Objectives To study the relationship between serum vitamin D and type 2 diabetes.Methods By randomly stratified sampling,589 volunteers were enrolled into this study.The volunteers were classified into diabetic and non-diabetic group according to the results of fasting plasma glucose or oral glucose tolerance test.The serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels were detected in 249 samples.The binary logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the relationship between diabetes and its related factors.The 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels in different age stage were analyzed by Cox-Staurt trend test.The odds ratios and 95％ confidence interval of diabetes were calculated respectively according to quartiles of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D.Results The 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels were insufficient in some extent in all age sections of volunteers.Adjusting for age,HOMA-IR,BMI,odds ratios for diabetes varied inversely across quartiles of 25-hydroxyvitamin D in a dose-dependent pattern ( r =-0.9271,P ＜0.01 ).When serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels were above 94.6 nmol/L,the odds ratio of diabetes was significantly reduced [OR=0.52,95％ CI (0.23 ～0.78),P ＜0.01 ].Conclusions The serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D level was negative related with type 2 diabetes.The decreased serum levels 25-hydroxyvitamin D increased onset risk of diabetes.

Background and purpose:Nasopharyngeal carcinoma is sensitive with radiotherapy, and it is of great signiifcance to study the resistance mechanism. This study aimed to analyze the expression of TNFAIP3 in the radiotherapy of nasopharyngeal carcinoma, the difference between radiosensitivity and radioresistance, the relationship with the occurrence and development of radioresistance.Methods:Detection of TNFAIP3 mRNA expression was carried out by TNFAIP3 multi-point labeled DIG probein situ hybridization.Results:In radiosensitivity and radioresistance of nasopharyngeal carcinoma, the moderately and strongly positive TNFAIP3 mRNA expression rates were 15% and 45%, (χ2=5.274,P=0.021 6), there were statistical significance. In the radioresistat nasopharyngeal carcinoma, TNFAIP3 mRNA moderately and strongly positive expression was positively correlated with TNM stage. In the degree ofⅢ-Ⅳ tumor, it had moderately and strongly positive expression rate of 48.28%.In the degree ofⅠ-Ⅱtumor, it had moderately and strongly positive expression rate of 36.36% (χ2=33.240,P<0.005); The expression rates in distant metastasis and no distant metastasis were 81.81% and 31.03% (χ2=6.385,P=0.011 5), the difference had statistical signiifcance.Conclusion:TNFAIP3 has antitumor effect, and it is correlated with the occurrence and development of radioresistant in nasopharyngeal carcinoma.

The set up of Interactive digital microscopy laboratory is the first leap of a mod-ern mode of teaching microscopic morphology,which has caused the tremendous changes in teaching experimental histology and embryology.Compared with the traditional teaching mode,it has made the histology and embryology experimental teaching efficient,improved the training of students'ability levels and strengthened students graphics capabilities,which is an important part of experimental teaching in histology and embryology.

AIM: To study the effect of calories restriction on endoplasmic reticulum(ER) chaperone protein 78-kD glucose regulated protein(GRP78) mRNA expression in the liver of high fat diet rats,in order to explore the mechanism of how calories restriction improves insulin resistance.METHODS: Wistar rats(n=24) were randomly divided into 3 groups: normal chow(NC) group,was fed free normal chow(18.94% of calories as fat) for 12 weeks;high fat group(HF) was fed high fat diet(50.55% of calories as fat) for 12 weeks;calories restriction group(CR) was fed high fat diet for 8 weeks at first,then given 50% of diet consumed by the same age NC group.Changes of body weight,height,and food intake were recorded.At the end of experiment,HOMAIR,the rate of visceral fat(including perirenal fat and epididymal fat) vs weight,plasma protein,blood lipid(including total cholesterol and triglyceride),hepatic GRP78 mRNA and hepatic histological changes(including light microscopic studies and electron microscopic studies) were detected.RESULTS:(1) Animals in HF group had an obviously elevation of fasting insulin(27.51?3.51) mU/L vs(15.46?2.25) mU/L,triglyceride(1.35?0.25) mmol/L vs(0.67?0.10) mmol/L,total cholesterol(2.59?0.34) mmol/L vs(1.41?0.28) mmol/L and insulin resistance index HOMAIR(5.85?0.23 vs 2.85?0.60) compared with NC group,and also had obviously lipid accumulations in the liver.(2) After calories restriction,all the abnormal elevated biochemical indicators were decreased to normal levels,the hepatic lipid accumulations were also improved.(3) The changes of liver ultrastructure in HF group showed rough endoplasmic reticulum enlargement,fragmentation,taking off grain,and with glycogen solution.The changes in CR group were nearly the same as those in NC group.(4) High fat diet induced the expression of GRP78 mRNA, calories restriction might reverse it.CONCLUSION: Reasonable food calories restriction is a good method to improve insulin resistance,partly due to improvement of endoplasmic reticulum stress in liver.

