A novel flow injection chemiluminescent enhancement method for the determination of tannic acid based on luminol-KIO4-Mn2＋ system is developed. The method is simple, rapid and effective to determine tannic acid in the range of 3.0×10－8～5.0×10－6 mol/L with a detection limit of 9×10－9 mol/L. The relative standard deviation is 1.5% for the determination of 1.0×10－6 mol/L tannic acid (n=11). The mehtod has been applied to determine the content of tannic acid in Chinese gall with satisfactory results.

Objective To investigate the clinical,laboratory,and neuroimaging characteristics of neuroacanthocytosis.Methods Eight patients with neuroacanthocytosis were retrospectively analysed.Acanthocytes were tested by peripheral blood smear,wet preparation with saline dilution,and scanning electron microscope.Results Two male and 6 female patients were included.The age at onset was between 10 and 35 years,with a mean age at onset of 22 years.Four patients firstly presented with oral-facial-lingual dystonia,3 patients firstly presented with involuntary movements of the distal limbs and experienced the oral facial dystonia during the course of disease,and 1 patient primary presented with a parkinsonian syndrome.Four patients had generalized tonic-clonic seizures were reported in 4 patients,and 4 patients had cognitive impairment.Hypotonia and hyporeflexia were reported in 6 patients.The peripheral blood smear revealed the presence of acanthocytes in 7 patients,in addition,wet preparation with saline dilution and scanning electron microscope revealed the presence of acanthocytes in the remaining one.All patients showed slightly elevated serum creatine kinase.Brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed variable atrophy of the bilateral caudate nuclei and putamen,with or without a rim of increased T2-intensity in 6 patients,but the films of 2 patients were read as normal.Electromyography and nerve conduction velocity were examined in 4 patients.The results indicated axonal damage in 2 patients,and were normal in the other 2 patients.Acanthocytosis was confirmed by peripheral blood smear in 7 cases,by wet preparation with saline dilution in 8 cases and by scanning electron microscope in 2 cases.Conclusions Neuroacanthocytosis is a progress neurodegenerative disorder mainly affected the basal ganglia. The clinical characteristics include oral facial dystonia,limbs chorea,cognitive impairment,and seizures. Brain MRI showed variable atrophy of the bilateral caudate nuclei and putamen.The peripheral blood smear,wet preparation with saline dilution,and scanning electron microscope methods of peripheral blood examination are critical in the diagnosis of neuroacanthocytosis.

When the size of a neurosphere cultured in vitro reaches a certain critical value, a necrotic core will appear inside the neurosphere because of the limitation of oxygen or other nutrients transport from medium to the cells in the neurasphere. Large necrotic core will greatly reduce the expansion of NSCs. The cellular automaton (CA) model is applied in this article to model the growth of NSCs in sphere state. The appearance and enlargement of the necrotic core in a neurosphere is calculated by coupling the CA model with the nutrient diffusion analysis in bioreactors. The calculation results indicate that the culture conditions, such as seeding density, the concentration of nutrients in medium and the mass transfer coefficient between a neurosphere and medium, have some effects on the appearance of the necrotic core. However, the necrotic core mainly depends on the inner diffusion. It will certainly appear if the size of the neurosphere is large enough even the outside mass transfer is in a good condition in bioreactors. Additionally, the appearance of the necrotic core resulting from the shortage of oxygen is earlier than that caused by the limitation of glucose. And the growth of the necrotic core is very fast after its appearance, and the whole neurosphere may become necrotic. The model developed with cellular automaton and mass transfer is a good qualitative representation of NSCs growth in bioreactors.
Bioreactors ; Cell Culture Techniques ; methods ; Cell Differentiation ; Cell Proliferation ; Cells, Cultured ; Computer Simulation ; Models, Biological ; Neurons ; cytology ; Spheroids, Cellular ; Stem Cells ; cytology ; Tissue Engineering ; methods

