Objective To study the outcomes of two intervention strategies on the language development of young children with hearing loss greater than moderate degree by universal newborn hearing screening (UNHS) system.Methods Infants and young children,born from Jan 2002 to Dec 2007 in Shanghai and failed UNHS,were included in this study.They received audiometric evaluations at the Shanghai Children's Hearing and Speech Center.Among those diagnosed with hearing loss greater than moderate degrees,65 were intervened at 6 months and followed up subsequently.According to hearing loss degree and intervention strategies,20 of 65 were included in the hearing aid group(M_(HA)),19 was in the severe hearing aid group(S_(HA)),9 in the profound hearing aid group(P_(HA)),and 17 in the profound cochlear implamation group(P_(CI)).Other 36 were not intervened at 6 months old but followed up also.The control group was 36 normal hearing young children.The hearing losse and speech development were analyzed for statistical study.Results Between the group without intervention and the control group,between the group intervened and without intervention,statistically significant differences were noted (P＜0.05) in the average hearing threshold and the developmental scores.Between the control group and anyone group among M_(HA),S_(HA) and P_(CI),no statistically significant differences (P＞0.05) were noted in the developmental scores.For the same hearing level between the group P_(HA) and P_(CI),statistically significant differences (P＜0.05) were noted in the developmental scores.The developmental scores of P_(HA) was lower than that of P_(CI).Conclusion Early intervention is effective for infants and young children with hearing loss greater than moderate degree.Their speech development is noticeably faster than that of those without any intervention.According to hearing loss degree,it was very important for acquiring the best speech development that selected the most proper intervention mode.

Autologous red blood cells (RBC) labeled with fluorescence were immitted into microvessel of SD rat and observed under microscope. The movement of each individual labeled RBC was recorded by microscope video camera system. The recorded videotape is replayed to sample dark background fluorescent images through frame grabber. Sampled frame images were separated into odd and even field sequence images. Then these sequence images were analyzed to get the flow rate. The error between the actual flow velocity value and the flow velocity value of fluorescent globules in the chamber measured under the same system was below 7%. The upper limit was 9.6 mm/s. There are no obvious differences (P > 0.05). This system has been applied in the research of rat microcirculatory disturbance, and the temporal flow rate change in microvessel was obtained.
Animals ; Blood Flow Velocity ; physiology ; Image Processing, Computer-Assisted ; Microcirculation ; physiology ; Microscopy, Fluorescence ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Splanchnic Circulation ; physiology ; Videotape Recording

Sugarcane bagasse modified by polyethylenimine (PEI) and glutaraldehyde (GA) was used as a carrier to immobilize Clostridium acetobutylicum XY16 in the process of butanol production. The effects of chemically modified sugarcane bagasse on batch and repeat-batch fermentations were investigated. Batch fermentation was conducted with an addition of 10 g/L modified sugarcane bagasse and 60 g/L glucose, resulting in a high solvent concentration of 21.67 g/L and productivity of 0.60 g/(L x h) with the treatment of 4 g/L PEI and 1 g/L GA. Compared to the fermentations by free cells and immobilized cells on unmodified sugarcane bagasse, the productivity increased 130.8% and 66.7%, respectively. The fibrous-bed bioreactor also maintained a stable butanol production during repeat-batch fermentations, achieving a maximum productivity of 0.83 g/(L x h) with a high yield of 0.42 g/g.
Batch Cell Culture Techniques ; Bioreactors ; Butanols ; metabolism ; Cells, Immobilized ; Cellulose ; metabolism ; Clostridium acetobutylicum ; metabolism ; Fermentation ; Saccharum ; chemistry