Objective: To study the effect of catch up growth after semistarvation on insulin resistance in rats. Methods: Wistar rats (n=40) were randomly divided into 5 groups: normal chow group (NC given diet with 18.94% of calories as fat for 12 w); high fat group (HF, given diet with 50.55% of calories as fat for 12 w); food restriction group (FR, 50% of their normal spontaneous food for 4 w); refeeding normal chow group (RN, after 4 w semistarvation, given normal diet for another 8 w ); refeeding high fat diet group (RH, after 4 w semistavation, given high fat diet for 8 w). Changes of body weight, height, and food intake were recorded. At the end of experiment, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMAIR), the rate of abdominal fat (including perirenal fat and epididymal fat) vs weight, plasm protein, blood lipid (including total cholesterol and triglyceride) were detected. Results: There were 82.5% rats getting catch-up growth in refeeding groups. Body weight of both refeeding groups could not catch that of NC group, but the rate of visceral fat vs weight was higher than that of NC group, and this rate of RH group was close to that of HF group. The changes of visceral fat vs body weight were consistent with that of TG levels. All nutritional status except high fat diet could not influence total cholesterol levels. RH and RN group’s HOMAIR were higher than those of NC group and HF group. All groups have similar fastingglucose levels. Conclusion: Catch-up growth can induce insulin resistance, but is not consistent with fat accumulation and hypertriglyceridemia in rats.

Objective To comparative analyze the influence factors of short-term (6 months) and long-term (10 years) prognosis in patients with HBV-related acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF),and to provide some reference values on clinic therapy and follow-up management.Methods The data of 524 hospitalized patients with ACLF from January 2001 to December 2009 were analyzed retrospectively.The follow-up termination time was December 2013.Patients were all given internal medical therapy,and were given antiviral therapy with nucleoside and nucleotide analogs (NAs) (yes/no) and plasma exchange in artificial liver support system (yes/no) according to the patient's informed choice.The method of Cox regression analysis was used to analyze the short-term prognostic factors and long-term prognosis factors of ACLF.Results The short-term prognosis factors in patients with ACLF were MELD scores,ages,percentage of neutrophils,hepatic encephalopathy,whether to apply NAs or not,HBV DNA levels,times of plasma exchange in artificial liver support system,cholinesterase levels and total bilirubin levels in turn (P ＜0.05).The long-term prognosis factors were ages,whether to apply NAs or not,MELD scores,cholinesterase levels,concomitant infection,white blood cell counts,gender and hepatic encephalopathy in turn (P ＜ 0.05),and antiviral therapy with NAs was a time-dependent independent prognostic factor.Conclusions There are some differences between the short-term prognosis factors and the long-term prognosis factors in patients with ACLF.We should give antiviral therapy with NAs,measures to improve liver function,preventions and treatments of infection and hepatic encephalopathy and other complications from early-stage to long-term follow-up managements.And in early-stage of ACLF we should also give the treatment with artificial liver support system.