This paper focuses on the total cerebral ischemic injury after cardiac arrest (CA), the authors analyze how acupuncture improves neurological impairment and the prognosis after CA from the perspectives of traditional Chinese medicine theory and modern research achievements of acupuncture on Shuigou. It should take into consideration of three factors in both basic and clinical study: the time and link of intervention, mechanism, optimization of stimulating parameters in order to clear the direction of acupuncturing Shuigou improves the neural functional recovery after CA.

Objectives To detect the expression and distribution of ubiquitin in neurofibrillary tangles(NFT) and senile plaque neurites in the hippocampal formation of Alzheimer's disease brain and explore the significance of ubiquitin in pathological mechanism of Alzheimer's disease.Methods The expression of ubiquitin in the hippocampal formation of 7 patients with Alzheimer's disease and 5 non-dementia elderly was detected using immunohistochemical technique.Results Neurofibrillary tangles and senile plaque neuritis were labeled by the antibody of ubiquitin in hippocampal formation of Alzheimer's disease brain, but pretangle neurons were not stained. Containing NFT neurons stained by ubiqutin antibody immunoreactive products were distributed more in the CA1 and CA2 (42.13?0.65, 30.57?0.78 respectively)than those in CA3 and CA4 (12.43?0.24?18.34?0.81 respectively)of the hippocampal formation (P

Background and purpose:EPHA2 has been reported to enhance the proliferation of gastric cancer cells through promoting CyclinD1 expression and cell cycle progression. However, the underlying mechanism that EPHA2 promotes CyclinD1 expression and cell cycle progression is still poorly understood. Akt/mTOR signaling pathway has been reported to enhance the proliferation of gastric cancer cells by promoting CyclinD1 expression and cell cycle progression, and some studies have shown that EPHA2 can activate Akt/mTOR signaling pathway. Based on this, this study investigated whether EPHA2 promoted gastric cancer SGC-7901 cell proliferation through enhancing Akt/mTOR signaling pathway.Methods:Western blot was used to determine the effect of EPHA2 overexpression or knockdown on the phosphorylation of Akt and mTOR in SGC-7901 cells. SGC-7901-NC infected with control lentivi-rus and SGC-7901-EPHA2 cells with EPHA2 overexpression were treated with DMSO, MK2206 (an Akt inhibitor) and RAD001 (a mTOR inhibitor) for different time periods, respectively. Cell proliferation was detected using the CCK8 assay. Cell cycle was detected using lfow cytometry, and the expression of CyclinD1 was determined by Western blot. Results:Overexpression of EPHA2 enhanced Akt/mTOR signaling pathway in SGC-7901 cells, and silencing EPHA2 in SGC-7901 cells inhibited Akt/mTOR signaling pathway. MK2206 and RAD001 antagonized the promoting effect of EPHA2 on the proliferation, S-phase and CyclinD1 expression of SGC-7901 cells, respectively.Conclusion:EPHA2 promotes SGC-7901 cell proliferation through enhancing Akt/mTOR signaling pathway. Akt inhibitor or mTOR inhibi-tor could be an effective treatment strategy for gastric cancer patients overexpressing EPHA2.

Objective: This study is to investigate the effectiveness of philtrum repairment for-microform cleft lip, using muscle tension line group reconstruction. Methods: This is a retrospective study of 19 consecutively primary microform cleft lip repairment patients, from January 2015 to December 2017. All the patients were provided muscle tension line reconstruction (group 1) or traditional muscle repairment by horizontal mattress sutures (group 2). The philtral ridge and dimple were evaluated by scores. The statistical analyses were performed using unpaired t-test by Prism 6.0 software. Results: The philtral ridge score was higher in group 1 than group 2 (4.15±0.56 vs. 2.73±0.32, P<0.01). The philtral dimple score of group 1 increased either, when compared with group 2 (2.36±0.50 vs.1.45±0.28, P=0.0004). Conclusions Functional reconstruction of philtrum, using muscle tension line group repair, has satisfactory results in philtral ridge and philtral dimple.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to measure intracranial volumes in normal children of different ages and to explore the growth of intracranial volumes. Methods: A total of 151 normal children (male, 96; female, 55) were included in this study who were subjected to computed tomography (CT) for head trauma in the pediatric emergency room from June 1, 2015 to July 31, 2015. All of them had no congenital deformities and depressed fracture of the skull. Total, anterior, middle and posterior intracranial volumes were measured using a DICOM viewer. The Graphad Prism 6.0 was applied to analyze the data and plot the best fit logarithmic growth curve and liner regression and the comparison of the growth curves between different groups was done. Results: The intracranial volumes had a rapid growth within 2 years old. The girls′ total intracranial volumes were smaller than the boys′ of the same age. There was a significant difference of linear regression slope between anterior intracranial volumes and posterior intracranial volumes within 2 years old (P<0.01). Conclusions There is a rapid growth of intracranial volumes of normal children within 2 years old. The posterior intracranial volumes are expanded faster than the anterior intracranial volumes in the first two years. The girls′ intracranial volumes are smaller than the boys′.