Objective To investigate apoptosis of HepG2 ceils after transfecfion with LIGHT gene and interferon-γ. Methods LIGHT gene and interferon-γ were transfected into HepG2 cells by liposome mediated method. The HepG2 cells were divided into group A (transfected with LIGHT gene or interferon-γ), group B (transfeeted with LIGHT gene and interferon-γ) and group C (non-transfection group). The apoptosis rate of the HepG2 cells and the expression of Bcl-2 and Caspase-8 were detected 12, 24, 48 hours after transfeetion. Results (1) The apoptosis rates of HepG2 cells at hour 12, 24 and 48 after transfeetion were 18.8% ± 3.5%, 25.7%± 2.8% and 36.4% ±3.6% in group A, 23.8% ±2.4%, 31.1% ±2.1% and42.5% ±4.5% in group B, and 8.7% ± 2.1%, 9.3% ± 1.6% and 10.9% ± 1.2% in group C. There was a significant difference in apoptosis rate among the 3 groups (F = 15.69, 53.33, 48.28, P < 0.01). (2) The expression of Bcl-2 in HepG2 cells at hour 12, 24 and 48 after transfection was 16.4% ± 5.0%, 13.4% ± 3.5% and 8.6% ± 2.3% in group A, 14.7%±3.8%, 9.1% ±2.0% and 4.6% ±2.0% in group B, and 25.3% ±6. 3%, 19.8% ±4.4% and 10.1% ±3.8% in group C. There was a significant difference in the expression of Bcl-2 among the 3 groups (F = 6.19, 12.29, 5.81, P <0.05). (3) The expression of Caspase-8 at hour 12, 24 and48 after transfection were 19.3% ±2.4%, 27.2% ±1.9% and 33.7% ±3.0% in group A, 22.7% ±2.2%, 30.9% ±3.1% and 38.2% ±3.2% in group B, and 1.2% ±0.8%, 1.8% ±0.6% and 3.2% ±1.5% in group C. There was a significant difference in the expression of Caspase-8 among the 3 groups (F =71.54, 112. 78, I01.61, P < 0.01). Condusions LIGHT gene can signiticanfly promote cell apoptosis through regulating the expression of Bcl-2 and Caspase-8. Interferon-γ enhanced the effect of LIGHT gene on the apoptosis of HepG2 cells.

Objective To explore the feasibility and efficiency of the treatment of lumbar degenerative diseases after transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion(TLIF)and posterolateral fusion(PLF)procedures in which unilateral pedicle screw fixation was used.Methods From December 2006 to August 2008,78 cases with the lumbar degenerative diseases who received lumbar posterolateral fusion were analyzed.There were 48 cases of which underwent TLIF and PLF procedures with unilateral pedicle screw fixation(unilateral group),including 25 males and 23 females with an average of 47.6 years;and 30 cases of which underwent TLIF and PLF procedures with bilateral pedicle screw fixation(bilateral group),including 21 males and 9 females with an average of 50.5 years.The clinical effects between the two groups were evaluated with Oswestry disability index and visual analogue score(VAS)index.The operation time,blood loss,fusion rates and intervertebral collapse rates were also compared.Results Oswestry disability index,low back pain VAS index and skelalgia VAS index in both groups showed statistical significance between preoperation and 3 months,or 3 months and 1 year postoperatively.There was no difference in score improvement between the two groups.There were difference in operation time,blood loss and cost of hospitalization between unilateral and bilateral group.The former was lower.There was no difference in postoperative length of stay between the two groups.The fusion rate of unilateral group and bilateral group were 91.7%(44/48)and 93.3%(28/30),respectively.Conclusion Auto graft combined with unilateral pedicle screw fixation provids better spinal instant stability.TLIF and PLF with unilateral pedicle screw fixation was a satisfactory method in treating degenerative disease of lumbar vertebrae.

Action Potentials ; Animals ; Ear, Inner ; blood supply ; Facial Nerve ; physiopathology ; Hearing Loss, Sensorineural ; etiology ; Rabbits

OBJECTIVETo explore the significance of laryngopharyngeal reflux (LPR) and gastroesophageal reflux (GER) in patients with vocal cord leukoplakia and early glottic cancer.

