AIM: To study the renoprotective and synergistic effects of sesamin in combination with vitamin E on nephropathy in rats with the metabolic syndrome.METHODS: Nephropathy of metabolic syndrome in rats was induced by high-fat and high-carbohydrate diet.Sesamin(30 mg?kg-1?d-1),sesamin +vitamin E [(15+20) mg?kg-1?d-1),sesamin +vitamin E(30+20) mg?kg-1?d-1] and vitamin E(20 mg?kg-1?d-1) were given to rats with metabolic syndrome at 9th week and lasted for 16 weeks.After 24 weeks,the body weight,left kidney humid weight,blood glucose(BG),blood lipids(BL),systolic blood pressure(SBP), renal function,and indexes of oxygenation and antioxygenation for renal cortex were measured.Pathological changes,collagen deposition and iNOS protein and nitrotyrosine expression of kidney were observed by HE-stain,Masson-stain and immunohistochemical method,respectively.RESULTS:(1)In high-fat and refined-sugar diet group(HFS): the levels of BG,BL,SBP,and MDA,OH and NO2-/NO3-in renal cortex were increased;the activities of T-SOD, CAT and GSH-Px in renal cortex were decreased;the expressions of iNOS protein and nitrotyrosine in kidney were up-regulated;the inflammatory cell infiltration and collagen deposition in renal glomerulus and renal interstitium were severe;the glomerular sclerosis and renal interstitial fibrosis were obvious;the renal function was deteriorated.(2)In sesamin +vitamin E [(30+20) mg?kg-1?d-1] group: the decreases in BG,BL,SBP,MDA,OH-and NO2/NO3-in renal cortex were obviously observed;the activities of T-SOD,CAT and GSH-Px in renal cortex were increased;the expressions of iNOS protein and nitrotyrosine in kidney were down-regulated;the inflammatory cell infiltration and collagen deposition in renal glomerulus and renal interstitium were improved;the glomerular sclerosis and renal interstitial fibrosis were reversed;the renal function was ameliorated.The therapeutic effect of sesamin +vitamin E[ (30+20) mg?kg-1?d-1] surpassed that of using sesamin or vitamin E alone(P

The aim of this study is to investigate the effects and mechanism of extract of Apocynum venetum (AV) on kidneys of streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Diabetes mellitus (DM) was induced in rats by intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (STZ). The indexes of the blood glucose, renal function and oxidative stress were observed. The DM rats were administrated with the AV for 8 weeks, the above-mentioned indexes were detected. The blood glucose level, BUN, 24 h urine protein excretion, urine volume, renal index, renal cortex's MDA level in model groups all increased significantly. Renal cortex's SOD and GSH activities decreased significantly compared with the normal control group (P < 0.05). The above-mentioned indexes were significantly improved by the AV treatment (P < 0.05). AV have protective effects on renal function of kidneys of streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats, and maybe via inhibition of the renal oxidative stress.

Objective:To investigate the correlation between circulating tumor cell (CTC) detection, RAS/RAF gene mutation and clinicopathological characteristics in patients with colorectal cancer (CRC).Methods:The Amplification Refractory Mutation System (ARMS)-polymerase chain reaction (PCR) were used to detect the gene mutation in the tumor tissues of 138 CRC patients in the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University from May 2017 to May 2020. At the same time, the venous blood of 138 patients was collected and enriched for CTC genotyping by mRNA in situ hybridization. The correlation between CTC, RAS/RAF gene mutation and clinicopathological features of CRC patients was analyzed.Results:The mutation rates of KRAS, NRAS and BRAF genes were 48.6%(67/138), 5.1%(7/138) and 1.4%(2/138), respectively; The overall positive rate of CTC was 84.1%(116/138). The positive rates of different CTC types were: 23.1%(32/138) in epithelial type, 71.7%(99/138) in mixed type and 12.3%(17/138) in interstitial type respectively. The positive rate of CTC in CRC patients with clinical stage Ⅲ-Ⅳ, lymph node metastasis (N1-N3) and distant metastasis (M1) was significantly higher than that in CRC patients with stage Ⅰ-Ⅱ, no lymph node metastasis (N0) and no distant metastasis (M0) (all P<0.05). The total number of CTC, mixed CTC and interstitial CTC were positively correlated with clinical stage, lymph node metastasis and distant metastasis (all P<0.05). RAS/RAF gene mutation, gender, age, tumor location and tumor differentiation did not affect the positive rate of CTC (all P>0.05). Conclusions:The results of CTC typing are of great research significance for comprehensive treatment, prognosis assessment and stratified management of CRC, among which the interstitial type of CTC may be a high risk factor for the recurrence and metastasis of CRC.