OBJECTIVE To study the synergism of imipenem(IMP) combined with azithromyicn(AZM) in the treatment of infection associated with Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm.METHODS The inhibitory activity of AZM to glycocalyx(GLX) production was detected with the L-tryptophan method.Viable counts in biofilms treated with AZM combined with IMP were detected with the methyl thiazolyl diphenyltetrazolium(MTT) method in vitro.The tissue cage method was used to establish the animal model of local P.aeruginosa biofilm infection and the synergism of IMP combined with AZM was also studied in vivo.RESULTS AZM could inhibit the production of GLX.When IMP was combined with 1/4MIC or 1/16MIC of AZM viable counts in biofilms were less than they were when IMP was given alone in vitro.When AZM and IMP were administered at the same time viable counts in tissue cage fluids were also less than they were when IMP was administered alone in vivo.CONCLUSIONS AZM could enhance the antibacterial activity of IMP in the treatment of infection associated with biofilm.

OBJECTIVE To establish a rat model of pulmonary infection by inoculating Pseudomonas aeruginosa to Sprague-Dawley(SD) rats and evaluate it.METHODS Two hundred SD rats were divided into 2 groups: the P.aeruginosa group and the control group,P.aeruginosa was embedded in minute seaweed alginate beads by an ejection set with an acuminate hole.Then the beads were inoculated into the rats′ lung through tracheal intubation.RESULTS The bacteriological values: P.aeruginosa was detected from rats of infected groups.Bacterial number was higher than 105CFU/g 3 and 7 days after infection and higher than 103CFU/g 14 and 28 days after infection.The pathological changes showed: 3 and 7 days after infection,lung abscess,edema,and consolidation could be seen from lungs of infected groups.At optical microscopy,alginateP.aeruginosa caused a pronounced inflammatory reaction with polymorphonuclear cells surrounding a bead.Fourteen and 28 days after infection,fibrinous adhesions and granulomas became the major pathological changes.CONCLUSIONS The animal model of pulmonary infection can be established by inoculating P.aeruginosa embedded in minute seaweed alginate beads made by an ejection set with an acuminate hole to SD rats.

Objective To establish a rat model of chronic pulmonary infection by inoculating Pseudomonas aeruginosa to Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats, and to evaluate the animal model with bacteriological and pathological stndies. Methods 240 healthy, clean SD rats were randomly divided into 2 groups: the infected group and the control group. Pseudomonas aeruginosa were embedded in minute seaweed alginate beads using an ejection set with an acuminate hole. Then the beads were inoculated into the rats′ lung through tracheal intubation. The bacteria number in the lung and pathological scores were determined 3, 7, 14 and 35 days after inoculation. The control group was treated with the same method using the sterile normal saline instead of the bacteria suspension. Results Bacteriological values: no bacterium was detected in the control group. Pseudomonas aeruginosa was detected from the rats of infected group in which the bacterial number was up over 105cfu/g at 3 and 7 days after infection, and up over 103cfu/g at 14 and 35 days after infection. Pathological changes: at 3 and 7 days after infection, lung edema, consolidation and hemorrhage could be seen in rat lungs of the infected group. Under the optical microscope, alginate-Pseudomonas aeruginosa caused a pronounced inflammatory reaction with polymorphonuclear cells surrounding beads, and microcolonies formed at the periphery of beads were also seen. Atelectasis and fibrosis and granalation were the major pathological changes at 14 and 35 days after infection. While in the control group, there were little changes after the inoculation except mild congestion and inflammatory reaction in the lungs 3 days after inoculation. Conclusion The rat model of chronic pulmonary infection can be reproduced by inoculating Pseudomonas aeruginosa embedded in minute seaweed alginate beads.

OBJECTIVE:To determine the content of plumbm(Pb) and cadmium(Cd) in the roots of Arachniodes exilis.ME-THODS:The samples were treated with microwave digestion.Graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry was adopted for the content determination of Pb and Cd in samples.RESULTS:The contents of Pb and Cd were 2.209 mg?kg-1 and 0.215 mg?kg-1 in the roots of A.exilis.CONCLUSION:Harmful heavy metals have been detected in the roots of A.exilis,which is in line with the limitation stated in the Green Trade Standard for Medicinal Plant and Preparations.This method is simple,accurate and reliable for the content determination of practical samples.

AIM:To investigate the relationship between the thrombin-activatable fibrinolysis inhibitor (TAFI) level in plasma and atherosclerosis, the TAFI level in plasma and blood fat and blood clotting index.METHODS: Totally 40 healthy male Wistar rats were randomly divided into 4 groups (n=10), control group, high lipid group, high lipid +vitamin D3 overload group, and high lipid +vitamin D3+endothelium injure group by treating the animals with normal diet, high lipid, high lipid+ vitamin D overload, and high lipid+vitamin D overload+endothelium injury, respectively, for inducing three stages of AS in rats. Then, the total cholesterol (TC), total triglyeride (TG), high density lipoprotein (HDL), low density lipoprotein (LDL), and prothrombin time (PT), activated partial thromboplasin time (APTT), fibrinogen (Fib), the activity of TAFI were measured.RESULTS: TC, TG, LDL-C, Fib and the activity level of TAFI in plasma in three model groups increased gradually compared with the control (P