Objective: To explore the effect of managing syndromic craniosynostosis using posterior vault distraction osteogenesis. Methods: The authors conducted a retrospective cohort study of four children with syndromic craniosynostosis treated between 2015 January to 2016 March using posterior vault distraction osteogenesis. The posterior craniotomy was performed from vertex, biparietally to a point above the occipital protuberance. Two distraction devices were fixed in the parasagittal, collinear position. After a latency of 3 days, the device was activated at 0.5 mm/day. After the distraction, the consolidation period was about 6 months. Results: The average distraction distance was 27.3 mm(range, 25 to 30 mm). Cerebrospinal fluid leak happened in one patient. After taken the 3D CT scan, all of them were undertaken the second operation of removing the distraction devices. All the patients were followed up at a mean of 12.8 months (range, 7 to 20 months). Conclusions It is effective to enlarge the posterior cranial vault using distraction osteogenesis for the syndromic craniosynostosis.

Objective: In clinical, cephalic index is the most common method to evaluate scaphocephaly. However, cephalic index alone is not sufficient to describe the nuances of skull shape. The authors hypothesize that the location of euryon could be a valuable and practical index as the supplement of cephalic index to better describe the skull. Methods: This is a retrospective study. CT scans of 17 scaphocephaly patients and 17 normal controls were included. Eight of 17 scaphocephaly patients have 6 months postoperative CT scan. The preoperative location of euryon of scaphocephaly patients was compared to that of the controls and postoperative. The horizontal location of euryon was defined as the ratio of the distance, from the most prominent point of forehead to euryon, to anteroposterior cranial length. The vertical location of euryon was defined as the ratio of the vertical distance, from the nasion to euryon, to cranial height. Results: Both the horizontal and vertical locations of euryon of preoperative scaphocephaly patients were significantly decreased compared to normals (46.50%±4.02% vs. 50.39%±2.21%, t=3.49, P=0.0014; 35.78%±8.62% vs. 52.6%±8.08%, t=5.86, P<0.001). Both the postoperative horizontal vertical locations of euryon were significantly increased, when compared to preoperative (47.25%±4.23% vs. 44.02%±3.72%, t=2.42, P=0.045; 42.39%±9.06% vs. 35.18%±5.36%, t=2.554, P=0.0379). Conclusions The location of euryon could be a practical and valuable index to describe the nuances of skull shape.

Liposomal Brucine (LB) with high encapsulation efficiency (72%) and small particle diameter (mean particle diameter, 54 nm) was prepared by ethanol-dripping method. The safety and pharmacodynamic action of LB, a new transdermal preparation, were investigated in details with the use of white rabbits, guinea-pigs and mice, respectively. The tests revealed that LB had no acute toxicity to integral and broken skin, and had no allergic effects on skin. In writhing test, the analgesic effect of LB was higher than that of free brucine. The anti-inflammatory activity of LB was significantly higher than that of free brucine (P<0.01). Meanwhile, LB exhibited a better dose-response manner and a longer duration of analgesic effects. In conclusion, LB could reduce the toxicity of brucine, enhance the analgesic and antiinflammatory effects of brucine, and achieve its sustained-release.
Administration, Cutaneous ; Analgesics ; administration & dosage ; pharmacology ; Animals ; Anti-Inflammatory Agents ; administration & dosage ; pharmacology ; Female ; Guinea Pigs ; Liposomes ; chemistry ; Male ; Mice ; Rabbits ; Skin ; drug effects ; Strychnine ; administration & dosage ; analogs & derivatives ; pharmacology ; toxicity ; Toxicity Tests, Acute

