Objective To discuss the hemodynamics and treatment of silent patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) Methods The heart catheterizations were performed in seven silent PDA patients Results The mean pulmonary artery pressure of seven patients was (16?2 4) mm?Hg The mean Qp/Qs was 1 08?0 02 The mean size of the left right shunt was (0 32?0 08) L/min The proportion of left right shunt size in pulmonary blood flow was 0 098?0 024 on average The mean PDA at its narrowest segment was (0 9?0 2) mm We performed neither surgery nor interventional treatment in all patients In 9 5 months follow up (clinical findings, electrocardiography, echocardiography), no atrioventricular chambers enlargement, pulmonary hypertension, infective endoarteritis and infective endocarditis happened Conclusion In silent PDA patients, there is less size of left right shunt and smaller effect on hemodynamics Its treatment with surgical and interventional closure is under discussion

Objective To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of transcatheter closure of membranous ventricular septal defect (MVSD) using Amplatzer membranous VSD occluder (AMVSO). Methods The patients, who were clinically diagnosed with VSD were recommended for further transthoracic echocardiographic assessment using multiple standard views. If there were left to right shunts across ventricular septum, the margin of defects to the aortic valve was more than 1mm and that to tricuspid valve was more than 3 mm. If there was an aneurysm, it should not interfere with the function of outlet of right ventricule. Finally, if the diameter of VSDs wasless than 14mm, catheter closure of VSDs was suggested in these patients. The patients, having residual shunt after surgical closure of VSD, were included. All procedures were performed under local or general anesthesia. Transthorac echocardiography and X ray were used continuously to monitor the procedure. Transthoracic echocardiography was performed immediately after the release of devices, 24 hours, and 3 months after the procedure, respectively.Results From June 2002 to March 2003, 32 consecutive patients (15 females), underwent transcatheter closure of MVSD. The mean diameters of VSDs measured by echocardiography was 5.1 mm (3～8 mm) and, while that by angiography was 4.4 mm (3～8 mm). The mean size of the occluder was 7.6 mm(4～12 mm). The successful rate of device implantation was 100% (32/32). The residual shunt immediately after the closure was 11.5%, whereas after 24 hours it was only 7.7%, which was not serious. After 3 months′ follow-up, only 3.8% trivial residual shunt existed. No death occurred during and after the procedure. Atrial tachycardia, ventricular tachycardia, and bundle (right and left bundle) branch block, which was considered to relate to catheter manipulation inside the chamber of ventricle, were common and transient. One aortic regurgitation and tricuspid insufficiency became severe after the procedure, but they were not serious. One patient developed III degree A-V block 24 hours after the procedure, and EKG became LBBB 3 days after the temporary pace making. Hemolysis was observed in one patient, and he recovered 7days after the medication therapy. Conclusion Transthoracic echocardiography was very much effective in catheter closure of MVSD. The asymmetric self-expanding nitinol double-disc Amplatzer device designed for the transcatheter closure of MVSD is implanted easily and stably. Due to low ratio of residual shunt and few serious complications, the Amplatzer device is a good choice for the transcatheter closure of MVSD.

Objective To evaluate the effect of transcatheter closure of perimembranous ventricular septal defect (PMVSD) with symmetric ventricular septal occluder (SVSO). Methods Sixty-three patients with UCG confirmed PMVSD underwent transcatheter closure with SVSO. Results The implantation was successful in 58 patients (93.0%). The mean PMVSD diameter was 5.1?1.9 mm by angiography. The distance from the aortic valve to the rim of PMVSD was 2.7?1.0 mm and the mean size of SVSO was 7.2?2.1 mm. There was no residual shunt in 55 patients (94.8%) right after the deployment of SVSO. Arrhythmia was recorded in 15 patients (23.8%) during or after the procedure. New aortic regurgitation was observed in one patient after the implantation SVSO. Two patients developed myocardium injury and one patient developed obstruction of right ventricular outflow tract. Dislocation of the device was found in one patient. During the follow-up of 3 to 12 (means 7.4?2.7) months, no residual shunt, displacement or rupture of divices and endocarditis happened. Conclusion Transcatheter closure of PMVSD using SVSO is safe and effective, meanwhite attention should be paid to the complications such as arrhythmias.