Objective To investigate the predictive value of serum lactate combined with PIRO (Predisposition,Infection,Response and Organ dysfunction) score in the development of multiple organs dysfunction syndrome (MODS) in septic patients and to study procalcitonin (PCT),in order to provide guidelines for clinical care.Methods From April 2015 to July 2016,a total of 752 sepsis patients were enrolled and divided into MODS group (n =488) and non-MODS group (n =264) according to the criteria of MODS.At 28 d after admission,these patients were divided into survival group (n =477) and death group (n =275).PCT and lactate levels in serum were measured,and PIRO score of these patients was calculated.Then the differences in levels of PCT and lactate in serum were compared among patients at different PIRO score categories.ROC was constructed to observe the clinical values of the biomarkers,PIRO score and lactate combined with PIRO score in predicting prognosis.Result PCT,lactate levels in serum and PIRO score were significantly higher in MODS group and death group,showing significant positive correlation.The areas under ROC curves (AUCs) of serum lactate combined with PIRO score for predicting MODS were 0.906,which was significantly higher than that of serum PCT (0.716),serum lactate (0.851) and PIRO score (0.840) alone (all P ＜ 0.05).Serum PCT,serum lactate and PIRO score were the independent predictors of MODS.Conclusions Serum lactate in combination with PIRO score was a valuable indicator in predicting development of MODS in septic patients.

Environmental Exposure ; adverse effects ; Humans ; Ivermectin ; analogs & derivatives ; toxicity

Objective To reveal the differences in clinical characteristics between health care associated pneumonia (HCAP) and community acquired pneumonia (CAP) in elderly patients.Methods A total of 282 elderly patients were evaluated,including 69 patients with HCAP (25.5％) and 213 with CAP (75.5％).A retrospective observational study was conducted.The baseline characteristics,comorbidities,pathogen distribution,antibiotics,and clinical outcomes between HCAP and CAP patients were compared.Results The incidence of chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases and cerebrovascular diseases were higher in HCAP group (49 cases,71.0％; 36 cases,52.2％) than in CAP group (93 cases,43.7％; 57 cases,26.8％) (x2 =15.598,15.229,all P＜0.001).The infection of Pseudomonas aeruginosa (29 cases,51.8％),Staphylococcus aureus (19cases,34.0％) and Acinetobacter baumannii (18 cases,32.1％) in HCAP group were more than in CAP group [(26 cases,27.7％),(12 cases,2.8％),(8 cases,8.5％),(x2 =8.796,9.586,13.678,all P＜0.05)],respectively.While the infection of Streptococcus pneumoniae (38 cases,40.4％) in CAP group was much more than in HCAP group (4 cases,7.1％)(x2 =19.283,P＜0.001).Initial inappropriate antibiotics treatment failure was more frequent in HCAP group (24 cases,34.8％) than in CAP group (37 cases,17.3％)(x2=9.321,P＜0.05).The mortality was higher in HCAP group (19 cases,27.5％) than in CAP group (29 cases,13.6％)(x2 =7.151,P＜0.05).Conclusions HCAP should be distinguished from CAP in elderly,which is helpful to choose appropriate empirical anti-infective regimen and improve the effect of HCAP treatment.

1%. During the latent TB screening, agreement between tests was low (Kappa=0.07, P<0.01), but T-SPOT. TB is not affected by BCG vaccination, indicated its better specificity for screening latent TB than that of TST.

Objective To study the impact of depression disorder in patients after coronary stent implantation on incidence rate of in-stent restenosis (ISR) in the coronary heart disease( CHD ), and its possible pathophysiological mechanisms. Methods According to the Hamilton Depression Scale (HAMD-24) and Self-rating Depression Scale(SDS) score,95 patients with unstable angina received coronary drug-eluting stent implantation combined with depression disorder were serve as the study group; randomly selecte 246 cases without depression due to unstable angina pectoris after coronary stent implantation as the control group in the same period. The incidence rate of ISR in these two group were observed, and serum aldosterone ( ALD), high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) ,Leptin levels in two groups were compared. Results The incidence rate of ISR in study group were significantly higher than that of the control group (28/95 vs 46/246, P＜0. 05). Following with the aggravation of depression disorder,the incidence rate of ISR were elevated( χ2 =8. 148, P=0.017). Serum ALD,hs-CRP and Leptin levels of study group were significantly higher than the control group 7 days later after drug-eluting stent implantation ( ALD:277.4 ± 35.9 vs 258.9 ± 60.9, t= 3. 459, P= 0. 001; hs-CRP: 12.03 ± 3.06 vs 11.10 ±2. 806, t = 2.573, P = 0.008; Leptin:5.27 t 1.07 vs 4.98 ± 0.99, t= 2.323, P= 0.021 ). Pearson correlation analysis showed that its HAMA-24 score was positively correlated with serum ALD ,hs-CRP and Leptin( r=0.291,P=0.026; r=0.350, P=0.014; r=0. 312, P=0.023) ,and SDS score was positively correlated with hs-CRP( r=0. 302, P= 0. 020). Conclusion Serum ALD, hs-CRP and Leptin levels are higher in patients after coronary stent implantation combined with depression in patients, and the incidence rate of ISR is also higher in these patients, and the rates are elevated according to the aggravation of depression disorder.