Objective To compare the effect of three-point positioning method and traditional puncture method in patients with arteriovenous fistula in hemodialysis.Methods A total of 800 hemodialysis patients with malignant tumor of urinary system in our hospital were divided into three-point positioning method group (observation group) and traditional puncture method group (control group), with 400 cases in each group.All the puncture was performed by the senior nurses with color Doppler, and vein intima thickness of artery fistula before puncture and 60 times after puncture were observed, puncture failure rate, incidence of venous fistula aneurysm, arteriovenous fistula stenosis and satisfaction were compared.Results There was no significant difference in vein intima thickness of artery fistula(P<0.05);The effect degree of vein intima thickness of artery fistula in the observation group after treatment was significantly lower than that of the control group, and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05);The puncture failure rate, incidence of arteriovenous fistula aneurysm, and arteriovenous fistula stenosis rate in the observation group after 60 times puncture were significantly lower than that in the control group, and the differences were statistically significant(P<0.05);The satisfaction in the observation group was significantly higher than that in the control group, the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05).Conclusion Three-point positioning puncture combined with losartan has significant effect for arteriovenous fistula patients with the malignant tumor of urinary system, and it can effectively prolong longevity of vascular puncture, and reduce complications of vascular with fistula.

Objective To compare the effect of three-point positioning method and traditional puncture method in patients with arteriovenous fistula in hemodialysis.Methods A total of 800 hemodialysis patients with malignant tumor of urinary system in our hospital were divided into three-point positioning method group (observation group) and traditional puncture method group (control group), with 400 cases in each group.All the puncture was performed by the senior nurses with color Doppler, and vein intima thickness of artery fistula before puncture and 60 times after puncture were observed, puncture failure rate, incidence of venous fistula aneurysm, arteriovenous fistula stenosis and satisfaction were compared.Results There was no significant difference in vein intima thickness of artery fistula(P<0.05);The effect degree of vein intima thickness of artery fistula in the observation group after treatment was significantly lower than that of the control group, and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05);The puncture failure rate, incidence of arteriovenous fistula aneurysm, and arteriovenous fistula stenosis rate in the observation group after 60 times puncture were significantly lower than that in the control group, and the differences were statistically significant(P<0.05);The satisfaction in the observation group was significantly higher than that in the control group, the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05).Conclusion Three-point positioning puncture combined with losartan has significant effect for arteriovenous fistula patients with the malignant tumor of urinary system, and it can effectively prolong longevity of vascular puncture, and reduce complications of vascular with fistula.

Objectives To screen the high-risk population of stroke in China using color Doppler flow imaging (CDFI)and to establish a stroke risk prediction model in Chinese population in order to prevent and treat stroke early. Methods Forty-one base hospitals and 715 286 people in the project areas of the first 6 provinces of China conducted routine physical examinations and investigated the related risk factors for cardiocerebrovascular diseases from July 2011 to April 2012 using a cross-sectional study,among them 61 860 patients underwent carotid CDFI screening,and 49 386 of them were high-risk population (exposed to≥3 risk factors). The bilateral common carotid interma-media thickness (IMT),the number of plaques and the degree of carotid stenosis were screened and documented. And whether carotid IMT thickening or not,with or without carotid plaques,and degree of carotid artery stenotic rate 0-49% and≥50% were performed by multivariate logistic regression analysis with the risk factors for stroke,respectively. Results (1)Logistic regression analysis showed that hypertension,atrial fibrillation,smoking,and lack of physical exercise were the independent risk factors for carotid IMT thickening (hypertension:OR,1. 17;95%CI 1. 12-1. 22;atrial fibrillation:OR,1. 15;95%CI 1. 09-1. 21;smoking:OR,1. 13;95%CI 1. 08-1. 17;and lack of physical exercise:OR,1. 12;95%CI 1.08-1. 16). (2)Hypertension,atrial fibrillation, smoking,and diabetes were the independent risk factors for carotid plaque and carotid artery stenosis rate≥50%(carotid plaque,hypertension:OR,1. 55;95%CI 1. 47-1. 62;atrial fibrillation:OR,1. 13;95%CI 1.06-1. 21;smoking:OR,1. 16;95%CI 1. 11-1. 22;and diabetes:OR,1. 30;95%CI 1. 24-1. 37). Carotid stenosis rate≥50%,hypertension:OR,1. 78;95%CI 1.55-2. 03;atrial fibrillation:OR,1. 59;95%CI 1. 39-1. 81;smoking:OR,1. 33;95%CI 1. 20-1. 48;and diabetes:OR,1. 30;95%CI 1. 17-1. 45. Simple obesity did not increase the incidences of carotid atherosclerotic plaque and carotid artery stenosis ≥50%(OR,0. 78, 0.83;95%CI 0. 75-0. 82 ,0. 75-0. 92,respectively). Conclusions Neck vascular ultrasound can be used as a valuable means for screening high-risk population and detecting risk factors of stroke. It has an important clinical significance for the early diagnosis and treatment of carotid atherosclerosis disease.