To evaluate effects and mechanism of Captopril on BP of 2 -kidney, 1 -clip reno-vascular hypertensive rats ( 2K1C - RHR ), Platelets cytosolic free calcium, concentration ([Ca2+]i) and platelets aggregation (PAg) are measured. The results are as follows: [Ca2+ ]; and PAg increase significantly (P

Forkhead box A1 (FOXA1) is expressed in various organs,including breast,liver,pancreas,bladder,prostate,colon,ovary,lung and esophagus.The FOXA1 expression is associated with the growth and carcinogenesis of these organs.It is recently demonstrated FOXA1 plays a significant role in different biological processes including cell proliferation,differentiation,devolopment,carcinogenesis and the process of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) etc.Its expression is positively correlated with ER and PR expression,and it is demonstrate to be one of the most important favorate prognostic factors of breast cancer.

Objective To investigate the tracking neurofibra pathway from the hippocamlpal neurons to septal nucleus,and to explore the effects and mechanisms of ghrelin on the learning and memory in septal nucleus lesion rats.Methods Retrogradely tracing method was used to observe Fluorogold (FG) reaching sites in hippocampus.The septal nucleus was destructed by direct current using stereotactic technique.Step-down test and morris water maze were used to test the effects of learning and memory ability by means of microinjecting ghrelin into hippocampal CA1 area in rats.Results After injection of FG into septal nucleus,retrogradely labeled neurons and neurofibra were found in the hippocampal neurons with FG.Ghrelin injection of hippocampal CAI area could promoter learning and memory ability in rats.It showed that the escaped latent period was significantly lengthened ( (3.2 ± 0.9) s vs (6.9 ± 1.1 ) s,P ＜ 0.05) and the wrong numbers in 5 min were obviously decreased in escape response test; and the latency of looking for the plat was significantly shorter in morris water maze test ( 1.8 ±0.4vs 0.8 ± 0.1,P ＜ 0.05 ).However the effects above-mentioned on learning and memory was significantly weak after septal nucleus lesioning.It showed that the escaped latent period was markedly shortened ( ( 19.5 ±3.2)s vs ( 10.5 ± 2.1 ) s,P ＜ 0.05 ) and the wrong numbers in 5 min were obviously increased ( ( 3.9 ± 0.8 ) s vs ( 1.8 ±0.5 ) s,P＜0.05 ) in escape response test.The latency of looking for the plat was significantly lengthened in morris water maze (P＜0.05).Conclusion Ghrelin could elevate the learning and memory ability in hippocampus,and the effects may be related to the septal-hippecampus pathway.

Objective To summarize the treatment experiences in patients with cardiac surgery-associated acute kidney injury (CSA-AKI). Methods The clinical data of 9 patients with acute renal injury after orthotopic heart transplantation in our hospital from January 2009 to July 2016 were retrospectively analyzed. Three patients were required the high-dose diuretics (furosemide, >80 mg/d) and six patients were received continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT). The levels of serum creatinine (Cr) and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) were compared before and after heart transplantation and after the treatment of AKI. The quality of life was observed in patients in perioperative period. Results After the treatment of diuretics or CRRT, patients showed renal function recovery with significant decreased Cr levels and increased eGFR compared with the postoperation. The patients with diuretic therapy revealed a better eGFR recovery than those with CRRT. Conclusion CSA-AKI should be based on the severity of disease, and comprehensive treatment should be taken to reduce renal damage.

Objective To investigate the therapeutic effect of ciprofloxacin (Cipro) conjugated with 11 poly-arginine peptide (R11) on rabbit model with bacterial cystitis (BC). Methods 50 New Zealand rabbits of 4-month old were chosen to establish the models and evenly divided into 5 groups randomly : Group A: normal control; Group B: intravesical instillation (II) of R11; Group C: II of Cipro; Group D: II of R11-Cipro; Group E: intravenous injection of Cipro. Several parameters were observed which included: urinary frequency, positive rate of urine culture, histopathological analysis of cystitis stained with hematoxylin and eosin. Results Severe inflammatory responses and massive infiltration of inflammatory cells were observed after the models were established. R11-Cipro group was better than intravenous injection of Cipro group in treating cystitis (P < 0.05). R11-Cipro group was better than the other four groups in urinary frequency and urine culture. Conclusions Intravesical instillation of R11-Cipro demonstrated significant therapeutic effect on bacterial cystitis. R11 , as an efficient vector, could deliver specific antibiotics to bladder mucosa precisely and function well locally.

BACKGROUND:The repair method of proximal humeral comminuted fractures in the elderly remains controversial. OBJECTIVE:To compare the recovery of shoulder joint function using the hemiarthroplasty of shoulder and locking proximal humeral plate fixation for complex proximal humeral fracture in the elderly. METHODS:A total of 22 elderly patients with complex proximal humeral fracture, who were treated from October 2012 to October 2014, were retrospectively analyzed. 12 cases underwent hemiarthroplasty, and 10 cases received locking proximal humeral plate fixation. Al patients were folowed up after treatment. X-ray films were rechecked during the folow-up. The recovery of shoulder function was evaluated with Neer score. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:During final folow-up, no prosthetic loosening or avascular necrosis of humeral head was found in the shoulder hemiarthroplasty group, and the Neer score was (81±5) points. In the locking proximal humeral plate fixation group, there was fixator loosening in four cases and avascular necrosis of humeral head in three cases, and the Neer score was (69±5) points (P < 0.05). During repair, mean operation time was shorter in the shoulder hemiarthroplasty group than in the locking proximal humeral plate fixation group. The amount of bleeding was higher in the shoulder hemiarthroplasty group than in the locking proximal humeral plate fixation group (P > 0.05). These data suggest that locking proximal humeral plate fixation and shoulder hemiarthroplasty are effective repair methods for complex proximal humerus fractures, but the hemiarthroplasty had the advantage of early functional exercise and good recovery of shoulder joint.