Objective To evaluate the effect of aminolevulinic acid-based photodynamic therapy (ALA-PDT) on the expression of Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) and downstream signaling pathway molecules,and secretion of cytokines in murine RAW264.7 cells.Methods The RAW264.7 murine macrophages were induced by inactivated Propionibacterium acnes suspension for the establishment of a cell model of inflammation.The cultured RAW264.7 cells were divided into 5 groups:blank control group receiving normal culture followed by the treatment with phosphate buffer saline (PBS),model group treated with inactivated Propionibacterium acnes suspension followed by the treatment with PBS,and three ALA groups treated with inactivated Propionibacterium acnes suspension followed by the treatment with 0.03,0.06 and 0.12 mmol/L ALA,respectively,and infrared radiation at a dose of 16 J/cm2.Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was performed to detect levels of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) in the culture supematant of RAW264.7 cells,and Western blot analysis to determine the protein expression of TLR2 and myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88),as well as p38,c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK),extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK),inhibitor of κB kinase α (IκBα) and their phosphorylated forms (p-p38,p-JNK,p-ERK and p-IκBα).Results Compared with the blank control group,the model group showed significantly higher levels of TNF-α ([0.34 ± 0.02] ng/L,P ＜ 0.01) and IL-6 ([0.21 ± 0.03] ng/L,P ＜ 0.05).Compared with the 0.03 mmol/L ALA group,the 0.12 mmol/L ALA group showed a similar level of TNF-α ([0.03 ± 0.01] ng/L,P ＞ 0.05),but a significantly lower level of IL-6 ([0.07 ± 0.01] ng/L,F =114.813,P ＜ 0.01).The protein expression of TLR2,MyD88,p-p38,p-IκBα,p-JNK and p-ERK was all significantly higher in the model group (0.90 ± 0.14,1.11 ± 0.13,0.84 ± 0.04,1.45 ± 0.20,2.56 ± 0.06,3.70 ± 0.40) than in the blank control group (all P ＜ 0.01),and gradually decreased along with the increase of ALA concentration in a dose-dependent manner.Conclusion Photodynamic therapy can suppress the expression of TLR2 in RAW264.7 murine macrophages,and decrease the secretion of cytokines likely by the TLR2 signaling pathway.

Objective:To observe the results of electroacupuncture (EA) on the resuscitation of a rat model of asphyxia cardiac arrest (CA). And to explore its effect on the neurologic deficits and hemodynamic instability of post-cardiac arrest syndrome (PCAS).Methods:A total of 107 male SD rats were randomly divided into sham, CA, and EA groups. Each group received arterial catheterization and tracheal intubation. The sham group was not induced asphyxia. Asphyxial cardiac arrest was established by endotracheal tube clamping. Rats in the CA group received basic respiratory support and fluid resuscitation in return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) and rats in the EA group received EA at Baihui based on the treatment of CA group after ROSC, with a dense-dispersed wave at frequencies of 4-20 Hz, while the current intensity was adjusted minimum to induce a twitch of the scalp, the course of treatment was 30 minutes. The baseline data, hemodynamics after ROSC, neurological deficit score (NDS), pathological changes of brain tissue, and levels of serum biomarker were recorded and compared among the three groups. The 72-hour survival of rats was analyzed by Kaplan-Meier survival curve. Hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining was used to observe the pathological changes of necrotic neurons in the hippocampal CA1 region of rat brain. Meanwhile, Nissl staining and TdT-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling (TUNEL) were used to detect cell apoptosis and injury.Results:Compared with the CA group, the mean arterial pressure (MAP) in the EA group increased significantly at 15 minutes after ROSC [mmHg (1 mmHg≈0.133 kPa): 125.00 (94.00, 136.25) vs. 92.00 (72.00, 122.50), P < 0.05]. There was no significant difference in the NDS score between the EA group and the sham group. Still, the NDS score of the rats in the CA group at 6 hours after ROSC were significantly lower than that in the sham group (46.00±10.61 vs. 80.00±0.00, P < 0.05). Kaplan-Meier survival curve analysis showed that EA did not improve the 72-hour survival rate of rats (100% in the sham group, 25% in the CA group, and 30% in the EA group, P > 0.05). The analysis by TUNEL showed that the apoptosis rate of neurons in CA1 region of the hippocampus in EA group at 6 hours after ROSC was significantly lower than that in CA group [(62.84±2.67)% vs. (71.29±3.70)%, P < 0.05]. Compared with the CA group, the level of serum S100 calcium binding protein B (S100B) in the EA group at 6 hours after ROSC was significantly lower (ng/L: 19.30±13.87 vs. 132.28±31.67, P < 0.05), but there were no significant differences in the levels of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) between these two groups. Conclusions:In the present study, EA at Baihui can stabilize the hemodynamic, moreover, it has a particular neuroprotective effect on PCAS rats. Still, EA at Baihui does not reduce the systemic inflammatory response and improve the survival rate of rats, and its mechanism remains to be verified in further research.