METHODSPatients with vocal cord leukoplakia and early glottic cancer encountered in Nanfang Hospital between December 2012 to January 2014 were included in this study. Ambulatory 24 hour multichannel intraluminal impedance-pH monitoring (MII-pH) was applied to obtain LPR and GER events, as well as the reflux properties of substances. Tobacco and alcohol history was also evaluated. Sixteen healthy volunteers were recruited as normal controls.

RESULTSThere were 26.3% (5/19) LPR patients in glottic cancer group, 35.3% (6/17) LPR patients in vocal cord leukoplakia group and 12.5% (2/16) LPR volunteers in normal controls. There was no statistically significant difference in the positive rate of LPR between early glottic cancer patients and normal controls as well as between vocal cord leukoplakia patients and normal controls (P > 0.05). There was statistically significance in numbers of acid reflux events, time of acid exposure, and time of acid clearance between vocal cord leukoplakia patients and normal controls as well as between glottic cancer patients and normal controls (P < 0.05). GER was found in 26.3% (5/19) patients in glottic cancer group and 23.5% (4/17) patients in vocal cord leukoplakia group and 6.3% (1/16) volunteer in normal controls. There was no statistically significant difference in the positive rate of GER between early glottic cancer patients and normal controls as well as between vocal cord leukoplakia patients and normal controls (P > 0.05). However, there was statistically significance in DeMeester scores between glottic cancer patients and normal controls (P < 0.05), while no statistically significance between vocal cord leukoplakia patients and normal controls (P > 0.05). Reflux events were dominated by acid and weakly acidic reflux in upright position. Weakly alkaline reflux events in upright position, acid reflux events in supine position, and weakly alkaline reflux events in supine position in vocal cord leukoplakia patients were significantly more than those in normal controls (P < 0.05). No statistically significant difference existed in positions and contents between early glottic cancer patients and normal controls (P > 0.05). There was also no statistically significant correlation between happening LPR and GER, smoking and drinking in patients with vocal cord leukoplakia and early glottic cancer (P > 0.05).

CONCLUSIONSReflux events are more in vocal cord leukoplakia patients and early glottic cancer patients, however, the relationship between laryngopharyngeal reflux and canceration of the vocal cord is still needed to be investigated. The significance of mucosal injury induced by nonacid refluxes is needed to be further studies.

Adult ; Aged ; Case-Control Studies ; Esophageal pH Monitoring ; Female ; Humans ; Laryngeal Diseases ; complications ; Laryngeal Neoplasms ; complications ; Laryngopharyngeal Reflux ; complications ; Leukoplakia ; complications ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Vocal Cords ; pathology

The structure genes spike (S), nucleocapsid (N), membrane (M), small membrane (sM) of a porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) strain DX isolated in Gansu province, North-west of China, were cloned, sequenced and compared with published sequences of PEDV strains. The nucleotide sequences encoding the entire S, sM, M and N genes open reading frame (ORF) of DX were 4 152, 231, 681 and 1 326 bases long respectively. There were transcription regulatory sequences (TRSs) upstream of the initiator ATG of the S, N and M genes. The amino acids sequences of S, M and N contained 30, 3 and 7 potential asparagine (N)-linked glycosylation sites. Homologous analysis and phylogenetic trees showed that DX had the closest relationship with strains LJB/06, JS-2004-2Z and CH/HLJH/06 that were also isolated from China and indicated the prevalence of some PEDV isolates in China were widespread since the JS-2004-2Z strain originated from the south of the China, and LJB/06 and CH/HLJH/06 were isolated from northeast China. The N gene was cloned using two primers which contained Nco I and BamH I restriction enzyme sites and subcloned into expression vector pET30a. The recombinant plasmid was then transformed into E.coli Rossta. SDS-PAGE showed there was a protein of about 55kDa as expected and Western blot indicated the N protein had biological activity.