Objective To study the application of coronary endarterectomy (CE) in coronary artery bypass graft (CABG), and to evaluate the effect of CE plus CABG on patients with chronic total occlusion (CTO) combined with diffuse distal atherosclerosis. Methods Thirty one patients, who underwent coronary endarterectomy in our institution between Oc-tober 2009 and October 2012, were reviewed retrospectively and compared the control group with 31 patients of their age, sex, LV function, and angina class. Results Among the 31 patients, 27 patients underwent one, 4 patient underwent two coronary arteries endarterectomized. Of all these 35 total endarterectomies, 13 (37%) were at left anterior descending artery, 3(9%) were at branches of the circumflex artery, and 19 (54%) involved the right coronary artery. There was no statistical dif-ference between two groups in clinical parameters including aorta cross time, cardiopulmonary bypass time, graft runoff, pul-sation index and mechanism ventilate time (P>0.05). There was no perioperative myocardial infarctions in CE group nor in control group. All patients were followed up and no recurrent angina were present in CE group. In CE group, one patient died of fungal pneumonia and heart failure half a year after operation. Conclusion In current cardiac surgical practice, coronary endarterectomy is an indispensable adjunct to CABG. The operative mortality and major morbidity were comparable or simi-lar to coronary artery bypass grafting, but its short-term and medium-term results were more favorable than to CABG.

BACKGROUND:Studies about low-frequency pulsed electromagnetic fields interfering with bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells proliferation and differentiation are many, but the Raman spectra of single stem cells irradiated in electromagnetic fields analyzed by surface Raman spectroscopy analysis are rarely reported. OBJECTIVE:To compare the difference in Raman spectra of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells with or with no irradiation of 3 000 Hz pulsed electromagnetic fields. METHODS:Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells isolated from Sprague-Dawley rats were cultured and identified. Passage 3 cells were inoculated into 6-wel plates and divided into two groups:pulsed electromagnetic field irradiation group and blank control group. After cultured for 7 days, cells in the two groups were transferred to physiological saline, and 30 cells were randomly col ected from each group. Four Raman spectra were harvested from each celland the average relative intensity of Raman spectra was calculated and compared between two groups. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:There were the same Raman peaks in the two groups, and the waveforms were basical y same in the two group based on the curve mapping by origin 7.0 software. The peak value in the irradiation group was decreased compared with the blank control group. Laser optical tweezers Raman spectroscopy can be applied to study the biochemical changes of a single stem cellat the molecular level. The Raman spectra of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells irradiated by 3 000 Hz pulsed electromagnetic fields differ from those without irradiation, and the peak also lowered after irradiation.

Objective To investigate the effects and mechanisms of valproic acid on brain edema,neurobehavioral outcome and inflammatory response after traumatic brain injury (TBI) in rats.Methods TBI animal models were established using Feeney's method.Fifty-four SD male rats,weighting 220-250 g,were randomly divided into 3 groups (n =18):sham operation group (group sham),traumatic brain injury group (group TBI) and valproic acid treatment group (group TBI + VPA).Experimental rats were treated with valproic acid (300 mg/kg,twice daily) by intraperitoneal injection.Rat behavioral outcomes were measured by modified neurologic severity score (mNSS) tests at day 1,3,and 7 after TBI.Brain water content was measured with wet-dry weight method.The blood cells infiltration into cerebral cortex were tested with immunohistochemistry staining against ED-1 for macrophage.Inflammatory cytokines (INF-γ,tumor necrosis factor-α,interleukin-6) were measured by Western blotting.The statistical analysis were performed by ANOVA and chi-square tests using the statistical software program SPSS 13.0.Results Compared with the Sham group,the levels of brain edema,mNSS and macrophage cell infiltration were significantly increased after TBI (all P =0.00).The expressions of inflammatory cytokines were also increased significantly (all P =0.00).Compared with the TBI group,TBI + VAP group had significantly lower brain water content[3day:(80.12 ±0.59)％ vs.(82.14 ±0.67)％,P=0.04;7day:(74.74 ±0.72)％ vs.(77.93 ±0.48)％,P=0.01],and mNSS scores [3 day:(10.53 ±0.32) vs.(11.74 ±0.48),P =0.02;7 day:(7.97 ± 0.32) vs.(10.73 ± 0.42),P =0.01].VPA suppressed macrophage cell infiltration into cerebral cortex [(36.44 ± 0.72) ％ vs.(25.93 ± 0.48) ％ P =0.00].Meanwhile,VPA inhibited the expressions of inflammatory cytokines (INF-γ,TNF-α,IL-6) (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions Treatment with VPA markedly reduced brain edema and improved neurological outcomes after TBI,possibly mediated by inhibited TBI-induced cerebral inflammatory responses and macrophage cell infiltrating into cerebral cortex.

The incidence of dextrocardia is lower. The dextrocardia is often associated with congenital anatomical abnormalities. The patient with normal cardiac structure of dextrocardia and severe coronary heart disease that needs coronary artery bypasss is rarer. This article summarizes the perioperative management and surgical experience of dextrocardia with bypass surgery via a clinical case.