84.8±1.9) points versus (72.9±4.1) points], but the cumulative fluoroscopy time in the incision group [(4.1±1.4) s]was significantly less than that in the minimally invasive group [(22.3±4.2) s] ( P<0.05). There were no significant differences in fracture healing time, HSS scores at 3, 6, 9, or 12 months after operation, or posterior inclination angle of the tibial plateau between the 2 groups ( P>0.05). There were no such complications as wound infection, vascular injury, internal fixation failure, nonunion or malunion of fractures in either of the 2 groups. Two cases in the incision group presented with symptoms of common peroneal nerve injury but recovered 3 months after operation. Conclusions:Although both minimally invasive reduction through a bone tunnel combined with Jail screwing and posterolateral locking plating can achieve satisfactory outcomes in the treatment of simple posterolateral tibial plateau fractures, the minimally invasive technique is preferable because it shows the advantages of a smaller incision, less bleeding, shorter operation time, a lower operation risk, quicker postoperative recovery and shorter hospital stay.

BACKGROUND: In China, lung cancer remains the cancer with the highest incidence and mortality rate. Among early-stage lung adenocarcinomas (LUAD), the micropapillary (MPP) component is prevalent and typically exhibits high aggressiveness, significantly correlating with early metastasis, lymphatic infiltration, and reduced five-year survival rates. Therefore, the study is to explore the similarities and differences between MPP and non-micropapillary (non-MPP) components in malignant pulmonary nodules characterized by GGOs in early-stage LUAD, identify unique mutational features of the MPP component and analyze the relationship between the ZNF469 gene, a member of the zinc-finger protein family, and the prognosis of early-stage LUAD, as well as its correlation with immune infiltration. METHODS: A total of 31 malignant pulmonary nodules of LUAD were collected and dissected into paired MPP and non-MPP components using microdissection. Whole-exome sequencing (WES) was performed on the components of early-stage malignant pulmonary nodules. Mutational signatures analysis was conducted using R packages such as maftools, Nonnegative Matrix Factorization (NMF), and Sigminer to unveil the genomic mutational characteristics unique to MPP components in invasive LUAD compared to other tumor tissues. Furthermore, we explored the expression of the ZNF469 gene in LUAD using The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database to investigate its potential association with the prognosis. We also investigated gene interaction networks and signaling pathways related to ZNF469 in LUAD using the GeneMANIA database and conducted Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analysis. Lastly, we analyzed the correlation between ZNF469 gene expression and levels of immune cell infiltration in LUAD using the TIMER and TISIDB databases. RESULTS: MPP components exhibited a higher number of genomic variations, particularly the 13th COSMIC (Catalogue of Somatic Mutations in Cancer) mutational signature characterized by the activity of the cytidine deaminase APOBEC family, which was unique to MPP components compared to non-MPP components in tumor tissues. This suggests the potential involvement of APOBEC in the progression of MPP components in early-stage LUAD. Additionally, MPP samples with high similarity to APOBEC signature displayed a higher tumor mutational burden (TMB), indicating that these patients may be more likely to benefit from immunotherapy. The expression of ZNF469 was significantly upregulated in LUAD compared to normal tissue, and was associated with poor prognosis in LUAD patients (P<0.05). Gene interaction network analysis and GO/KEGG enrichment analysis revealed that COL6A1, COL1A1, COL1A2, TGFB2, MMP2, COL8A2 and C2CD4C interacted with ZNF469 and were mainly involved in encoding collagen proteins and participating in the constitution of extracellular matrix. ZNF469 expression was positively correlated with immune cell infiltration in LUAD (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS The study has unveiled distinctive mutational signatures in the MPP components of early-stage invasive LUAD in the Asian population. Furthermore, we have identified that the elevated expression of mutated ZNF469 impacts the prognosis and immune infiltration in LUAD, suggesting its potential as a diagnostic and prognostic biomarker in LUAD.
Humans ; Lung Neoplasms/genetics* ; Adenocarcinoma of Lung/genetics* ; China ; Prognosis ; Transcription Factors