Objective To evaluate the effects of FTY720 pretreatment on lung injury induced by limb ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) in rats.Methods Thirty healthy male Sprague-Dawley rats,weighing 230-260 g,were divided into 3 groups (n=10 each) using a random number table:sham operation group (group S),I/R group and FTY720 group (group F).Bilateral hind limb I/R was induced by applying rubber band tourniquet high around each thigh for 3 h followed by 3 h of reperfusion.FTY720 was given by intragastric gavage at 3 mg · kg-1 · d-1 for 7 consecutive days before I/R in group F,while the equal volume of normal saline was given instead in group I/R.At the end of reperfusion,blood samples were collected from the carotid artery for blood gas analysis,and oxygenation index (OI) was calculated.The rats were then sacrificed and lungs removed for examination of pathological changes (with light microscope) and for determination of apoptosis rate (using flow cytometry) and expression of CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein homologous protein (CHOP),caspase-12,c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK),Bcl-2 and Bax protein in lung tissues (using Western blot).Bax/Bcl-2 ratio was calculated.Results Compared with group S,OI was significantly decreased in group I/R,and apoptosis rate was increased,the expression of CHOP,caspase-12,JNK and Bax protein was up-regulated,and the expression of Bcl-2 was down-regulated,and Bax/Bcl-2 ratio was increased in I/R and F groups (P＜0.05).Compared with group I/R,OI was significantly increased,apoptosis rate was decreased,the expression of caspase-12,CHOP,Bax and JNK protein was down-regulated,and the expression of Bcl-2 was up-regulated,and Bax/Bcl-2 ratio was decreased in group F (P＜0.05).The pathological changes of lungs were significantly attenuated in group F as compared with group I/R.Conclusion FTY720 pretreatment can attenuate lung injury induced by limb I/R in rats,and the mechanism may be related to inhibition of endoplasmic reticulum stress-related cell apoptosis.

Objective To study the effects of FTY720 pretreatment on ventilator-induced lung injury (VILI) in rats in order to explore the role of sphingosine-l-phosphate receptor 1 (S1PR1).Methods Forty healthy adult male SD rats weighing 300-350 g were randomly (randlom number) divided into 4 groups (n=10 each):group CV (conventional tidal volume VT =8 mL/kg),group HV (high tidal volume VT =40 mL/kg),group HF and group HFW.The rats in group HF received intra-gastric administration of FTY720 10 mg · kg-1 · d-1 for 7 days,while additional dose of W146 (S1PR1 antagonist) 1 mg · kg-1 · d-1 was administrated in group HFW before high tidal volume ventilation.After 4-hour mechanical ventilation,arterial blood samples were obtained for blood gas analysis before the animals were sacrificed.The lungs were harvested for histopathologic observation.Apoptosis rate in lung tissue was determined with flow cytometry.W/D lung weight ratio,pulmonary permeability index (PPI),total protein,and TNF-α,IL-1β in bronchoaveolar lavage fluid (BALF) were measured.All data were analyzed by oneway analysis of variance (ANOVA),The intergroup comparisons were analyzed by the least-significantdifference (LSD) test by using SPSS version 20.0 software.Differences were considered statistically significant if P ＜ 0.05.Results Compared with group CV,the level of PaO2 [(73.6 ± 8.9) vs.(50.5 ± 6.0)] was decreased,the levels of W/D [(3.12 ± 0.27) vs.(5.12 ± 0.56)],PPI [(0.08 ±0.03) vs.(0.30 ± 0.06)],apoptosis rate [(10.6 ±2.9) vs.(48.5±6.7)],total protein [(5.8 ±2.1) vs.(15.4±5.6)] and TNF-α [(24.3±5.7) vs.(108.4±16.0)] andIL-1β [(90.6±14.1) vs.(338.5 ± 44.3)] were increased in group HV (P ＜ 0.05).Compare with group HV,PaO2 [(50.5 ± 6.0) vs.(65.9±10.3)] was increased,W/D[(5.12±0.56)vs.(3.85±0.37)],PPI[(0.30± 0.06)vs.(0.14±0.03)],apoptosis rate [(48.5 ±6.7)vs.(25.6 ±5.3)],total protein [(15.4±5.6) vs.(8.9±2.5)],TNF-cα [(108.4±16.0) vs.(75.6±10.3)] andIL-1β [(338.5 ±44.3) vs.(188.9 ±33.8)] in BALF were decreased in group HF (P ＜0.05).PaO2 [(50.5±6.0) vs.(59.7±7.8)] was higher,W/D[(5.12±0.56) vs.(4.44±0.30)],PPI [(0.30±0.06)vs.(0.19±0.09)] andIL-1β[(338.5-±44.3) vs.(246.8±24.6)] levels were lower in group HFW than those in group HF There were no significant differences in apoptosis rate[(48.5±6.7)vs.(41.3±6.8)],totalprotein[(15.4±5.6)vs.(10.4±2.7)] and TNF-α level [(108.4 ± 16.0) vs.(97.5 ± 10.3)] between HFW group and HF group (P ＞ 0.05).Compare with group CV,The histopathologic damage of lung tissue was obvious in group HV and group HFW,it was attenuated by pretreatment with FTY720 in group HF.Conclusions FTTY720 pretreatment provides protective effects against ventilation-induced lung injury in rats,and S1PR1 may mediate the protection through reducing apoptosis rate and inflammatory reaction.

