Objective To observe the effects of hedysari polysaccharide (HPS) on myocardial fibrosis and the expression of MMP-2/TIMP-2 in model mice of diabetic cardiomyopathy; To discuss the mechanism of action of prevention and treatment of myocardial fibrosis in diabetes.Methods Sixty mice were randomly divided into model group, rosiglitazone group and HPS high-, mediume- and low-dose groups. The normal group was 12 non-transgenic male BKS.Cg-Dock7m+/+Leprdb/JNjumice with the same age. Each group was given relevant medicine for gavage, for 8 weeks. Blood glucose of mice before and after medication 2, 4, 6, and 8 weeks was detected. The levels of MMP-2, MMP-2 and MMP-9 in myocardium were measured by Masson staining. The protein expressions of MMP-2 and TIMP-1 in myocardium were detected by Western blot.Results Compared with the model group, the blood glucose of HPS (high- and medium dose) groups and rosiglitazone group decreased significantly. Masson staining showed that the green fibers in the model group significantly increased and rosiglitazone group and HPS high-dose group decreased compared with the model group. Western blot showed that the expressions of MMP-2 in model group and MMP-2/TIMP-2 ratio were declined significantly, while the expression of MMP-2 was increased and TIMP-2 was decreased significantly, and the ratio of MMP-2/TIMP-2 increased in rosiglitazone group and HPS high- and medium-dose group.Conclusion HPS may reduce the degree of myocardial fibrosis in model mice with diabetic cardiomyopathy. The therapeutic effect of HPS may be to relieve myocardial fibrosis in model mice by increasing the ratio of MMP-2/TIMP-2.

Objective To explore the effect of hedysarum polybotrys polysacchcaide (HPS)on myocar-dial fibrosis of db /db mice with diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM)by taking TGF-β1 /Smads signaling pathway as the index.Methods Altogether 60 six-week-old male db /db mice were randomly divided in-to five groups:HPS high-,mid-,low-dose group,rosiglitazone group and model group,additional 12 non transgenic db /m male mice with the same background were assigned into the normal group.The mice ex-cept for those of the normal group were intragatrically administered (i.g.)corresponding medicines for consecutive 8 weeks.Before treatment and every two weeks during the period of i.g.drugs,the body weight and blood glucose were detected.At the end of Week 8,HE staining was used to observe the pathological changes of left ventricular myocardial fibers,Masson staining was used to observe the degree of left ventricular myocardial collagen fibrosis,and Western blot,RT-PCR were used to measure the pro-tein and mRNA expressions of TGF-β1 and Smad2,Smad3 in cardiac muscle tissue.Results Eight weeks after treatment,the blood glucose of rats in HPS high-,mid-dose group,and rosiglitazone group decreased significantly compared with model group (P <0.05).The sections of HE staining showed that the model rats’myocardial cells structure became unclear and some of them were swollen and deformed obviously,even the nucleus disappeared.The sections of Masson staining showed that bright green colla-gen fibers were heaped up between myocardial cells and around blood vessels of the model rats.The pro-tein and mRNA expressions of TGF-β1 ,Smad2 and Smad3 had no significant difference between model group and HPS low-dose group (P >0.05),but the other groups decreased significantly compared with the model group (P <0.05),especially the HPS high-dose group or rosiglitazone group was superior to mid-dose group (P <0.05).Conclusion The effect of HPS against myocardial fibrosis in db /db mice with DCMto slow down the progression of DCMwas proved,and its potential mechanism may be related to inhibitation of TGF-β1 /Smads signaling pathway.

Objective:To clarify the epidemic situation of coxsackievirus A10 (CV-A10) hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD) in Anyang city, Henan province and analyze the variation and evolution characteristics of VP1 gene, so as to provide the basis for the research of CV-A10 virus and the prevention and control of HFMD.Methods:From 2011 to 2015, HFMD cases were enrolled in the study. epidemiological information and fecal samples were obtained. Fluorescent quantitative PCR was used to detect and type enterovirus. The CV-A10 VP1 gene was amplified and sequenced, and the subtype was identified. Phylogenetic tree was constructed to analyze the evolution and variation characteristics of the virus.Results:A total of 2270 fecal samples (from 2011 to 2015, 277, 514, 479, 505 and 495 per year, separately). Totally 1863 enteroviruses were detected, the positive rate was 82.07%. CV-A16, EV-A71, CV-A6 and CV-A10 accounted for 94.26% of all enteroviruses. Based on all of VP1 gene sequences of CV-A10 downloaded from database, four genotypes A, B, C and D were identified. The nucleotide sequence similarity was 75.1%-84.2%. Two subtypes of CV-A10 were identified in this area.Conclusions:CV-A16 and EV-A71 are the dominant viruses causing HFMD, but attention should also be paid to the pathogens of CV-A6 and CV-A10. Although the prevalence of CV-A10 has kept stable in recent years, but there is still a risk of rising of its prevalence.

Purpose To evaluate the differential diagnostic value of conventional ultrasound in the ureteral polyps and ureteral carcinoma via continuous observation.Materials and Methods The conventional ultrasound of patients with ureteral polyps and ureteral carcinoma treated in Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital were retrospectively analyzed from June 2015 to June 2022.According to the pathological results,all participants were divided into the ureteral polyp group(98 cases)and the ureteral carcinoma group(151 cases).All clinical and ultrasound data were recorded,and the differences of echo,blood flow and peristalsis were compared between the two groups.Results There were significant differences in ureteral peristalsis,color Doppler flow distribution,periureteral tissue thickening,increased echo,and hydronephrosis(χ2=197.50,138.89,26.97,36.13,all P<0.05)between the two groups.Low echo was predominant in both groups[67(68.37)vs.114(75.50)],with no significant difference(χ2=1.52,P>0.05).In the ureteral polyp group,67 cases were found in the upper ureter,89 cases were observed continuously with common peristalsis,and 73 cases with color blood flow were mostly central blood flow,while in the ureteral cancer group,85 cases were found in the middle and lower ureter,148 cases showed almost no peristalsis,and 122 cases with color blood flow were mostly peripheral blood flow.Conclusion There are some differences in clinical features such as the location as well as whether hydronephrosis between ureteral polyps and carcinoma.Peristalsis can provide the differential diagnosis for ureteral polyps and ureteral carcinoma via continuous observation.

Objective:To assess the combination of conventional ultrasound with contrast-enhanced ultrasound(CEUS)in the diagnosis of urothelial carcinoma(UC)of the renal pelvis in elderly patients.Methods:Sixty-seven elderly patients with a histopathologic diagnosis of UC of the renal pelvis and surgically treated at our hospital between April 2015 and March 2023 were retrospectively analyzed.Characteristics of regular preoperative 2D ultrasound, color Doppler flow imaging(CDFI)and CEUS were examined.Results:Of 67 patients, 49(73.13%)were found to have localized lesions in the renal pelvis and renal calyces.Lesions in 53 patients(79.10%)could be clearly identified by conventional ultrasound, with 46(86.79%)being isoechoic or hypoechoic, and 7(13.21%)being hyperechoic.Analysis of tumor blood flow by CDFI found 22 cases(41.51%)with avascular lesions, 21(39.62%)with hypovascular lesions and 10(18.87%)with hypervascular lesions.The average value of the resistance index(RI)was 0.64.Enhancement was seen in 62 lesions(92.54%)by CEUS after injection of SonoVue.Compared with the cortex of the ipsilateral kidney, a slow enhancement pattern was observed in 46(74.19%), 14(22.58%)showed simultaneous enhancement, and 2(3.23%)showed fast enhancement.At peak enhancement, 43 lesions(69.35%)had hypo-enhancement, 10(16.13%)had iso-enhancement, and 9(14.52%)had hyper-enhancement, compared with the cortex.Concerning the homogeneity of enhancement, 16(25.81%)displayed heterogeneous enhancement, with tumor necrosis or hemorrhage, and 46(74.19%)had homogeneous enhancement.When the contrast agent washout rate was assessed, a fast washout pattern was observed in 53(85.48%), synchronous washout in 6(9.68%), and slow washout in 3(4.84%).Conclusions:UC of the renal pelvis mostly shows isoechoic and hypoechoic lesions on conventional ultrasound, avascular or hypo-vascular lesions on CDFI, and slow-in, fast-out and hypo-enhancement on CEUS, compared with the cortex.Conventional ultrasound combined with CEUS can help improve the diagnostic accuracy of UC of the renal pelvis.