A gas chromatographic method has been developed for determining glycerin concentrations of both therapeutic and physiological levels in serum. The linear relationship was obtained in the range of 1.6-800 ug/ml and the coefficient variations determined within a day and between days were 2.2% and 2.4% respectively. Recoveries of glycerol from serum were about 87%.

AIM: To further investigate the immunologic mechanism of myasthenia gravis(MG). METHODS: Acetylcholine receptor antibodies(AchRab) and presynaptic membrane antibodies (PsMab) was determined by ELISA in 285 cases of MG patients. Tumor necrosis factor- alpha(TNF-?) and RBC-C3b receptor rosette rate(RBC-C3bRR)and RBC-IC rosette rate (RBC-ICR)was determined in 202 patients with MG. Furthermore, the peripheral blood lymphocyte subsets was examined in 104 cases MG patients. RESULTS: The positive rates of the AchRab and PsMab in MG were very significantly higher than that of control.The positive rate of PsMab in patients with negative AchRab was very significantly higher than that of patients with the positive AchRab.In 202 MG patients, the TNF-? was significantly higher, but the RBC-C3bRR was significantly lower than those of control, while the RBC-ICR has no significant change. CONCLUSION: MG is an autoimmune disease with damaged postsynaptic membrane by the AchRab, and some patients with both the AchRab and PsMab could manifest disfunction in the postsynaptic and presynaptic membrane. While the patients who just has the PsMab maybe damaged only in the presynaptic membrane. Other body fluid immune or/and cell immune mechanism may be involved in MG patients without AchRab and PsMab. [

Objective To study the partial laboratory detection indicators in the patients with abnormal cystatin C (Cys C) . Methods The relevant data in the patients of our hospital from August 2014 to February 2014 were collected and the partial labo‐ratory detection indicators were compared between the patients with normal Cys C and the patients with abnormal Cys C .Results Cys C had statistical difference between the kidney disease group and the control group (P<0 .05);Cys C had statistical difference between the abnormal Cys C group and the control group (P<0 .05) ,RBC ,Hb ,HCT (male ,female) in the abnormal Cys C group were lower than the reference ranges ;while GLU ,TP and Alb in the abnormal Cys C group were within the reference ranges ,but lower than those in the control group ,UA was higher than that in the control group with statistical difference (P<0 .05) .Conclu‐sion Certain degree of malnutrition exists in the patients with abnormal Cys C .

Objective:To examine the expression ofphospholipase A2 receptor (PLA2R) in renal tissues and the level of anti-PLA2R antibody in serum in patients with idiopathic membranous nephropathy (IMN) and secondary membranous nephropathy (SMN),and to evaluate their diagnostic value in IMN.Methods:A total of 73 patients,who were diagnosed between May,2014 and February,2015 in the Department of Nephrology of the Second Xiangya Hospital,Central South University,were divided into three groups:an IMN group (n=48),an SMN group (n=17) and a minimal change disease group (n=8) according to the renal biopsy.PLA2R expression in renal tissues and the level of antiPLA2R antibody in serum were detected by indirect immunofluorescence technique.Results:The positive rate and fluorescence intensity for PLA2R in the renal tissues in the IMN group were higher than those in the SMN group (91.7％ in the IMN group vs 29.4％ in the SMN group,P＜0.05),while the positive rate and serum level for anti-PLA2R antibody in the IMN group were higher than those in the SMN group (85.4％ in the IMN group vs 29.4％ in the SMN group,P＜0.05);the expression of PLA2R in renal tissues and the serum level for anti-PLA2R antibody were not detected in the minimal change disease group,The serum level of anti-PLA2R antibody was positively correlated with 24 h urine protein (r=0.432,P＜0.01) and negatively correlated with serum albumin (r=-0.307,P＜0.05).Conclusion:The expression of PLA2R in renal tissues and the serum level of anti-PLA2R antibody might be potential markers for diagnosis oflMN.

OBJECTIVETo optimize the formula of Glycyrrhiza flavonoid and ferulic acid cream and set up its quality control parameters.

METHODReflect-line orthogonal simplex method was used to optimize the main factors such as amount of Myrj52-glyceryl monostearate and dimethicone, based on the appearance, spreadability and stability of the cream.

RESULT9.0% Myrj52-glyceryl monostearate (3:2) and 2.5% dimethicone were chosen in prescription. The prepared cream presented a good stability after being placed 24 h at 5 degrees C, 25 degrees C and 37 degrees C respectively,and its spreadability suited with the property of semi-fluid cream.

CONCLUSION[corrected] The formula of Glycyrrhiza flavonoid and ferulic acid cream is suitable, and its quality is stable. The reflect-line orthogonal simplex method is suitable for the formula optimization of cream.

Coumaric Acids ; chemistry ; Dosage Forms ; Drug Compounding ; Drug Stability ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; Flavonoids ; chemistry ; Glycyrrhiza ; chemistry